From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Day of the year
February 7 is the 38th day of the year in the
Gregorian calendar ; 327 days remain until the end of the year (328 in
leap years ).
Events
Pre-1600
1601–1900
1756 –
Guaraní War : The leader of the
Guaraní rebels,
Sepé Tiaraju , is killed in a skirmish with Spanish and Portuguese troops.
[7]
1783 –
American Revolutionary War : French and Spanish forces lift the
Great Siege of Gibraltar .
[8]
1795 – The
11th Amendment to the
United States Constitution is
ratified .
1807 –
Napoleonic Wars : Napoleon finds
Bennigsen's Russian forces taking a stand at
Eylau . After bitter fighting, the French take the town, but the Russians resume the battle the next day.
1812 – The strongest in
a series of earthquakes strikes
New Madrid, Missouri .
[9]
1813 – In the
action of 7 February 1813 near the
Îles de Los , the
frigates
Aréthuse and
Amelia batter each other, but neither can gain the upper hand.
1819 – Sir
Thomas Stamford Raffles leaves
Singapore after just taking it over, leaving it in the hands of
William Farquhar .
1842 –
Battle of Debre Tabor : Ras
Ali Alula , Regent of the
Emperor of Ethiopia defeats warlord
Wube Haile Maryam of Semien.
1854 – A law is approved to found the
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology . Lectures started October 16, 1855.
1863 –
HMS Orpheus sinks off the coast of
Auckland , New Zealand, killing 189.
1894 – The
Cripple Creek miner's strike , led by the
Western Federation of Miners , begins in
Cripple Creek, Colorado , United States.
[10]
1898 –
Dreyfus affair :
Émile Zola is brought to trial for
libel for publishing
J'Accuse...!
[11]
1900 –
Second Boer War :
British troops fail in their
third attempt to lift the
Siege of Ladysmith .
1900 – A Chinese immigrant in San Francisco falls ill to
bubonic plague in the
first plague epidemic in the continental United States .
[12]
1901–present
1904 – The
Great Baltimore Fire begins in
Baltimore, Maryland ;
[13] it destroys over 1,500 buildings in 30 hours.
1940 – The second full-length animated
Walt Disney film,
Pinocchio , premieres.
[14]
1943 –
World War II :
Imperial Japanese Navy forces complete the evacuation of
Imperial Japanese Army troops from
Guadalcanal during
Operation Ke , ending Japanese attempts to retake the island from
Allied forces in the
Guadalcanal Campaign .
1944 – World War II: In
Anzio , Italy, German forces launch a counteroffensive during the Allied
Operation Shingle .
1951 –
Korean War : More than 700 suspected communist sympathizers
are massacred by
South Korean forces .
1962 – The United States
bans all
Cuban imports and exports.
1964 –
The Beatles land in the United States for the first time, at the newly renamed
John F. Kennedy International Airport .
[15]
1966 – The
Great Fire of Iloilo breaks out in a lumber yard in Iznart Street and burns for almost half a day destroying nearly three-quarters of the
City Proper area and Php 50 million pesos in total properties' damage.
[16]
[17]
[18]
1974 –
Grenada gains independence from the United Kingdom.
[19]
1979 –
Pluto moves inside
Neptune 's orbit for the first time since either was discovered.
1981 – A
plane crash at
Pushkin Airport kills 50 people, including 16 members of the
Pacific Fleet .
[20]
1984 –
Space Shuttle program :
STS-41-B Mission: astronauts
Bruce McCandless II and
Robert L. Stewart make the first untethered
space walk using the
Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU).
[21]
1986 – Twenty-eight years of one-family rule end in
Haiti , when President
Jean-Claude Duvalier flees the
Caribbean nation.
1990 –
Dissolution of the Soviet Union : The
Central Committee of the
Soviet Communist Party agrees to give up its monopoly on power.
1991 –
Haiti 's first democratically elected president,
Jean-Bertrand Aristide , is sworn in.
1991 –
The Troubles : The
Provisional IRA launches
a mortar attack on
10 Downing Street in London, the headquarters of the British government.
1992 – The
Maastricht Treaty is signed, leading to the creation of the
European Union .
[22]
1995 –
Ramzi Yousef , the mastermind of the
1993 World Trade Center bombing , is arrested in
Islamabad, Pakistan .
1999 –
Crown Prince Abdullah becomes the King of
Jordan on the death of his father, King
Hussein .
[23]
2001 – Space Shuttle program:
Space Shuttle Atlantis is launched on mission
STS-98 , carrying the
Destiny laboratory module to the
International Space Station .
[24]
2009 –
Bushfires in Victoria leave 173 dead in the worst natural disaster in Australia's history.
2012 – President
Mohamed Nasheed of the
Republic of Maldives resigns, after 23 days of anti-governmental protests calling for the release of the Chief Judge unlawfully arrested by the military.
2013 – The U.S. state of
Mississippi officially certifies the
Thirteenth Amendment , becoming the last state to approve the abolition of
slavery . The Thirteenth Amendment was formally ratified by Mississippi in 1995.
2014 – Scientists announce that the
Happisburgh footprints in
Norfolk , England, date back to more than 800,000 years ago, making them the oldest known hominid footprints outside Africa.
[25]
2016 – North Korea launches
Kwangmyŏngsŏng-4 into outer space violating multiple UN treaties and prompting condemnation from around the world.
2021 – The
2021 Uttarakhand flood begins.
[26]
2024 - Pakistan election offices hit by twin bombings, killing at least 24 people a day before
general elections.
[27]
Births
Pre-1600
1601–1900
1612 –
Thomas Killigrew , English playwright and manager (d. 1683)
[34]
1622 –
Vittoria della Rovere , Italian noble (d. 1694)
[35]
1693 – Empress
Anna of Russia (d. 1740)
[36]
1722 –
Azar Bigdeli , Iranian anthologist and poet (d. 1781)
[37]
[38]
1726 –
Margaret Fownes-Luttrell , English painter (d. 1766)
[39]
1741 –
Henry Fuseli , Swiss-English painter and academic (d. 1825)
[40]
1758 –
Benedikt Schack , Czech tenor and composer (d. 1826)
[41]
1796 –
Thomas Gregson , English-Australian lawyer and politician, 2nd
Premier of Tasmania (baptism date;
[42] d. 1874)
1802 –
Louisa Jane Hall , American poet, essayist, and literary critic (d. 1892)
[43]
1804 –
John Deere , American blacksmith and businessman, founded
Deere & Company (d. 1886)
[44]
1812 –
Charles Dickens , English novelist and critic (d. 1870)
[45]
1825 –
Karl Möbius , German zoologist and ecologist (d. 1908)
[46]
1834 –
Alfred-Philibert Aldrophe , French architect (d. 1895)
1837 –
James Murray , Scottish lexicographer and philologist (d. 1915)
[47]
1864 –
Arthur Collins , American baritone singer (d. 1933)
1867 –
Laura Ingalls Wilder , American author (d. 1957)
[48]
1870 –
Alfred Adler , Austrian-Scottish psychologist and therapist (d. 1937)
1871 –
Wilhelm Stenhammar , Swedish pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1927)
1873 –
Thomas Andrews , Irish shipbuilder and businessman, designed the
RMS Titanic (d. 1912)
[49]
1875 –
Erkki Melartin , Finnish composer (d. 1937)
[50]
1877 –
G. H. Hardy , English mathematician and geneticist (d. 1947)
1878 –
Ossip Gabrilowitsch , Russian-American pianist and conductor (d. 1936)
1885 –
Sinclair Lewis , American novelist, short-story writer, and playwright,
Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1951)
1885 –
Hugo Sperrle , German field marshal (d. 1953)
1887 –
Eubie Blake , American pianist and composer (d. 1983)
1889 –
Harry Nyquist , Swedish-American engineer and theorist (d. 1976)
1893 –
Joseph Algernon Pearce , Canadian astrophysicist and astronomer (d. 1988)
1893 –
Nicanor Abelardo , Filipino pianist, composer and teacher (d. 1934)
[51]
1895 –
Anita Stewart , American actress (d. 1961)
1901–present
1901 –
Arnold Nordmeyer , New Zealand minister and politician, 30th
New Zealand Minister of Finance (d. 1989)
1904 –
Ernest E. Debs , American politician (d. 2002)
1905 –
Paul Nizan , French philosopher and author (d. 1940)
1905 –
Ulf von Euler , Swedish physiologist and academic,
Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1983)
[52]
1906 –
Oleg Antonov , Soviet engineer, founded the
Antonov Design Bureau (d. 1984)
[53]
1906 –
Puyi , Chinese emperor (d. 1967)
1908 –
Buster Crabbe , American swimmer and actor (d. 1983)
1908 –
Manmath Nath Gupta , Indian journalist and author (d. 2000)
1909 –
Hélder Câmara , Brazilian archbishop (d. 1999)
1909 –
Amedeo Guillet , Italian soldier (d. 2010)
1912 –
Russell Drysdale , English-Australian painter (d. 1981)
1912 –
Roberta McCain , American socialite and oil heiress (d. 2020)
[54]
1915 –
Teoctist Arăpașu , Romanian patriarch (d. 2007)
1915 –
Eddie Bracken , American actor and singer (d. 2002)
1916 –
Frank Hyde , Australian rugby league player, coach, and sportscaster (d. 2007)
1919 –
Desmond Doss , American army corporal and combat medic,
Medal of Honor recipient (d. 2006)
[55]
1919 –
Jock Mahoney , American actor and stuntman (d. 1989)
1920 –
Oscar Brand , Canadian-American singer-songwriter and author (d. 2016)
1920 –
An Wang , Chinese-American engineer and businessman, founded
Wang Laboratories (d. 1990)
1921 –
Athol Rowan , South African cricketer (d. 1998)
1922 –
Hattie Jacques , English actress (d. 1980)
1923 –
Dora Bryan , English actress and restaurateur (d. 2014)
1925 –
Hans Schmidt , Canadian wrestler (d. 2012)
1926 –
Konstantin Feoktistov , Russian engineer and astronaut (d. 2009)
1927 –
Juliette Gréco , French singer and actress (d. 2020)
[56]
1927 –
Vladimir Kuts , Ukrainian-Russian runner and coach (d. 1975)
1927 –
Lalo Ríos , Mexican actor (d. 1973)
[57]
1928 –
Lincoln D. Faurer , American general (d. 2014)
1929 –
Jim Langley , English international footballer and manager (d. 2007)
[58]
1932 –
Gay Talese , American journalist and memoirist
[55]
1932 –
Alfred Worden , American colonel, pilot, and astronaut (d. 2020)
1933 –
K. N. Choksy , Sri Lankan lawyer and politician,
Sri Lankan Minister of Finance (d. 2015)
1934 –
Eddie Fenech Adami , Maltese lawyer and politician, 7th
President of Malta
1934 –
King Curtis , American saxophonist and producer (d. 1971)
1934 –
Earl King , American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (d. 2003)
[59]
1935 –
Cliff Jones , Welsh international footballer
[60]
1935 –
Herb Kohl , American businessman and politician (d. 2023)
1935 –
Jörg Schneider , Swiss actor and author (d. 2015)
1936 –
Jas Gawronski , Italian journalist and politician
1937 –
Peter Jay , English economist, journalist, and diplomat,
British Ambassador to the United States
1937 –
Juan Pizarro , Puerto Rican baseball player (d. 2021)
1940 –
Tony Tan , Singaporean academic and politician, 7th
President of Singapore
[61]
1942 –
Gareth Hunt , English actor (d. 2007)
[62]
1943 –
Eric Foner , American historian, author, and academic
1945 –
Gerald Davies , Welsh rugby player and journalist
1946 –
Héctor Babenco , Argentinian-Brazilian director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2016)
1946 –
Gérard Jean-Juste , Haitian priest and activist (d. 2009)
1946 –
Pete Postlethwaite , English actor (d. 2011)
[55]
1949 –
Jacques Duchesneau , Canadian police officer and politician
1949 –
Alan Lancaster , English Australian bass player singer and songwriter Status Quo (d. 2022)
1950 –
Karen Joy Fowler , American author
1953 –
Robert Brazile , American football player
[63]
1954 –
Dieter Bohlen , German singer-songwriter and producer
1955 –
Rolf Benirschke , American football player and game show host
1955 –
Miguel Ferrer , American actor and director (d. 2017)
[55]
1956 –
John Nielsen , Danish racing driver
1956 –
Mark St. John , American guitarist (d. 2007)
1957 –
Dámaso García , Dominican baseball player and footballer (d. 2020)
[64]
1958 –
Giuseppe Baresi , Italian footballer and manager
1958 –
Terry Marsh , English boxer and politician
1958 –
Matt Ridley , English journalist, author, and politician
[65]
1959 –
Mick McCarthy , English footballer, manager, and sportscaster
1960 –
Robert Smigel , American actor, producer, and screenwriter
[66]
1960 –
James Spader , American actor and producer
[66]
1962 –
Garth Brooks , American singer-songwriter and guitarist
[67]
1962 –
David Bryan , American keyboard player and songwriter
[66]
1962 –
Eddie Izzard , English comedian, actor, and producer
[55]
1963 –
Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper , American Naval officer and astronaut
1964 –
Ashok Banker , Indian journalist, author, and screenwriter
1965 –
Chris Rock , American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
[66]
1966 –
Kristin Otto , German swimmer
1968 –
Peter Bondra , Ukrainian-Slovak ice hockey player and manager
1968 –
Sully Erna , American singer-songwriter and musician
[68]
1968 –
Mark Tewksbury , Canadian swimmer and sportscaster
1969 –
Andrew Micallef , Maltese painter and musician
[69]
1971 –
Anita Tsoy , Russian singer-songwriter
1972 –
Essence Atkins , American actress
[66]
1972 –
Robyn Lively , American actress
[55]
1973 –
Juwan Howard , American basketball player and coach
1974 –
J Dilla , American rapper and producer (d. 2006)
1974 –
Steve Nash , South African-Canadian basketball player
1974 –
Nujabes , Japanese record producer, DJ, composer and arranger (d. 2010)
1975 –
Wes Borland , American singer-songwriter and guitarist
[66]
1975 –
Miriam Corowa , Australian journalist, television presenter and producer
[70]
1975 –
Alexandre Daigle , Canadian ice hockey player
1975 –
Rémi Gaillard , French comedian and actor
1976 –
Chito Miranda , Filipino singer-songwriter
1977 –
Tsuneyasu Miyamoto , Japanese footballer
1978 –
David Aebischer , Swiss ice hockey player
1978 –
Endy Chávez , Venezuelan baseball player
1978 –
Ashton Kutcher , American model, actor, producer, and entrepreneur
[71]
1978 –
Milt Palacio , American-Belizean basketball player and coach
[72]
1978 –
Daniel Van Buyten , Belgian footballer
1979 –
Daniel Bierofka , German footballer and coach
1979 –
Tawakkol Karman , Yemeni journalist and activist,
Nobel Prize laureate
[73]
1979 –
Sam J. Miller , American author
[74]
1980 –
Dalibor Bagarić , Croatian basketball player
[75]
1981 –
Neto , Brazilian footballer
1981 –
Lee Ok-sung , South Korean boxer
1982 –
Mohammed Bijeh , Iranian serial killer (d. 2006)
[76]
1982 –
Osamu Mukai , Japanese actor
1982 –
Mickaël Piétrus , French basketball player
1983 –
Scott Feldman , American baseball player
[77]
1983 –
Sho Kamogawa , Japanese footballer
1983 –
Federico Marchetti , Italian footballer
1984 –
Trey Hardee , American decathlete
1984 –
Jeremy Meeks American model and actor
[78]
1985 –
Josh Hennessy , American ice hockey player
[79]
1985 –
Bernard James , American basketball player
[80]
1985 –
Tina Majorino , American actress
[66]
1985 –
Deborah Ann Woll , American actress
[81]
1987 –
Joel Freeland , English basketball player
[82]
1988 –
Ai Kago , Japanese singer and actress
1988 –
Matthew Stafford , American football player
[83]
1989 –
Nick Calathes , American-Greek basketball player
1989 –
Isaiah Thomas , American basketball player
[84]
1989 –
Elia Viviani , Italian cyclist
1990 –
Morris Claiborne , American football player
[85]
1990 –
Jacksepticeye , Irish
YouTuber
[86]
1990 –
Gianluca Lapadula , Italian footballer
1990 –
Dalilah Muhammad , American hurdler
[87]
1990 –
Steven Stamkos , Canadian ice hockey player
1991 –
Gabbie Hanna , American Internet personality and singer-songwriter
[88]
1991 –
Ryan O'Reilly , Canadian ice hockey player
[89]
1991 –
Richard Pánik , Slovak ice hockey player
[90]
1992 –
Sergi Roberto , Spanish footballer
1992 –
Ksenia Stolbova , Russian figure skater
[91]
1992 –
Maimi Yajima , Japanese singer and actress
1993 –
Javon Hargrave , American football player
[92]
1993 –
Chris Mears , English diver
[93]
1994 –
Riley Barber , American ice hockey player
[94]
1994 –
Nathan Walker , Welsh-Australian ice hockey player
[95]
1995 –
Tom Glynn-Carney , English actor and musician
[55]
1995 –
Roberto Osuna , Mexican baseball player
[96]
1996 –
Aaron Ekblad , Canadian ice hockey player
[97]
1996 –
Pierre Gasly , French racing driver
[98]
1997 –
Nicolò Barella , Italian footballer
1997 –
Anhelina Kalinina , Ukrainian tennis player
[99]
1999 –
Omar Marmoush , Egyptian footballer
[100]
2001 –
R. J. Hampton , American basketball player
[101]
2003 –
Alessandro Fontanarosa , Italian footballer
[102]
Deaths
Pre-1600
199 –
Lü Bu , Chinese warlord
[103]
318 –
Jin Mindi , emperor of the
Jin Dynasty (b. 300)
999 –
Boleslaus II the Pious , Duke of Bohemia (b. 932)
1045 –
Emperor Go-Suzaku of Japan (b. 1009)
1065 –
Siegfried I, Count of Sponheim (b. c. 1010)
1127 –
Ava , German poet (b. 1060)
1165 – Marshal
Stephen of Armenia
1259 –
Thomas, Count of Flanders
1317 –
Robert, Count of Clermont (b. 1256)
1320 –
Jan Muskata , Bishop of Kraków (b. 1250)
1333 –
Nikko , Japanese priest, founder of
Nichiren Shoshu Buddhism (b. 1246)
1520 –
Alfonsina de' Medici , Regent of Florence (b. 1472)
1560 –
Bartolommeo Bandinelli , Florentine sculptor (b. 1493)
1601–1900
1603 –
Bartholomäus Sastrow , German politician (b. 1520)
1623 –
Thomas Cecil, 1st Earl of Exeter , English soldier and politician,
Lord Lieutenant of Northamptonshire (b. 1546)
[104]
1626 –
William V, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1548)
[105]
1642 –
William Bedell , English bishop and academic (b. 1571)
[106]
1693 –
Paul Pellisson , French lawyer and author (b. 1624)
[107]
1736 –
Stephen Gray , English astronomer and physicist (b. 1666)
[108]
1779 –
William Boyce , English organist and composer (b. 1711)
[109]
1799 –
Qianlong Emperor of China (b. 1711)
1801 –
Daniel Chodowiecki , Polish-German painter and academic (b. 1726)
[110]
1819 –
August Wilhelm Hupel , German-Estonian linguist and author (b. 1737)
1823 –
Ann Radcliffe , English author (b. 1764)
[111]
1837 –
Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden (b. 1778)
1849 –
Mariano Paredes , Mexican general and 16th president (1845-1846) (b. 1797)
[112]
1862 –
Francisco de Paula Martínez de la Rosa y Berdejo , Spanish playwright and politician,
Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1787)
1864 –
Vuk Karadžić , Serbian philologist and linguist (b. 1787)
1871 –
Henry E. Steinway , German-American businessman, founded
Steinway & Sons (b. 1797)
[113]
1873 –
Sheridan Le Fanu , Irish author (b. 1814)
[114]
1878 –
Pope Pius IX (b. 1792)
[115]
1891 –
Marie Louise Andrews , American story writer and journalist (b. 1849)
1897 –
Galileo Ferraris , Italian physicist and engineer (b. 1847)
[116]
1901–present
1919 –
William Halford , English-American lieutenant,
Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1841)
1920 –
Alexander Kolchak , Russian admiral and explorer (b. 1874)
1920 –
Charles Langelier , Canadian journalist, judge, and politician (b. 1850)
1921 –
John J. Gardner , American politician (b. 1845)
1937 –
Elihu Root , American lawyer and politician, 38th
United States Secretary of State ,
Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1845)
1938 –
Harvey Samuel Firestone , American businessman, founded the
Firestone Tire and Rubber Company (b. 1868)
1939 –
Boris Grigoriev , Russian painter and illustrator (b. 1886)
1940 –
James McCormick (Irish republican) , Executed
Irish Republican (b. 1910)
[117]
1940 –
Peter Barnes (Irish republican) , Executed
Irish Republican (b. 1907)
[118]
1942 –
Ivan Bilibin , Russian illustrator and stage designer (b. 1876)
1944 –
Lina Cavalieri , Italian soprano and actress (b. 1874)
1959 –
Nap Lajoie , American baseball player and manager (b. 1874)
1959 –
Daniel François Malan , South African minister and politician, 5th
Prime Minister of South Africa (b. 1874)
1959 –
Guitar Slim , American singer and guitarist (b. 1926)
1960 –
Igor Kurchatov , Russian physicist and academic (b. 1903)
1963 –
Learco Guerra , Italian cyclist and manager (b. 1902)
1964 –
Sofoklis Venizelos , Greek captain and politician, 133rd
Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1894)
1968 –
Nick Adams , American actor and screenwriter (b. 1931)
1972 –
Walter Lang , American director and screenwriter (b. 1896)
1979 –
Josef Mengele , German
SS officer and physician (b. 1911)
1986 –
Cheikh Anta Diop , Senegalese historian, anthropologist, and physicist (b. 1923)
1990 –
Alan Perlis , American computer scientist and academic (b. 1922)
1990 –
Alfredo M. Santos , Filipino general (b. 1905)
1991 –
Amos Yarkoni , Israeli colonel (b. 1920)
1994 –
Witold Lutosławski , Polish composer and conductor (b. 1913)
[119]
1999 –
King Hussein of Jordan (b. 1935)
1999 –
Bobby Troup , American actor, pianist, and composer (b. 1918)
2000 –
Doug Henning , Canadian magician and politician (b. 1947)
2001 –
Anne Morrow Lindbergh , American author and pilot (b. 1906)
2003 –
Augusto Monterroso , Guatemalan author (b. 1921)
2005 –
Atli Dam , Faroese engineer and politician, 5th
Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (b. 1932)
2006 –
Princess Durru Shehvar of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1914)
2009 –
Blossom Dearie , American singer and pianist (b. 1924)
2010 –
Franco Ballerini , Italian cyclist and coach (b. 1964)
2012 –
Harry Keough , American soccer player and coach (b. 1927)
[120]
2013 –
Krsto Papić , Croatian director and screenwriter (b. 1933)
2014 –
Doug Mohns , Canadian-American ice hockey player (b. 1933)
[121]
2015 –
Billy Casper , American golfer (b. 1931)
[122]
2015 –
Marshall Rosenberg , American psychologist and author (b. 1934)
2015 –
Dean Smith , American basketball player and coach (b. 1931)
[123]
2015 –
John C. Whitehead , American banker and politician, 9th
United States Deputy Secretary of State (b. 1922)
2017 –
Richard Hatch , American actor (b. 1945)
[124]
2017 –
Hans Rosling , Swedish academic (b. 1948)
[125]
2017 –
Tzvetan Todorov , Bulgarian philosopher (b. 1939)
[126]
2019 –
John Dingell , American politician (b. 1926)
[127]
2019 –
Albert Finney , English actor (b. 1936)
[128]
2019 –
Jan Olszewski , Polish politician, 3rd
Prime Minister (b. 1930)
[129]
2019 –
Frank Robinson , American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1935)
[130]
2020 –
Li Wenliang , Chinese ophthalmologist who initially warned about COVID-19 (b. 1986)
[131]
Holidays and observances
References
^ Grierson, Philip (1992).
Catalogue of Late Roman Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection: From Arcadius and Honorius to the Accession of Anastasius . Dumbarton Oaks. p. 161.
ISBN
978-0-88402-193-3 .
Archived from the original on 2020-08-01. Retrieved 2019-01-29 .
^
Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage . Debrett's Peerage Limited. 2011.
ISBN
978-1-870520-73-7 .
Archived from the original on 2020-08-01. Retrieved 2019-01-29 .
^
Royal Historical Commission of Burma (1832).
Hmannan Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2003 ed.). Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar. p. 370.
^
"Historia" [History]. Ulvila.fi (in Finnish).
Archived from the original on February 7, 2022. Retrieved February 7, 2022 .
^
"Suomen kaupungit keskiajalla" [Finnish cities in the Middle Ages]. Katajala.net (in Finnish).
Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved February 7, 2022 .
^ Deimling, Barbara (2000).
Sandro Botticelli . Taschen. p. 99.
ISBN
978-3-8228-5992-6 .
Archived from the original on 2020-08-01. Retrieved 2019-02-04 .
^ J., Reiter, Frederick (1995). They built Utopia : the Jesuit missions in Paraguay, 1610-1768 . Potomac, Md.: Scripta Humanistica. p. 194.
ISBN
1882528115 .
OCLC
32427398 . {{
cite book }}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link )
^ MacCannell, Daniel S. (2021-06-30). Coastal Defences of the British Empire in the Revolutionary & Napoleonic Eras . Yorkshire: Pen and Sword Military.
ISBN
978-1-5267-5346-5 .
^
The New Madrid Earthquake at Mammoth Cave (1811-1812) . George Publishing Company. 1992. p. 10.
Archived from the original on 2020-08-01. Retrieved 2020-01-12 .
^ Benjamin McKie Rastall (1905).
The Cripple Creek Strike of 1893 . Colorado College. p. 43.
Archived from the original on 2020-08-01. Retrieved 2020-01-12 .
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