From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Calendar year
Calendar year
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
1918 .
1918 (
MCMXVIII ) was a
common year starting on Tuesday of the
Gregorian calendar and a
common year starting on Monday of the
Julian calendar , the 1918th year of the
Common Era (CE) and
Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 918th year of the
2nd millennium , the 18th year of the
20th century , and the 9th year of the
1910s decade. As of the start of 1918, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
The ceasefire that effectively ended the
First World War took place on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month of this year. Also in this year, the
Spanish flu pandemic killed 50–100 million people worldwide.
In Russia, this year runs with only 352 days. As the result of Julian to Gregorian calendar switch, 13 days needed to be skipped. Wednesday, January 31
(Julian Calendar) was immediately followed by Thursday, February 14 (Gregorian Calendar) .
Events
World War I will be abbreviated as “WWI”
February 16 : The
Act of Independence of Lithuania
January
February
February 23 :
Estonian Declaration of Independence
March
March 1 – WWI: German submarine
U-19 sinks
HMS Calgarian off
Rathlin Island , Northern Ireland.
March 3 – WWI: The
Central Powers and
Bolshevist Russia sign the
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk , ending Russia's involvement in the war.
March 6
March 7 – WWI:
Finland forms an alliance with Germany.
March 8 – WWI: The
Battle of Tell 'Asur is launched by units of the
British Army 's
Egyptian Expeditionary Force against Ottoman defences from the
Mediterranean Sea , across the
Judaean Mountains to the edge of the Jordan Valley; it ends on
March 12 , with the move of much of the front line north into Ottoman territory.
March 12 –
Moscow becomes the capital of Soviet Russia.
March 15 –
Finnish Civil War : The
battle of Tampere begins.
[6]
March 19 – The
United States Congress establishes
time zones , and approves
daylight saving time (DST goes into effect on
March 31 ).
March 21 –
July 18 – WWI: The
Spring Offensive by the
German Army along the
Western Front fails to make a breakthrough, despite large losses on each side, including nearly 20,000 British Army dead on the first day,
Operation Michael , on the Somme.
March 21 – WWI: The
First Transjordan attack on Amman by units of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force begins, with the passage of the Jordan River.
March 23
WWI: The giant German cannon, the '
Paris Gun ' (Kaiser Wilhelm Geschütz ), begins to shell Paris from 114 km (71 mi) away.
In London at the
Wood Green Empire,
Chung Ling Soo (William E. Robinson, U.S.-born magician) dies during his trick, where he is supposed to "
catch " two separate bullets (but one of them perforates his lung). He dies the following morning in a hospital.
March 25
March 26 –
Marie Stopes publishes her influential book
Married Love in the U.K.
March 27 – WWI: The
First Battle of Amman is launched by units of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force, during the First Transjordan attack on Amman; it ends with their withdrawal on
31 March , back to the Jordan Valley.
March 30 –
March Days :
Bolshevik and
Armenian Revolutionary Federation forces suppress a Muslim revolt in
Baku ,
Azerbaijan , resulting in up to 30,000 deaths.
April
Styles of
Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon , as presented in a vaudeville circuit pantomime and sketched by
Marguerite Martyn of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch in April 1918
April 1 – The
Royal Flying Corps and the
Royal Naval Air Service in Britain are merged to form the
Royal Air Force , the first autonomous Air Force in the world.
April 5 –
Sālote succeeds as Queen of
Tonga ; she will remain on the throne until her death in
1965 .
April 6 –
Finnish Civil War : The
battle of Tampere ends.
[6]
April 8 –
Operations against the Marri and Khetran tribes in
Balochistan end with surrender to the British authorities.
April 9 –
Union of Bessarabia with Romania :
Bessarabia votes to become part of the
Kingdom of Romania .
April 21 – WWI:
Manfred von Richthofen , "The Red Baron", the war's most successful fighter pilot, dies in combat at Morlancourt Ridge near the Somme River.
April 22 –
Armenia ,
Azerbaijan , and
Georgia declare their independence from Russia as the
Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic .
April 23 – WWI:
April 28 – WWI:
Gavrilo Princip , assassin of
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria , dies in
Terezin ,
Austria-Hungary , after three years in prison.
April 30 – WWI: The
Second Transjordan attack on Shunet Nimrin and Es Salt , launched by units of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force, ends on
4 May , with their withdrawal back to the Jordan Valley.
May
May 1 – WWI: German troops enter
Don Host Oblast ; they capture
Rostov-on-Don on
May 8 .
May 2 –
General Motors acquires the
Chevrolet Motor Company of
Delaware .
May 7 – WWI: The British capture
Kirkuk .
May 9 – WWI –
Second Ostend Raid : The British Royal Navy unsuccessfully attempts, for a second time, to seal off the German U-boat base here.
May 11 – The
Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus is officially established.
May 14 – The Three Minute Pause, initiated by the daily firing of the
Noon Gun on
Signal Hill , is instituted by
Cape Town Mayor Sir
Harry Hands . It will inspire the introduction of the
two-minute silence in
November 1919 .
[8]
May 15
May 16 – The
Sedition Act of 1918 is approved by the U.S. Congress.
May 20 – The small town of
Codell, Kansas is hit for the third year in a row, on the same date, by a
tornado .
May 21 – The United States Army Aviation Section is separated from the
Signal Corps , and divided into the
Division of Military Aeronautics and the Bureau of
Aircraft Production.
May 24 – Women in Canada, excluding residents of
Quebec , are
granted the right to vote in federal elections.
[10]
May 26 – The
Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic is abolished; Georgia declares its independence as the
Democratic Republic of Georgia .
May 27 – WWI: The
Third Battle of the Aisne commences.
May 28 –
Armenia and
Azerbaijan declare their independence as the
First Republic of Armenia and the
Azerbaijan Democratic Republic respectively.
May 29 – WWI: The week-long
Battle of Sardarabad concludes with defending Armenian forces victorious over the Ottomans.
May 29 –
30 – WWI:
Battle of Skra di Legen – The Greek
National Defence Army Corps defeats the Bulgarians.
June
June 10 : Austro-Hungarian battleship
Szent István sunk by Italian
torpedo boats
Szent István
June –
August – The "
Spanish flu " becomes
pandemic .
[11] Over 30 million people die in the following 6 months.
June 1 – WWI: The
Battle of Belleau Wood begins.
June 4 – RMS Kenilworth Castle , one of the
Union-Castle Line steamships, collides with her escort destroyer
HMS Rival while trying to avoid her other escort, the cruiser
HMS Kent .
June 8 –
V603 Aquilae , the brightest
nova observed since
Kepler's of
1604 , is discovered.
June 10 – WWI: The
Austro-Hungarian
dreadnought
battleship
SMS Szent István is sunk by two Italian
MAS motor
torpedo boats off the
Dalmatian coast.
June 12
Grand Duke Michael of Russia is murdered, thereby becoming the first of the Romanovs to be killed by the Bolsheviks.
WWI: The first airplane bombing raid by an American unit in France is carried out.
June 16 – The
Declaration to the Seven , a
British government response to a memorandum issued anonymously by seven
Syrian notables, is published.
June 22 – Suspects in the
Chicago Restaurant Poisonings are arrested, and more than 100 waiters are taken into custody for poisoning restaurant customers with a lethal powder called
Mickey Finn .
June 29 –
Bronx International Exposition of Science, Arts and Industries opens in New York; Brazil is the only international exhibitor and the exposition closes at the end of the season.
[12]
July
July 3 –
Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War : The
Siberian Intervention is launched by the
Allies , to extract the
Czechoslovak Legion from the
Russian Civil War .
July 4 –
Mehmed VI succeeds as
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire on the death of his half-brother
Mehmed V (Reşâd, who has reigned since
1909 ), himself reigning until the Sultanate is abolished in
1922 .
July 12 – The
Imperial Japanese Navy battleship
Kawachi blows up off
Tokuyama, Yamaguchi , western
Honshu , Japan, killing at least 621.
July 13 – The National Czechoslovak Committee is established.
July 14 – The film
The Glorious Adventure is released in the United States, featuring
Mammy Lou , who becomes one of the oldest people ever to star in a film, at a claimed age of 114.
July 15 – WWI:
Second Battle of the Marne : The battle begins near the
River Marne , with a German attack.
July 17 :
Execution of the Romanov family
July 17
WWI:
RMS Carpathia (famed for rescuing survivors of the
RMS Titanic ) is torpedoed and sunk off the east coast of Ireland, by
Imperial German Navy submarine
U-55 ; 218 of the 223 on board are rescued.
[13]
Execution of the Romanov family : By order of the
Bolshevik Party , and carried out by the
Cheka , former emperor
Nicholas II , his wife
Alexandra Feodorovna , their children,
Olga ,
Tatiana ,
Maria ,
Anastasia ,
Alexei and retainers are shot at the
Ipatiev House , in
Ekaterinburg, Russia .
July 21 – WWI:
Attack on Orleans – Imperial German submarine
SM U-156 surfaces and fires on a small convoy of barges and defending flying boats off the
Cape Cod town of Orleans, Massachusetts.
[14]
August
August 30 : Attempted assassination of
Lenin , depicted by Vladimir Pchelin
September
October
October 1 – WWI: The Desert Mounted Corps
captures Damascus .
October 2 – WWI: The
Charge at Khan Ayash is begun north of Damascus, by the
3rd Light Horse Brigade .
October 3
October 4
October 7 – The
Regency Council (Poland) declares Polish independence from the
German Empire , and demands that Germany cede the Polish provinces of
Poznań ,
Upper Silesia and
Polish Pomerania .
October 8 –
10 – WWI:
Second Battle of Cambrai : British and Canadian troops take
Cambrai from the Germans and the First and Third British Armies break through the Hindenburg Line.
October 8 – WWI: In the
Forest of Argonne in France, U.S. Corporal
Alvin C. York almost single-handedly kills 25 German soldiers and captures 132.
October 9 – Landgrave
Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse is elected
King of Finland .
October 11 – The magnitude (Mw ) 7.1
San Fermín earthquake shakes Puerto Rico with a maximum
Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent ), killing 76–116 people. A destructive tsunami contributes to the damage and loss of life.
October 12 –
Cloquet Fire : The city of
Cloquet, Minnesota , and nearby areas are destroyed in a fire, killing 453.
October 16 – Emperor Karl IV of Austria publishes the Völkermanifest manifesto, declaring the Cisleithanian part of the empire will be federalized on the basis of national councils
October 18 – The
Washington Declaration proclaims the independent
Czechoslovak Republic .
October 21 – German representatives of the Reichsrat in Austria-Hungary form the Provisional National Assembly for German-Austria
October 24 – WWI: The
Battle of Vittorio Veneto opens.
October 25
October 26 – WWI –
Charge at Haritan : Units of the Desert Mounted Corps battle with Ottoman forces for the last time in WWI.
October 28
October 29
October 30
October 31 – The
Hungarian government terminates the personal union with Austria, officially dissolving the
Austro-Hungarian Empire .
November
November 9 :
Proclamation of German Republic by
Philipp Scheidemann in Berlin on the
Reichstag balcony
Signatories to the
Armistice of 11 November 1918 with Germany, ending WWI, pose outside Marshal Foch's railway carriage
November 11: Front page of
The New York Times on
Armistice Day
December
Flag of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
December 4 – President
Woodrow Wilson departs by ship to the
Paris Peace Conference , becoming the first United States President to travel to Europe while holding office.
December 5 –
Estonian War of Independence : The British
light cruiser
HMS Cassandra strikes a
mine and sinks near
Saaremaa in the
Baltic Sea , killing 11 sailors.
[26]
December 6 – A
magnitude (Mw ) 7.2 earthquake shakes
British Columbia .
December 14
December 16 –
Vincas Mickevičius-Kapsukas declares the formation of the
Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic , a
puppet state created by the
Russian SFSR to justify the
Lithuanian–Soviet War .
December 17 –
Darwin Rebellion in Australia: Disaffected workers march on
Government House, Darwin , demanding the resignation of the
Administrator of the Northern Territory ,
John A. Gilruth .
December 20 –
Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk returns to the Czechoslovak Republic.
December 21 –
Estonian War of Independence : The
Red Army captures
Tartu ,
Estonia .
December 25 –
Der Stahlhelm, Bund der Frontsoldaten , is formed in Germany as a
nationalist
veterans ' organization.
December 27 –
Greater Poland Uprising (1918–19) : Poles in
Greater Poland (the former
Grand Duchy of Posen ) rise up against the Germans, ignited by a patriotic speech made in
Poznań by pianist and politician
Ignacy Jan Paderewski .
December 28 –
Sinn Féin enjoys a landslide victory in Irish seats in the
Irish general election (part of the
1918 United Kingdom general election ), following the counting of votes, winning 73 of the 105 seats in Ireland. In accordance with their
manifesto , Sinn Féin members will not take their seats in the
Palace of Westminster but will form the
First Dáil in
Dublin . Countess
Constance Markievicz , while detained in
Holloway Prison (London), becomes the first woman elected to (but does not take her seat in) the British
House of Commons .
[29]
December 31 – A British-brokered ceasefire ends the two weeks of fighting in the
Georgian–Armenian War .
Births
January
João Figueiredo
Gamal Abdel Nasser
Gertrude B. Elion
Nicolae Ceaușescu
January 1 –
Patrick Anthony Porteous , Scottish recipient of the
Victoria Cross (d.
2000 )
January 2 –
Gudrun Zapf-von Hesse , German typographer, calligrapher and book-binder (d.
2019 )
January 10 –
Arthur Chung , 1st
President of Guyana (d.
2008 )
January 11 –
Kassim Al-Rimawi , Prime Minister of Jordan (d.
1982 )
January 15
January 16 –
Stirling Silliphant , American writer, producer (d.
1996 )
[30]
January 17
January 20 –
Juan García Esquivel , Mexican bandleader (d.
2002 )
January 21
January 22 –
Elmer Lach , Canadian ice hockey player (d.
2015 )
January 23 –
Gertrude B. Elion , American scientist, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.
1999 )
[32]
January 24 –
Oral Roberts , American neo-Pentecostal televangelist (d.
2009 )
January 26
January 27
January 29
January 31 –
Millie Dunn Veasey , African-American civil rights activist (d.
2018 )
February
Joey Bishop
Julian Schwinger
February 1
February 2 –
Hella Haasse , Dutch writer (d.
2011 )
February 3
February 4 –
Ida Lupino , Anglo-American actress, screenwriter, director and producer (d.
1995 )
February 6 –
Lothar-Günther Buchheim , German author (d.
2007 )
February 7 –
Marguerite Narbel , Swiss biologist and politician (died
2010 )
February 8 –
Fred Blassie , American professional wrestler, novelty singer (Pencil Neck Geek ) (d.
2003 )
February 12 –
Julian Schwinger , American physicist,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1994 )
February 14 –
William L. Snyder , American film producer (d.
1998 )
February 15 –
Smilja Avramov , Serbian academic, authority and educator in international law (d.
2018 )
February 19 –
Fay McKenzie , American silent film actress (d.
2019 )
February 22
February 25
February 26
February 28 –
Alfred Burke , English actor (d.
2011 )
March
João Goulart
James Tobin
Elaine de Kooning
Frederick Reines
Pearl Bailey
March 1
March 3
March 4 –
Margaret Osborne duPont , American female tennis player (d.
2012 )
March 5 –
James Tobin , American economist,
Nobel Memorial Prize laureate (d.
2002 )
[34]
March 9
March 10 –
Günther Rall , German ace fighter pilot (d.
2009 )
March 12 –
Elaine de Kooning , American artist (d.
1989 )
[36]
March 16 –
Frederick Reines , American physicist,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1998 )
[37]
March 17 –
Viviane Gauthier , Haitian dancer (d.
2017 )
March 22 –
Cheddi Jagan , 4th
President of Guyana (d.
1997 )
March 23
March 28 –
Gonzalo Facio Segreda , Costa Rican lawyer, politician, and diplomat (d.
2018 )
March 29
April
William Holden
Kai Siegbahn
Fanny Blankers-Koen
April 1 –
Diarmuid Larkin , Irish artist and art educationist (d.
1989 )
April 6
April 7 –
Bobby Doerr , American baseball player (d.
2017 )
April 8 –
Betty Ford ,
First Lady of the United States (d.
2011 )
April 9 –
Jørn Utzon , Danish architect (d.
2008 )
April 10 –
H. S. Doreswamy , Indian activist, journalist (d.
2021 )
April 11 –
Jean-Claude Servan-Schreiber , French journalist, politician (d.
2018 )
April 14 –
Mary Healy , American actress, variety entertainer and singer (d.
2015 )
[38]
April 16 –
Spike Milligan , Irish comedian (d.
2002 )
April 17
April 18
April 20 –
Kai Siegbahn , Swedish physicist,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
2007 )
[39]
April 26 –
Fanny Blankers-Koen , Dutch athlete (d.
2004 )
April 28
April 29 –
Nils Östensson , Swedish Olympic cross-country skier (d.
1949 )
May
Mike Wallace
Richard Feynman
Eddy Arnold
Birgit Nilsson
Yasuhiro Nakasone
Martin Lundstrom
May 1
May 4
May 6
May 9
May 11 –
Richard Feynman , American physicist,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1988 )
[41]
May 12 –
Julius Rosenberg , American-born Soviet spy (d.
1953 )
May 15
May 16 –
Wilf Mannion , English footballer (d.
2000 )
[43]
May 17 –
Birgit Nilsson , Swedish soprano (d.
2005 )
[44]
May 19 –
Abraham Pais , Dutch-born American physicist (d.
2000 )
May 20 –
Edward B. Lewis , American geneticist, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.
2004 )
May 23
May 27 –
Yasuhiro Nakasone , 45th
Prime Minister of Japan (d.
2019 )
May 28
May 30 –
Martin Lundström , Swedish Olympic cross-country skier (d.
2016 )
May 31 –
Margaret Todd , Canadian female golfer (d.
2019 )
June
Franco Modigliani
June 2 –
Kathryn Tucker Windham , American writer, storyteller (d.
2011 )
June 6 –
Edwin G. Krebs , American biochemist, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.
2009 )
June 8 –
Robert Preston , American actor (The Music Man ) (d.
1987 )
June 9 –
John Hospers , American philosopher (d.
2011 )
June 10 –
Patachou , French singer (d.
2015 )
June 11 –
Hugo Scheltema , Dutch diplomat (d.
1996 )
June 15 –
François Tombalbaye , 1st
President of Chad (d.
1975 )
June 17
June 18
June 21
June 22
June 24
June 26
June 27
June 29 –
Heini Lohrer , Swiss ice hockey player (d.
2011 )
June 30 –
Jackie Roberts , Welsh footballer (d.
2001 )
July
Ingmar Bergman
Bertram Brockhouse
Nelson Mandela
Paul D. Boyer
July 1
July 2
July 3 –
Lorenzo Robledo , Spanish actor (d.
2006 )
July 4
July 5
July 6
July 7 –
Jing Shuping , Chinese businessman (d.
2009 )
July 8
July 9 –
Jarl Wahlström , Salvation Army general (d.
1999 )
July 12 –
Mary Glen-Haig , British Olympic fencer (d.
2014 )
July 13
July 14
July 15
July 16
July 17 –
Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio , 35th
President of Guatemala (d.
2003 )
July 18
July 20 –
Auður Laxness , Icelandic writer, craftsperson (d.
2012 )
July 21 –
Elsa Kobberstad , Norwegian schoolteacher, politician (d.
2007 )
July 22 –
Lila Zali , Georgian-born American prima ballerina (d.
2003 )
July 24
July 27 –
Leonard Rose , American cellist (d.
1984 )
July 28 –
Penaia Ganilau , 1st President of Fiji (d.
1993 )
July 29 –
Edwin O'Connor , American novelist,
Pulitzer Prize for Fiction winner (d.
1968 )
July 31
August
Bruria_Kaufman
Frederick Sanger
Shankar Dayal Sharma
Leonard Bernstein
Katherine Johnson
Alejandro Agustín Lanusse
August 1
August 2 –
Dada Vaswani , Indian spiritual leader (d.
2018 )
August 3 –
Cheng Kaijia , Chinese nuclear physicist and engineer (d.
2018 )
August 4 –
Noel Willman , Irish actor (d.
1988 )
August 5
August 13
August 19 –
Shankar Dayal Sharma , 9th
President of India (d.
1999 )
August 20 –
Crystal Bennett , British archaeologist, pioneering researcher on
Jordan (d.
1987 )
August 21 –
Bruria Kaufman , American-born Israeli physicist (d.
2010 )
August 22
August 23 –
Bernard Fisher , American surgeon (d.
2019 )
August 25 –
Leonard Bernstein , American composer, conductor (d.
1990 )
August 26
August 27
August 28 –
Alejandro Agustín Lanusse , 37th
President of Argentina (d.
1996 )
August 29 –
Clemens C. J. Roothaan , Dutch physicist (d.
2019 )
August 30 –
Ted Williams , American baseball player (d.
2002 )
August 31 –
Alan Jay Lerner , American lyricist, librettist (d.
1986 )
September
Chaim Herzog
September 1 –
Phyllis Wallbank , English educationalist (d.
2020 )
September 3 –
Helen Wagner , American soap opera actress (d.
2010 )
September 4 –
Gerald Wilson , American jazz trumpeter (d.
2014 )
September 6 –
Ludwig Hörmann , German cyclist (d.
2001 )
September 8 –
Derek Barton , British chemist,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1998 )
September 9 –
Oscar Luigi Scalfaro , 9th
President of Italy (d.
2012 )
September 13 –
Ray Charles , American musician, singer and songwriter (d.
2015 )
September 14 –
James George , Canadian diplomat (d.
2020 )
September 15 –
Nipsey Russell , American comedian, poet, and dancer (d.
2005 )
September 16 –
Ismail Mohamed Ali , Malaysian politician (d.
1998 )
September 17 –
Chaim Herzog , 6th
President of Israel 1983–1993 (d.
1997 )
September 19 –
Joseph Zeller , American politician (d.
2018 )
September 22 –
Henryk Szeryng , Polish-born violinist (d.
1988 )
September 24 –
Emerante Morse , Haitian singer, dancer and folklorist (d.
2018 )
September 26 –
Peng Chang-kuei , Taiwanese chef (d.
2016 )
September 27 –
Martin Ryle , English radio astronomer, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physics (d.
1984 )
September 28
September 30
October
Jens Christian Skou
Robert Walker
Rita Hayworth
Thelma Coyne Long
October 4 –
Kenichi Fukui , Japanese chemist,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1998 )
October 6 –
Goh Keng Swee , former Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore (d.
2010 )
October 8 –
Jens Christian Skou , Danish chemist,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
2018 )
October 9
October 10 –
Gaston Mialaret , French pedagogist and professor (d.
2016 )
October 13
October 14 –
Thelma Coyne Long , Australian tennis player (d.
2015 )
October 16
October 17 –
Rita Hayworth , American actress (d.
1987 )
October 18
October 19 –
Robert S. Strauss , American politician, Democratic National Committee Chairman (d.
2014 )
October 22 –
René de Obaldia , French playwright and poet (d.
2022 )
October 23 –
Augusta Dabney , American actress (d.
2008 )
October 25
October 26 –
Marc Hodler , Swiss lawyer (d.
2006 )
October 27
October 29 –
Diana Serra Cary , American actress (d.
2020 )
October 31 –
Ian Stevenson , American parapsychologist (d.
2007 )
November
Billy Graham
Spiro Agnew
November 1 –
Ken Miles , British sports car racing engineer and driver (d.
1966 )
November 2 –
Raimon Panikkar , Spanish theologian (d.
2010 )
November 3 –
Russell B. Long , United States Senator from Louisiana (d.
2003 )
November 4
November 7
November 8
November 9
November 10 –
Ernst Otto Fischer , German chemist,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
2007 )
November 14 –
John Bromwich , Australian tennis player (d.
1999 )
November 15 –
Vittore Bocchetta , Italian sculptor, painter and academic (d.
2021 )
November 18 –
Nicolás Kingman Riofrío , Ecuadorian journalist, writer and politician (d.
2018 )
November 26 –
Patricio Aylwin , 32nd
President of Chile (d.
2016 )
November 27 –
Borys Paton , Ukrainian scientist (d.
2020 )
November 29 –
Madeleine L'Engle , American author (d.
2007 )
November 30 –
Efrem Zimbalist Jr. , American actor (d.
2014 )
[53]
December
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
Kurt Waldheim
Helmut Schmidt
Anwar Sadat
December 3 –
Abdul Haris Nasution , Indonesian general (d.
2000 )
December 7
December 8 –
Gérard Souzay , French baritone (d.
2004 )
December 10 –
Anatoly Tarasov , Russian ice-hockey player and coach (d.
1995 )
December 11 –
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn , Russian writer,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
2008 )
December 12 –
Joe Williams , American jazz singer (d.
1999 )
December 13 –
Rosalia Lombardo , Italian child known as The Sleeping Beauty (d.
1920 )
[54]
December 14 –
B. K. S. Iyengar , Indian
yoga teacher (d.
2014 )
December 15 –
Jeff Chandler , American actor (d.
1961 )
December 17
December 18 –
Joyce Reynolds , English classicist and academic (d.
2022 )
December 21
December 23
December 24 –
Dave Bartholomew , American musician, songwriter and music producer (d.
2019 )
December 25
December 26 –
Georgios Rallis ,
Prime Minister of Greece (d.
2006 )
December 30 –
W. Eugene Smith , American photojournalist (d.
1978 )
Date unknown
Deaths
January
Georg Cantor
María Dolores Rodríguez Sopeña
February
Princess Leonilla Bariatinskaya
Gustav Klimt
Sultan
Abdul Hamid II
February 1 –
Princess Leonilla Bariatinskaya , Russian aristocrat (b.
1816 )
February 2 –
John L. Sullivan , American boxer, World Heavyweight Champion (b.
1858 )
February 4 –
Akiyama Saneyuki , Japanese admiral (b.
1868 )
February 6 –
Gustav Klimt , Austrian painter (b.
1862 ),
Spanish flu
February 8 –
Louis Renault , French jurist, educator and
Nobel Prize laureate (b.
1843 )
February 10
February 11 –
Alexey Kaledin , Russian general (suicide) (b.
1861 )
February 14 –
Sir Cecil Spring Rice , British diplomat (b.
1859 )
February 15 –
Vernon Castle , British-born American dancer (b.
1887 )
February 16 –
Károly Khuen-Héderváry , 2-time
Prime Minister of Hungary (b.
1849 )
February 23
March
Claude Debussy
Martin Sheridan
April
Karl Ferdinand Braun
Manfred von Richthofen
Gavrilo Princip
May
Maria Magdalena Merten
June
Kyrion II of Georgia
June 1 –
Roderic Dallas , Australian fighter pilot (killed in action) (b.
1891 )
June 3 – Count
Richard von Bienerth-Schmerling , Austrian noble, statesman and former Prime Minister (b.
1863 )
June 4 –
Charles W. Fairbanks ,
26th
Vice President of the United States (b.
1852 )
June 10 –
Arrigo Boito , Italian poet, composer (b.
1842 )
June 13 –
Grand Duke Michael Romanov (assassinated) (b.
1878 )
June 15 –
Frank Miles Day , American architect (b.
1861 )
June 16 –
Bazil Assan , Romanian engineer and explorer (b.
1860 )
June 19 –
Francesco Baracca , Italian fighter pilot (air crash) (b.
1888 )
June 26 –
Kyrion II of Georgia , Georgian
Orthodox patriarch , Saint (b.
1855 )
June 27 –
Joséphin Péladan , French occultist (b.
1858 )
July
Sultan
Mehmed V
James McCudden
Quentin Roosevelt
Emperor
Nicholas II of Russia
Henry Macintosh
August
Marianne Cope
September
George Reid
Eduard, Duke of Anhalt
Prince Erik, Duke of Vastmanland
Mudbir al-Far'un , Arab chieftain, leader of 1913 Euphrates rebellion
September 2 –
Sir John Forrest , Australian explorer and politician, 1st
Premier of Western Australia (b.
1847 )
September 5 –
Nikolay Maklakov , Russian politician, former minister of the Interior (b.
1871 )
September 6 –
Elizabeth Yates , New Zealand politician (b.
1845 )
September 8
September 12 –
Sir George Reid , 4th
Prime Minister of Australia (b.
1845 )
September 13 –
Eduard, Duke of Anhalt (b.
1861 )
September 16 –
Maurice Boyau , French World War I fighter ace (killed in action) (b.
1888 )
September 20 –
Prince Erik, Duke of Västmanland (b.
1889 ),
Spanish flu
September 27 –
Fritz Rumey , German World War I fighter ace (killed in action) (b.
1891 )
September 28
September 29 –
Frank Luke , American fighter pilot (killed in action) (b.
1897 )
October
October 4 –
Nikolai Skrydlov , Russian admiral (b.
1844 )
October 5
October 6 –
Arthur O'Hara Wood , Australian tennis champion and fighter pilot (killed in action) (b.
1890 )
October 7 –
Sir Hubert Parry , British composer (b.
1848 ),
Spanish flu
October 8 –
Mikhail Alekseyev , Russian general (b.
1857 )
October 9 –
Raymond Duchamp-Villon , French sculptor (b.
1876 )
October 11 –
Wallace Lloyd Algie , Canadian soldier (killed in action) (b.
1891 )
October 15 –
Sai Baba of Shirdi , Indian guru, yogi and National saint of India (b.
1838 )
October 16 –
Felix Arndt , American pianist, composer (b.
1889 ),
Spanish flu
October 18
October 19
October 24
October 25 –
Amadeo de Souza Cardoso , Portuguese painter (b.
1887 ),
Spanish flu
October 29
October 31
November
Wilfred Owen
November 1 –
Vladimir Vasilyevich Smirnov , Russian general (executed) (b.
1849 )
November 2 –
Hugh Cairns , Canadian soldier (b.
1896 )
November 4
November 5
November 6 –
Alan Arnett McLeod , Canadian soldier (b.
1899 ),
Spanish flu
November 9
November 11
November 12 –
Aleksei Evert , Russian general (executed) (b.
1857 ; may have died in
1926 )
November 14 –
Matti Lonkainen , Finnish politician (b.
1874 )
[62]
November 15 –
Sir Robert Anderson , British police officer (b.
1841 ),
Spanish flu
November 19 –
Joseph F. Smith , 6th President of
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b.
1838 )
November 20 –
John Bauer , Swedish painter (b.
1882 )
November 22 –
Rose Cleveland , de facto
First Lady of the United States (b.
1846 ),
Spanish flu
November 23 –
Fritz von Below , German general (b.
1853 )
November 30 –
Karl Petrovich Jessen , Russian admiral (b.
1852 )
December
Sidónio Pais
Sultan
Ali bin Hamud of Zanzibar
December 2 –
Edmond Rostand , French writer (b.
1868 ),
Spanish flu
December 4 –
Princess Teriivaetua of
Tahiti (b.
1869 ),
Spanish flu
December 5 –
Schalk Willem Burger , Boer military leader, lawyer, politician, statesman, and acting
President of the South African Republic (1900-1902) (b.
1852 )
December 9 –
Samuel Swett Green , American library pioneer (b.
1837 )
December 11 –
Ivan Cankar , Slovenian writer (b.
1876 ),
Spanish flu
December 14 –
Sidónio Pais , Portuguese politician, general, diplomat, 66th
Prime Minister of Portugal and 4th
President of Portugal (b.
1872 ), assassinated
December 16 –
Frederic W. Tilton , American educator and 7th
Principal of
Phillips Academy in
Andover, Massachusetts (b.
1839 )
December 20 – Sultan
Ali bin Hamud of Zanzibar (b.
1884 )
December 21 –
Prince Konrad of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst , Austrian statesman, former Prime Minister (b.
1863 )
December 28 –
Olavo Bilac , Brazilian poet (b.
1865 )
Date unknown
Nobel Prizes
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Further reading
Chandra, Siddharth, Julia Christensen, and Shimon Likhtman. "Connectivity and seasonality: the 1918 influenza and COVID-19 pandemics in global perspective." Journal of Global History 15.3 (2020): 408–420.
Phillips, Howard. "’17,’18,’19: religion and science in three pandemics, 1817, 1918, and 2019." Journal of Global History 15.3 (2020): 434–443.
Williams, John. The Other Battleground The Home Fronts: Britain, France and Germany 1914-1918 (1972) pp 243–92.
Primary sources and year books