From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Month in 1918
The following events occurred in May 1918 :
British troops hold the southern bank of the
Aisne River during the first day of the
Third Battle of the Aisne .
The
memorial dedicated to the Armenian victory against the
Ottoman Empire at the
Battle of Sardarabad in
Armenia .
May 1 , 1918 (Wednesday)
The
Egyptian Expeditionary Force
captured the towns of Sunet Nimrun and Es Salt in Jordan but faced counterattacks from Ottoman and German forces.
[1]
Battle of Lahti – The
Red Guards fled their garrison at
Hennala , ending the battle at
Lahti ,
Finland . Some 30,000 Reds Guards and their supporters surrendered to the
White Guards and the support German
detachment force .
[2]
The
Royal Air Force established air squadron
No. 252 .
[3]
The Kyung Sung Public Agricultural College was founded, the precursor to the
University of Seoul .
[4]
The
Independent Voters Association was established as a conservative counterpart to the more socialist-leaning
Nonpartisan League in
North Dakota .
[5]
Born:
Jack Paar , American TV personality, host of
The Tonight Show from 1957 to 1962, in
Canton, Ohio (d.
2004 )
Died:
Grove Karl Gilbert , American geologist, discoverer of the
Meteor Crater in
Arizona (b.
1843 )
May 2 , 1918 (Thursday)
May 3 , 1918 (Friday)
Victims of the
Vyborg massacre in
Finland .
Vyborg massacre – Finnish commander
Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim sent a telegram to the town commandant in
Vyborg ,
Finland with an order to stop the massacre of
Red Guard prisoners and ethnic Russians civilians in the town. In all, by the time the violence stopped, 1,200 people had been shot dead, including more than 800 Red Guard prisoners and between 360 and 420 civilians of Russian or affiliated ethnicity.
[8]
Battle of Ahvenkoski – With the
Kymi Valley now the last stronghold for the
Red Guards in
Finland , negotiations for surrender began with the Germans.
[9]
The Soviet
Red Army established the
6th Rifle Division in
Gdov ,
Russia .
[10]
Official war artist
William Orpen opened his exhibition War in London and later donated the paintings to the British government. He was knighted in June.
[11]
New Zealand writer
Katherine Mansfield married her long-time partner
John Middleton Murry at the
Kensington
register office in
London .
[12]
The
University of the Philippines Cebu was established in
Cebu ,
Philippines
[13] along with a preparatory school for students entering university.
[14]
Born:
Richard Dudman , American journalist, member of the editorial staff for the
St. Louis Post-Dispatch for over thirty years, in
Centerville, Iowa (d.
2017 );
Ted Bates , English football player,
forward for
Southampton from 1937 to 1953 and manager from 1955 to 1973, in
Thetford ,
England (d.
2003 );
Mona Inglesby , British ballet dancer and choreographer, director of
International Ballet , in
London (d.
2006 )
Died:
Derwas Cumming , Australian football player, forward for the
Perth Football Club from 1907 to 1910, 1914 and
Melbourne University Football Club from 1911 to 1912, recipient of the
Military Cross (died from wounds sustained at the
Second Battle of Villers-Bretonneux ) (b.
1891 );
John Chase , American army medical officer, commander of the
Colorado National Guard during the
Colorado Labor Wars and the
Ludlow Massacre (b.
1856 )
May 4 , 1918 (Saturday)
The
Egyptian Expeditionary Force retreated back to the
Jordan Valley
after failing to hold the towns of Sunet Nimrun and Es Salt , suffering 1,784 casualties while inflicting over 2,000 on the Ottomans.
[15]
Soviet Russia established the
Belomorsky ,
North Caucasus , and
Volga Military Districts .
[16]
[17]
[18]
The
Senate of Finland was re-established in
Vaasa ,
Finland .
[19]
Baseball Ontario was established as the provincial governing body of the sport in
Hamilton, Ontario .
[20]
Born:
Kakuei Tanaka , Japanese state leader, 40th
Prime Minister of Japan , in
Nishiyama, Niigata ,
Japan (d.
1993 )
Died:
Howard Burnham , American engineer and spy, collected intelligence for
France while conducting mining surveying work in the
Alps during
World War I , brother to
Frederick Russell Burnham (b.
1870 )
May 5 , 1918 (Sunday)
Irish nationalist leader
John Dillon speaks from a platform at an anti-conscription rally in
County Roscommon ,
Ireland .
Battle of Ahvenkoski – The final force
Red Guards of
Finland surrendered at
Ahvenkoski ,
Finland , with 800 soldiers laying down their arms to the German detachment force in
Finland . The battle became the final military action of the
Finnish Civil War .
[21]
An estimated 15,000 people attended an
anti-conscription meeting in
County Roscommon ,
Ireland , where
John Dillon , leader of the
Irish Parliamentary Party , and
Éamon de Valera of
Sinn Féin shared the platform in a united cause against
conscription .
[22]
German submarine
SM UB-119 was rammed and sunk in the
Atlantic Ocean , killing all 34 crew.
[23]
German submarine
SM UB-70 disappeared after being seen in the
Mediterranean Sea east of
Gibraltar , with all 33 crew lost.
[24]
The
United States Army established the
1st Pursuit Group to support the
American Expeditionary Forces on the
Western Front .
[25]
Mary Pickford starred in
M'Liss , a remake of a 1915 film. It was directed by
Marshall Neilan and adapted by screenwriter
Frances Marion from the short story by
Bret Harte .
[26]
[27]
The village of
Galahad, Alberta was established.
[28]
Born:
Egidio Galea , Maltese clergy, member of the
Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany during
World War II , in
Birgu ,
Malta (d.
2005 )
Died:
Bertha Palmer , American philanthropist, noted contributor to
The Women's Building at the
Chicago World's Fair , wife to business leader
Potter Palmer (b.
1849 )
May 6 , 1918 (Monday)
Nicaragua declared war on the
Central Powers .
[29]
[30]
The
Don Cossacks under command of
Pyotr Krasnov captured
Rostov-on-Don in what was then the
Don Soviet Republic , allowing German forces to occupy the city two days later. The area was later incorporated into the
Don Republic .
[31]
The
United States Navy established the
Coco Solo naval station near
Cativá ,
Panama as part of the defense of the
Panama Canal .
[32]
Born:
Eva Kolstad , Norwegian politician and activist, promoter of women's rights in
Norway and internationally, 18th
Norwegian Association for Women's Rights , member of the
United Nations Commission on the Status of Women from 1969 to 1975, in Haldar,
Norway (d.
1999 );
Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan , Arabic noble and state leader, first
President of the United Arab Emirates , in
Abu Dhabi (d.
2004 )
May 7 , 1918 (Tuesday)
May 8 , 1918 (Wednesday)
May 9 , 1918 (Thursday)
Field Marshal
John French
The
Royal Navy failed in their
second attempt to seal off the German U-boat base at
Ostend ,
Germany despite using the destroyer
HMS Vindictive as a
blockship .
[36]
Liberal Party leader
H. H. Asquith took up allegations of the British War Cabinet misleading
Parliament about troop strengths on the
Western Front from a letter published in the press on May 7 by
Major-General
Frederick Maurice of the
British Army . The fierce debate in the
House of Commons led to
Prime Minister
David Lloyd George refuting the claims and treating the issue as a
vote of confidence , allowing him to win the debate and tip perception against Asquith as not being an effective wartime leader. The resulting vote was in favor of government support 295 votes to 108, although about half of the
Members of Parliament were absent as they were serving in the war.
[37]
[38]
Field Marshal
John French was appointed
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and Supreme Commander of the
British Army in
Ireland .
[39]
Germany conducted the first
heavier-than-air raid on
England since
March , sending four Riesenfluzeuge bombers to
Dover . High winds over the
North Sea forced the squadron to turn back only to find their bases shrouded in fog. Only one landed safely, with the other three being destroyed in crashes.
[40]
German submarine
SM UC-78 was rammed and sunk in the
English Channel off the coast of
France by British steamer
Queen Alexandra .
[41]
French ace
René Fonck shot down six German aircraft in a day.
[42]
Edgar Sisson, an American field operative for the
Committee on Public Information posted in
Petrograd , began to introduce the first in a series of
68 Russian documents together titled The German-Bolshevik Conspiracy that alleged Russian revolutionary leaders
Vladimir Lenin and
Leon Trotsky had worked with
Germany to bring about
Russia 's withdraw from
World War I .
[43] The documents were later proven to be forgeries.
[44]
The
Royal Air Force established air squadron
No. 158 .
[45]
Born:
Mike Wallace , American journalist, original and long-running member of the
CBS news program
60 Minutes , in
Brookline, Massachusetts (d.
2012 );
Orville Freeman , American politician, 29th
Governor of Minnesota , 16th
United States Secretary of Agriculture , in
Minneapolis (d.
2003 );
Kyffin Williams , Welsh painter, best known for his landscape work of
Wales , in
Llangefni ,
Wales (d.
2006 )
Died:
Richard Hutton Davies , English-New Zealand army officer, commander of the
6th Infantry Brigade and
20th Light Division during
World War I , recipient of the
Order of the Bath (b.
1861 )
May 10 , 1918 (Friday)
The 24-cent
Inverted Jenny U.S postage stamp, with the upside-down
Curtiss Jenny airplane
Battle of Kaniów – Around 8,000 troops with the
Polish II Corps in Russia under command of
Józef Haller were surprised and encircled by a larger
Imperial German Army of 12,000 soldiers near
Kaniów ,
Ukraine .
[46]
German Zeppelin L 62 exploded and broke in half before crashing in flames over the
North Sea with the loss of all hands. The German Naval Airship Service blamed her loss on an accident, while the
Royal Air Force claimed one of its
flying boats shot her down.
[47]
German submarine
SM UB-16 was torpedoed and sunk in the
North Sea by
Royal Navy submarine
HMS E34 with the loss of 15 of her 16 crew.
[48]
The
Inverted Jenny postage stamp, which features an upside-down image of a
Curtiss Jenny airplane , was issued by the
United States Postal Service by accident. While probably the most famous errors in American
philately , only one pane in 100 was ever found showing the error, making it also one of the most prized with an estimated value of
US $ 977,500.
[49]
Born:
Peter Porekuu Dery , Ghanaian clergy,
Archbishop of Tamale from 1974 to 1994, in
Wa, Ghana (d.
2008 );
R. N. Kao , Indian intelligence officer, first chief of the
Research and Analysis Wing for the
Government of India , in
Benares ,
British India (d.
2002 )
Born:
T. Berry Brazelton , American pediatrician, developer of the
Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale , in
Waco, Texas (d.
2018 );
George Welch , American air force officer and test pilot, recipient of the
Distinguished Service Cross and
Distinguished Flying Cross ,
Medal of Honor nominee for action during the
attack on Pearl Harbor , in
Wilmington, Delaware (d.
1954 , killed in a plane crash)
Died:
Alexander Oswald Brodie , American army officer and politician, 15th Governor of the
Arizona Territory , member of the
Rough Riders during the
Spanish–American War (b.
1849 )
May 11 , 1918 (Saturday)
The
Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus was officially established.
[50]
Battle of Kaniów – After a full day of stiff resistance from the
Polish II Corps in Russia , the German command offered a ceasefire. Germany suffered an estimated 1,500 dead while Polish forces sustained around 1,000 casualties, of those only two dozen died. Another 3,250 Polish troops were taken prisoner although many thousands, including commanding officer
Józef Haller , managed to escape.
[51]
Italian
troopship
Verona was sunk by German submarine
SM UC-52 , killing 880 passengers and crew.
[52]
French Navy
troopship
Sant Anna was sunk in the
Mediterranean Sea by German submarine
SM UC-54 , killing 605 passengers and crew.
[53]
German submarine
SM U-154 was torpedoed and sunk in the
Atlantic Ocean by
Royal Navy submarine
HMS E35 with the loss of all 77 crew.
[54]
Racing horse
Exterminator with jockey
Willie Knapp won the
44th running of the
Kentucky Derby with a time of 2:10.08.
[55]
British artist
Paul Nash opened his exhibition The Void of War at the
Leicester Galleries in
London .
[56]
The sports
Club Universitario de Buenos Aires was established in
Buenos Aires . It is most noted for its
rugby union team but also offered a wide range of sports disciplines including
basketball ,
boxing ,
association football ,
gymnastics ,
golf ,
field hockey ,
martial arts ,
swimming ,
tennis ,
volleyball and many others.
[57]
Born:
Richard Feynman , American physicist, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physics for his research into
quantum mechanics , in
New York City (d.
1988 );
Sheila Burnford , Scottish-Canadian children's writer, author of
The Incredible Journey (d.
1984 )
Died:
George Elmslie , Australian politician, 25th
Premier of Victoria (b.
1861 )
May 12 , 1918 (Sunday)
German submarine
SM UB-72 was depth charged and sunk in the
English Channel by
Royal Navy submarine
HMS D4 with the loss of 34 of her crew.
[58]
German submarine
SM U-103 was rammed and sunk in the
Atlantic Ocean by British ocean liner
Olympic with the loss of nine of her 40 crew. Survivors were rescued by
U.S. Navy destroyer
USS Davis .
[59]
[60]
The
football
Sport Club Gaúcho was established in
Passo Fundo ,
Brazil .
[61]
Born:
Julius Rosenberg , American spy, convicted along with
Ethel for sharing state secrets with the
Soviet Union , in
New York City (d.
1953 , executed);
Mary Kay Ash , American business executive, founder of
Mary Kay Cosmetics , in
Hot Wells, Texas (d.
2001 )
Died:
Rose Selfridge , American-British socialite, wife to
Harry Gordon Selfridge , the owner of the
Selfridges department store chain (b.
1860 )
May 13 , 1918 (Monday)
The
United States Postal Service issued the first
airmail stamps to the public, bearing a picture of a
Curtis "Jenny" airplane .
[62]
German submarine
SM UB-114 sank at
Kiel ,
Germany with the loss of seven of her crew. The vessel was later raised.
[63]
The
French Army established the
501st Combat Tank Regiment .
[64]
Children's author
L. Frank Baum published the 12th
Oz book,
The Tin Woodman of Oz , which helped reverse a trend in declining book sales of the series.
[65]
Filmmaker
William Desmond Taylor released
Huck and Tom as a sequel to
Tom Sawyer , with
Jack Pickford and
Robert Gordon reprising their roles of the
Mark Twain characters.
[66]
[67]
Fatty Arbuckle starred in the comedy short
Moonshine , which he also directed. Portions of the film still survive.
[68]
Born:
Balasaraswati , Indian dancer and choreographer, known for her promotion of
Bharatanatyam traditional dance, recipient of the
Padma Bhushan and
Padma Vibhushan civilian awards in
India , in
Madras ,
British India (d.
1984 )
May 14 , 1918 (Tuesday)
Royal Navy
destroyer
HMS Phoenix was torpedoed and sunk in the
Adriatic Sea by Austro-Hungarian submarine
SM U-27 , killing two of the 72 crew.
[69]
[70]
South African mayor
Harry Hands instituted the "Three Minute Pause", which was initiated by the daily firing of the
Noon Gun on
Signal Hill in
Cape Town ,
South Africa . The ceremony inspired the introduction of the
two-minute silence in November 1919.
[71]
Iowa
Governor
William L. Harding issued a hard-line anti-German proclamation (later known as the
Babel Proclamation ) that stated "only
English was legal in public or private schools, in public conversations, on trains, over the telephone, at all meetings, and in all religious services."
[72]
Born:
James Hardy , American surgeon, performed the first lung transplant, in Newala,
Alabama (d.
2003 )
Died:
James Gordon Bennett Jr. , American newspaper mogul, publisher of the
New York Herald (b.
1841 )
May 15 , 1918 (Wednesday)
The
White Guards captured Russian-held
Fort Ino at
Neva Bay ,
Finland , formally ending all fighting in the
Finnish Civil War .
[73]
The
United States Postal Service started the world's third regular
airmail service between
New York City ,
Philadelphia and
Washington, D.C.
Postmaster General
Albert S. Burleson assigned Assistant Post Master General
Otto Praeger additional duties as the first chief of the
United States airmail service , telling Praeger, "The airmail once started must not stop, but must be constantly improved and expanded until it would become, like the steamship and the railroad, a permanent transportation feature of the postal service."
[74]
[75]
The
Royal Air Force established air squadron
No. 145 .
[76]
The
Packard-Le Père aircraft was first flown.
[77]
Construction began on the
Brooklyn Army Terminal in
New York City and would open in September 1919, ten months after
World War I ended.
[78]
Osaka Nomura Bank, as predecessor of
Resona Holdings , a major financial group in
Japan , was founded.
[79]
The football club
Violette was established in
Port-au-Prince ,
Haiti .
[80]
Born:
Eddy Arnold , American country music singer, second best-selling country music artist of all time with over 85 million records, in
Henderson, Tennessee (d.
2008 );
Joseph Wiseman , Canadian actor, best known for
Dr. No in the
first James Bond film , in
Montreal (d.
2009 );
Arthur Jackson , American sharpshooter, bronze medalist at the
1952 Summer Olympics , in
New York City (d.
2015 )
May 16 , 1918 (Thursday)
General
C. G. E. Mannerheim in uniform with an armband showing the
coat of arms of Finland
United States Congress approved the
Sedition Act , which extended the
Espionage Act to cover a broader range of offenses including public speech or expression that cast the
U.S. Government or its war effort in a negative light or interfered with its sale of
war bonds .
[81]
[82]
White Guard commander
Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim held a victory parade in
Helsinki to formally celebrate the end of the
Finnish Civil War .
[83]
The
Imperial German Navy recommissioned the
light cruiser
Stuttgart as a
seaplane tender , the only German seagoing aviation ship capable of working with the fleet commissioned during both world wars.
[84]
The
United States Army established the
Third Corps to support
Allied forces on the
Western Front .
[85]
The
Ukrainian Socialist-Revolutionary Party split into two factions during its fourth congress.
[86]
Ukrinform was established as the national news agency for the
Ukraine , with nationalist leader
Dmytro Dontsov as its first director.
[87]
[88]
Hazel Turner, a black farmer, was
lynched by a white mob in
Lowndes County, Georgia on suspicion for the shooting death of local farmer Hampton Smith, based on the assumption it was because of a public dispute between the two men. Turner's death was one of 13 black men killed by a vigilante mob on behalf of the Smith family.
[89]
The
Shenandoah National Forest was established in the
Appalachian Mountains of the
United States . It was renamed George Washington National Forest in 1932, with the Jefferson National Forest added to the preserve in 1936.
[90]
Born:
Wilf Mannion , English football player,
inside forward for
Middlesbrough from 1936 to 1954, and the
England national football team from 1946 to 1951, in
South Bank ,
North Yorkshire ,
England (d.
2000 )
Died:
Eusapia Palladino , Italian spiritualist, best known for her
séance demonstrations (b.
1854 )
May 17 , 1918 (Friday)
German submarine
SM UC-35 was shelled and sunk in the
Mediterranean Sea by a
French Navy patrol ship with the loss of 20 of her 25 crew.
[91]
The fraternity
Pi Kappa Lambda was established at
Northwestern University in
Evanston, Illinois and became known as a music education fraternity.
[92]
Japanese industrial paint manufacturer
Kansai Paint was established in
Amagasaki ,
Japan .
[93]
The sports
Club Atlético Banco de la Provincia de Buenos Aires was established in Vicente López,
Argentina . It now has sections in
field hockey ,
basketball ,
association football ,
gymnastics ,
golf ,
swimming ,
tennis , and
martial arts .
[94]
Born:
Birgit Nilsson , Swedish opera singer, best known for performances in
Wagner operas for various companies including the
Royal Swedish Opera , in
Västra Karup ,
Sweden (d.
2005 );
Robert Shields , American minister and teacher who became known for writing a diary of 37.5 million words, possibly the longest ever written (d.
2007 )
Died:
William Drew Robeson , American religious leader, minister of the black branch of the First Presbyterian Church of
Princeton , father of singer and actor
Paul Robeson (b.
1844 )
May 18 , 1918 (Saturday)
May 19 , 1918 (Sunday)
French
flying ace
Raoul Lufbery
French
flying ace
Raoul Lufbery was killed when he fell from his plane during a dogfight with a German aircraft. He had 17 confirmed victories at the time of his death.
[100]
Mary Turner, wife to Hazel Turner who was also pregnant, was
lynched and burned to death by a white mob in
Lowndes County, Georgia after speaking out against her husband's lynching three days earlier.
[101]
[102] Despite a state investigation that identified 15 suspects involved in the lynching, no charges were laid.
[103]
U.S. Army
Major Harold M. Clark Jr. and
Sergeant Robert P. Gay make the first inter-island flight in
Hawaii , flying from
Fort Kamehameha on
Oahu to
Maui . They continued on to the
island of Hawaii the same day, where they crashed on the slopes of
Mauna Kea . Uninjured, they wandered on foot for a week before finding help.
[104]
The film drama
Old Wives for New , directed by
Cecil B. DeMille , was released to controversy with its depiction of star
Elliott Dexter actively seeking an adulterous affair. Despite the illicit material, the film became the fifth-highest grossing of the year. Copies of the film survive at the
George Eastman Museum in
Rochester, New York .
[105]
Born:
Abraham Pais , Dutch-American physicist, known for collaborations with
Niels Bohr and
Albert Einstein , in
Amsterdam (d.
2000 );
Edward Blyden , Sierra Leone diplomat, ambassador to the
United Nations , grandson of
Edward Wilmot Blyden , in
Freetown ,
Sierra Leone (d.
2010 )
Died:
Ferdinand Hodler , Swiss painter, member of the
Symbolism movement with works including Night (b.
1853 );
George Bent , Native American soldier, member of the
Cheyenne nation who fought with the
Confederates during the
American Civil War , known for his collaborations with anthropologist
George Bird Grinnell (b.
1843 )
May 20 , 1918 (Monday)
Germany launched the largest, and last, heavier-than-air raid against the
United Kingdom of
World War I , with 38
Gotha and three Riesenfkugzeug bombers participating. The bombers dropped 2,724 pounds (1,236 kg) of bombs according to British estimates or 1,500 kilograms (3,307 pounds) according to the Germans, killing 49 people, injuring 177, and inflicting
£ 117,317 in damage. British fighters and antiaircraft guns shot down six Gothas, and a seventh was forced to land in
England .
Germany had made a total 27 heavier-than-air raids, dropping 111,935 kg (246,774 lbs) of bombs that killed total 835 people, injured 1,972, and inflicted
£ 1,418,272 of damages in exchange for the loss of 62 bombers either shot down or crashed while returning to base.
[106]
The small town of
Codell, Kansas was hit for the third year in a row on the same date by a
tornado , killing 10 people and damaging the town's school, Methodist church, hotel and several residencies. The third tornado proved to be the most damaging to the town's economy and it did not fully recover after the disaster.
[107]
A special
anti-conscription convention was held in
Dublin , where leaders condemned the arrest and deportation of
Sinn Féin leaders
Éamon de Valera and
Arthur Griffith for their alleged involvement in the "
German Plot ".
[108]
The
United States Army Aviation Section separated from
Signal Corps and was divided into the
Division of Military Aeronautics and the Bureau of Aircraft Production.
[109]
Born:
Edward B. Lewis , American geneticist, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the development of
evolutionary developmental biology , in
Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania (d.
2004 );
David Ormsby-Gore , British diplomat, 36th
Ambassador of the United Kingdom to the United States , in
London (d.
1985 );
Piru Singh , Indian army officer, member of the
Rajputana Rifles during the
Indo-Pakistani War , recipient of the
Param Vir Chakra , in
Beri ,
British India (d.
1948 , killed in action)
May 21 , 1918 (Tuesday)
Battle of Sardarabad – An Ottoman army of 13,000 soldiers invaded
Armenia by taking
Sardarabad and advancing on the city of
Yerevan .
[110]
U.S. Navy patrol ship
USS Christabel damaged German submarine
SM UC-56 when it attempted to attack a British merchant ship it was escorting in the
Atlantic Ocean off the coast of
Spain .
[111]
A fire destroyed an airplane manufacturing plant owned by
Fowler Airplane Corporation in
San Francisco , destroying 15 aircraft models and costing somewhere between $250,000 and $1 million in damages.
[112]
[113]
Born:
Lloyd Hartman Elliott , American academic, president of
George Washington University from 1965 to 1988, in
Clay County, West Virginia (d.
2013 );
Robin McNair , British air force officer, commander of the
No. 247 ,
No. 74 Squadrons and
No. 124 Wing during
World War II , recipient of the
Distinguished Flying Cross , in
Rio de Janeiro (d.
1996 );
Karl Schwanzer , Austrian architect, designer of the
21er Haus and
BMW Headquarters buildings, in
Vienna (d.
1975 )
May 22 , 1918 (Wednesday)
Battle of Sardarabad – The Armenian Army Corps of 9,000 men managed to force the Ottomans back to regroup at the
Araks River .
[114]
Battle of Abaran – An Armenian force of 1,000 riflemen halted the Ottoman advance towards
Hamamlu at the
Bash Abaran in
Armenia .
[115]
Axeman of New Orleans – Joseph Maggio, an Italian grocer in
New Orleans , and his wife Catherine were murdered in their own home while sleeping. The killer cut both of their throats with a razor and bludgeoned them with an axe. Joseph survived long enough to be found by his brothers to report the attack. It set off a string of similar murders that terrorized the city until 1919 when the murder spree stopped. None of the serial murders have been solved.
[116]
The
Handley Page aircraft was first flown.
[117]
Born:
Lude Check , Canadian
ice hockey player,
left winger for the
Detroit Red Wings and
Chicago Blackhawks from
1943 to
1951 , in
Brandon, Manitoba (d.
2009 );
John C. Haas , American business executive, chairman of
Rohm and Haas from 1974 to 1978, in
Haverford, Pennsylvania (d.
2011 )
May 23 , 1918 (Thursday)
Costa Rica declared war on
Germany .
[118]
[119]
Royal Navy
troopship
RMS Moldavia was torpedoed and sunk in the
English Channel by German submarine
SM UB-57 with the loss of 56 lives.
[120]
German submarine
SM UB-52 was torpedoed and sunk in the
Strait of Otranto by
Royal Navy submarine
HMS H4 with all hands lost.
[121]
British passenger ship
Innisfallen was torpedoed and sunk in the
Irish Sea by German submarine
SM UB-64 with the loss of 10 lives.
[122]
The
U.S. government approved the temporary assignment of U.S. air service cadets undergoing training to the
Royal Italian Army 's
Military Aviation Corps so they could complete their tactical training with assignments to Italian bomber squadrons during combat operations, and with the right to transfer them to American units at any time.
[123]
The
Ukrainian Navy established its own
infantry .
[124]
Born:
Frank Mancuso , American major league baseball player and politician,
catcher for the
St. Louis Browns and
Washington Senators from 1944 to 1947, member of
Houston City Council from 1963 to 1994, in
Houston (d.
2007 );
Walter Jackson Bate , American literary critic, recipient of the
Pulitzer Prize for the biographies of
John Keats in 1964 and
Samuel Johnson in 1978, in
Mankato, Minnesota (d.
1999 );
Denis Compton , English cricketer, batsman and
bowler for Middlesex from 1936 to 1958, the
Marylebone Cricket Club from 1936 to 1964 and the
England cricket team from 1937 to 1957, in
Hendon ,
England (d.
1997 )
Died:
Mariano Ponce , Filipino politician, one of the founders of the news organization
La Solidaridad (b.
1863 );
Gerard Noel , British naval officer, leading naval commander in the
Second Anglo-Ashanti War , recipient of the
Order of the Bath and
Order of St Michael and St George (b.
1845 )
May 24 , 1918 (Friday)
Battle of Sardarabad – The Armenian Army Corps failed in their attempts to dislodge the Ottomans from their defensive positions around
Araks River .
[125]
Canadian women obtained the right to vote in federal elections. However, women identified as
Status Indian were not given voting rights until 1960.
[126]
U.S. President
Woodrow Wilson issued an
executive order to establish the
United States Army Air Service to replace the
Aviation Section of the
U.S. Signal Corps . The Bureau of Aircraft Production and the
Division of Military Aeronautics was also established to develop military aircraft the new air force.
[127]
[128]
The Red Air Fleet was established, the predecessor of the
Soviet Air Forces .
[129]
József Kiss ,
Austria-Hungary 's fifth-highest-scoring ace, was shot down and killed in combat. He had scored 19 victories.
[130]
The
Confederación Sudamericana de Atletismo was established as the governing body for athletics in
South America .
[131]
Composer
Béla Bartók premiered his opera
Bluebeard's Castle at the
Royal Hungarian Opera House in
Budapest .
[132]
The football club
Piteå was established in
Piteå ,
Sweden . Its women's division plays in
Damallsvenskan , the highest women's
association football league in
Sweden , while the men's plays in
Division 2 .
[133]
Born:
Peter J. Brennan , American public servant, 13th
United States Secretary of Labor , in
New York City (d.
1996 );
Jack Wrather , American business executive and television producer, known for classic 1950s television shows including
The Lone Ranger ,
Sergeant Preston of the Yukon , and
Lassie , in
Amarillo, Texas (d.
1984 );
Coleman Young , American politician, 66th
Mayor of Detroit , first African-American mayor of
Detroit , in
Tuscaloosa, Alabama (d.
1997 )
May 25 , 1918 (Saturday)
Battle of Karakilisa – An Ottoman force of 10,000 soldiers marched on
Karakilisa ,
Armenia where it met an Armenian force of 6,000 militia.
[134]
Battle of Abaran – After three days of fierce fighting, the Armenians counterattacked Ottoman forces at the
Bash Abaran in
Armenia .
[135]
The
Ministry of Foreign Affairs was established for the
Democratic Republic of Georgia .
[136]
The
Czechoslovak Communist Party was established in
Moscow as a sort of government in exile until the Czechoslovak region gained independence from the
Central Powers .
[137]
[138]
James Joyce 's
Exiles: a play in three acts was published in London.
[139]
Born:
Fredrik Kayser , Norwegian army officer, member of the
Norwegian Independent Company 1 during
World War II , recipient of the
St. Olav's Medal with Oak Branch ,
Military Medal and
Legion of Honour (d.
2009 )
Died:
William Pitt , Australian architect, designer of major landmarks in
Melbourne including the
Queens Bridge (b.
1855 )
May 26 , 1918 (Sunday)
May 27 , 1918 (Monday)
German spring offensive – German forces launched the third stage of their offensive against the
Allies on the
Western Front with Operation Blücher-Yorck, beginning with the attack on
Aisne River in
France . Taking advantage of thinly spread out defenses, the Germans advanced through a 40 km (25 mi) gap in the Allied line, punched through eight Allied divisions between
Reims and
Soissons , and gained another 15 km to the
Vesle River by nightfall.
[143]
Battle of Sardarabad – An Armenian force attacked the Ottoman Army from the rear while the main group pounded its front defenses, inflicting 3,500 casualties and forcing the Ottoman command to order a retreat.
[144]
The
Azerbaijani National Council was established as the governing body of
Azerbaijan Democratic Republic .
[145]
Born:
Yasuhiro Nakasone , Japanese state leader, 45th
Prime Minister of Japan , in
Takasaki ,
Japan (d.
2019 );
Frank Balistrieri , American gangster, boss of the
Milwaukee crime family from 1961 to 1983, in
Milwaukee (d.
1993 )
Died:
Frederick Trump , German-American business leader, founder of
The Trump Organization , grandfather to
Donald Trump (b.
1869 );
Robert A. Little , Australian air force officer, commander of the
No. 208 and
No. 203 Squadrons , recipient of the
Distinguished Service Order ,
Distinguished Service Cross and
Croix de guerre (killed in action) (b.
1895 )
May 28 , 1918 (Tuesday)
Armenia and
Azerbaijan both declared independence.
[146]
[147]
[148]
Germany and
Georgia signed a
treaty at the
Black Sea port of
Poti , which was to guarantee Germany would protect Georgia's sovereignty from the growing
Soviet Russia .
[149]
Battle of Karakilisa – Ottoman forces failed to break out of
Karakilisa ,
Armenia and subsequently retreated.
[150]
Battle of Cantigny – The first military engagement for Americans occurred when the
1st Infantry Division attacked and captured the German-held village of
Cantigny ,
France . American casualties were 1,603 while the Germans had 1,400 casualties and 250 captured.
[151]
[152]
The
Ministry of Foreign Affairs for the government of
Azerbaijan was established.
[153]
The city of
Manteca, California was established.
[154]
The sports club
Ottestad was established in
Ottestad ,
Norway . It now offers
association football ,
handball ,
cross-country skiing and
cycling .
[155]
The film romantic comedy
Bound in Morocco , starring
Douglas Fairbanks and directed by Allan Dawn, was released through
Famous Players–Lasky , becoming one of the top 10 grossing films of the year and the second hit for Fairbanks.
[156]
[157]
Born:
Johnny Wayne , Canadian comedian, member of the popular comedic duo
Wayne and Shuster , in
Toronto (d.
1990 );
John Birch , American army officer and missionary, recipient of the
U.S. Army Distinguished Service Medal and two-time recipient of the
Legion of Merit , namesake for the
John Birch Society , in
Landour ,
British India (d.
1945 , killed in action);
John McKeithen , American politician, 49th
Governor of Louisiana , in
Grayson, Louisiana (d.
1999 )
May 29 , 1918 (Wednesday)
May 30 , 1918 (Thursday)
The
Kuban Soviet Republic and
Black Sea Soviet Republic merged into one
Soviet republic .
[160]
Third Battle of the Aisne – German forces advanced on
Paris , capturing 50,000 Allied soldiers and over 800 guns.
[161]
Battle of Skra-di-Legen – Greek forces captured the Bulgarian fort at
Skra ,
Greece , taking 2,045 prisoners and inflicting 600 casualties.
Allied casualties were 441 killed, 2,227 wounded and 164 missing.
[162]
Birmingham College in
Birmingham and Southern University in
Greensboro, Alabama merged to become
Birmingham–Southern College .
[163]
The
American Expeditionary Forces set up a second set of military hospitals in
Châtel-Guyon ,
France , with
Hospital No. 20 serving up to 2,000 wounded American soldiers.
[164]
The movie house
Rialto Theater opened to the public in
Omaha, Nebraska .
[165]
Born:
Martin Lundström , Swedish Olympic cross-country skier, two-time gold medalist at the
1948 Winter Olympics and bronze medalist at the
1952 Winter Olympics , in Tvärliden,
Sweden (d.
2016 )
Died:
Georgi Plekhanov , Russian philosopher, one of the first philosophers to adopt
Marxism (b.
1856 )
May 31 , 1918 (Friday)
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Robert A. Siegel . 2007-11-14. Retrieved 2014-11-13 .
^ Saparov, Arsène (2015), From Conflict to Autonomy in the Caucasus: The Soviet Union and the making of Abkhazia, South Ossetia and Nagorno Karabakh , New York City: Routledge, p. 43
^ (in Polish) Jacek Woyno,
MATERIAŁY ARCHIWALNE DO DZIEJÓW POLSKICH FORMACJI WOJSKOWYCH W ROSJI (19141920)
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"Sant Anna" . Uboat.net. Retrieved 20 December 2012 .
^ Helgason, Guðmundur.
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^
"1918 Kentucky Derby Results Tables" (PDF) . Archived from
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^
History of CUBA on club's website
^
"UB 72" . Uboat.net. Retrieved 12 November 2012 .
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^ Rodolfo Rodrigues (2009). Escudos dos Times do Mundo Inteiro . Panda Books. p. 77.
^ Anonymous, "Today in History," The Washington Post Express , May 13, 2013, p. 26
^
"UB 114" . Uboat.net. Retrieved 15 November 2012 .
^ Avec les chars d'assaut Marcel Fourier. Hachette, 1919 (Témoins), pp. 308-310)
^ Katharine M. Rogers, L. Frank Baum: Creator of Oz, New York, St. Martin's Press, 2002; pp. 230-1.
^
Progressive Silent Film List: Huck and Tom at silentera.com
^
The AFI Catalog of Feature Films: Huck and Tom
^
"Progressive Silent Film List: Moonshine " . silentera.com . Retrieved February 26, 2008 .
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^
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^ Royal Canadian Legion Branch # 138.
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^
"Uncle Sam Pay Roll $200,000 A Week at Bay Ridge War Base" . Brooklyn Daily Eagle . August 25, 1918. p. 15. Retrieved August 20, 2018 – via Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com.
^
ja:大阪野村銀行#沿革 (Japanese language edition) Retrieved on May 27, 2020.
^
Haiti Reference: Le Football Haitien: Équipes et Clubs
^ Kennedy, David M., Over Here: The First World War and American Society (NY: Oxford University Press, 2004), p. 80
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^
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Government of Ukraine (March 2, 2005)
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