From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Month in 1919
The following events occurred in October 1919 :
U.S. President
Woodrow Wilson 's first posed photograph after his stroke, with First Lady
Edith Wilson holding a document steady while he signs.
Team photo of the
Chicago White Sox at the
1919 World Series . Several players were
alleged to have intentionally thrown the series .
Red Summer – A
race riot broke out in
Baltimore when soldiers from
Fort Meade started harassing and then attacking blacks in their neighborhoods. Local police intervened and after considerable fights were able to arrest six soldiers.
[1]
The
World Series began with the
Chicago White Sox competing against the
Cincinnati Reds . Rumors were already circulating that the game was fixed, with the odds against the Reds falling rapidly. Over the next four games, eight White Sox players were
alleged to have made intentional errors during the games to fall behind the Reds in the series.
[2]
The
24th Fighter Squadron of the
United States Army Air Service was disbanded, but would be mobilized again for
World War II .
[3]
[4]
The
Women's Royal Naval Service was disbanded. It would be revived again in 1939 at the start of
World War II .
[5]
The experimental radio station
WWV began broadcasting near
Fort Collins, Colorado .
[6]
Australian Aircraft & Engineering was established in
Sydney to make domestic aircraft for Australia.
[7]
The
Religious of Jesus and Mary order established the all-girls school
Convent of Jesus and Mary in
Delhi .
[8]
The
International Bible Students Association began publishing the bi-monthly religious magazine The Golden Age (later renamed
Awake! in 1946).
[9]
Army officer
Wilford Fawcett was given permission from
Stars and Stripes to publish a humor magazine called Captain Billy's Whiz Bang , leading to the establishment of
Fawcett Publications and eventually
Fawcett Comics , the first superhero comic books.
[10]
Sports clubs were established in the following cities:
Klepp in
Klepp ,
Norway with sections for
football ,
handball , and
gymnastics , and
Polonia in
Środa Wielkopolska ,
Poland with sections for
football ,
field hockey ,
handball and
tennis .
[11]
Born:
William E. DePuy , American army officer, first commander of the
United States Army Training and Doctrine Command , two-time recipient of the
Distinguished Service Cross , five
Distinguished Service Medals , three
Silver Stars , and the
Legion of Merit , in
Jamestown, North Dakota (d.
1992 );
Majrooh Sultanpuri , Indian composer, known for film scores including
Friendship and
The One Who Wins is The King , in
Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh ,
British India (d.
2000 )
Died:
Princess Charlotte of Prussia , German noble, wife to
Bernhard III , daughter to
Frederick III (b.
1860 )
U.S. President
Woodrow Wilson suffered a serious stroke at the age of 62, rendering him an invalid for the remainder of his life.
[12] However, his inner circle, led by the First Lady
Edith Wilson and chief physician
Cary T. Grayson , kept the general public in the dark about Wilson's health until February. Even then, Wilson's presidency continued for another year with Edith Wilson acting as a shadow steward of the executive branch.
[13]
The
North Shore Country Day School held its first day of classes in
Winnetka, Illinois .
[14]
English golfer
Abe Mitchell won the
12th
News of the World Match Play , defeating Scottish golfer
George Duncan by one stroke at the
Walton Heath Golf Club in
Surrey ,
England .
[15]
The People's Paper , a Dutch morning edition, was first published and now has a nation-wide circulation of 250,000.
[16]
Born:
Shirley Clarke , American filmmaker, known for her independent short films and documentaries including
The Connection ,
The Cool World and
Portrait of Jason , recipient of the
Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film for
Robert Frost: A Lover's Quarrel with the World , co-founder of
The Film-Makers' Cooperative , in
New York City (d.
1997 )
Died:
Victorino de la Plaza , Argentinian state leader, 18th
President of Argentina (b.
1840 )
American diplomat
Henry Morgenthau Sr. released a
report concerning the treatment of Jewish people in the
Second Polish Republic , including accounts of the
Pinsk massacre committed by the
Polish Army on April 5.
[17]
The
Department of Island Territories was established by the
New Zealand Government to oversee the
Pacific Islands of
Samoa ,
Niue ,
Tokelau and the
Cook Islands .
James Allen was appointed as the first minister for the department.
[18]
The
UCLA Bruins football team played their first game with
Fred Cozens as coach.
[19]
The
Bowling Green Falcons football team played their first game, beating the
Toledo Rockets football team 6-0 and starting an
ongoing rivalry between
Bowling Green State University and
University of Toledo .
[20]
Born:
James M. Buchanan , American economist, recipient of the
Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his work on
public choice theory, co-author of
The Calculus of Consent , in
Murfreesboro, Tennessee (d.
2013 );
Jack Waring , English rugby player,
wing and centre for
St Helens ,
Featherstone Rovers , and
Warrington Wolves from 1939 to 1949, and the
England national rugby league team in 1940, in
Prescot ,
England (d.
2004 )
Died:
Alfred Baumgarten , German-Canadian business leader, president of the St. Lawrence Sugar Refinery in
Montreal , governor of the
Montreal General Hospital (b.
1842 )
A
strike by railway workers in the
United Kingdom ended with a new agreement signed between the rail companies and the
National Union of Railwaymen .
[25]
Born:
Donald Pleasence , English actor, best known as
Samuel Loomis in the
Halloween horror film series,
Ernst Stavro Blofeld in
You Only Live Twice , and roles in
The Great Escape ,
THX 1138 , and
Escape from New York , in
Worksop ,
England (d.
1995 )
Died:
Townsend F. Dodd , American air force officer, first commissioned officer of the
American Expeditionary Forces , recipient of the
Distinguished Service Medal (killed in a plane crash) (b.
1886 );
Wen Qimei , Chinese matriarch, mother to
Mao Zedong (b.
1867 )
A labor leader rallies
striking steelworkers in
Gary, Indiana .
Some 200 to 300 rebels that were against the
United States occupation of Haiti
attacked American marines in
Port-au-Prince , but were destroyed by gunfire from the marines and Haitian militia.
[26]
Escalating disorder during the
steel workers strike in
Gary, Indiana led to the
United States Army entering the city to restore order.
[27]
About 62% of voters in
Norway approved maintaining a partial prohibition on alcoholic
spirits from 1917 during a
referendum .
[28]
French pianist
Alfred Cortot co-founded the
École Normale de Musique de Paris .
[29]
The bedroom farce
The Girl in the Limousine , written by
Wilson Collison and
Avery Hopwood , premiered at the
Eltinge 42nd Street Theatre in
New York City with a successful run of 137 performances.
[30]
Born:
Abe Saffron , Australian gangster, key figure in the
Sydney underworld, in
Annandale, New South Wales ,
Australia (d.
2006 );
Tommy Lawton , English football player, forward for various clubs including
Notts County from 1936 to 1956, and the
England national football team from 1938 to 1948, in
Farnworth ,
England (d.
1996 )
Died:
John Cameron , Canadian politician, member of
Edmonton Town Council from 1892 to 1896, developer of the
Edmonton Public School Board (b.
1846 );
Ricardo Palma , Peruvian writer, author of
Peruvian Traditions (b.
1833 )
Field Marshal
Edmund Allenby
A group of Dutch businessmen led by
Frits Fentener van Vlissingen formed the airline
KLM with aviator
Albert Plesman as its director. It remains the
oldest airline still flying under its original name.
[31]
Field Marshal
Edmund Allenby was awarded the noble title of
Viscount for his service for the
British Army in the
Middle East during
World War I .
[32]
American playwright
Alice Gerstenberg premiered her satirical play
Fourteen in
San Francisco .
[33]
Born:
Henriette Avram , American computer programmer, developer of the
MARC standards , in
New York City (d.
2006 )
Erik Elmsäter , Swedish athlete, silver medalist in the
1948 Summer Olympics , in
Stockholm (d.
2006 )
Zelman Cowen , Australian state leader, 19th
Governor-General of Australia , in
Melbourne (d.
2011 )
Annemarie Renger , German politician, 5th
President of the Bundestag and first woman to hold that office, in
Leipzig (d.
2008 )
Died:
Alfred Deakin , Australian state leader, 2nd
Prime Minister of Australia (b.
1856 )
A U.S. Marine unit attempted to capture Haitian rebel leader
Charlemagne Péralte who organized the
attack on
Port-au-Prince at this camp. Around 30 rebels were killed but Péralte managed to escape. He was eventually caught and killed on November 1.
[34]
The
Essex Royal Horse Artillery of the
British Army was disbanded in
Cairo .
[35]
Sturt defeated
North Adelaide 3.5 (23) to 2.6 (18) in front of a crowd of 35,000 at the
Adelaide Oval in
North Adelaide ,
Australia to win the
South Australian Football League Grand Final .
[36]
The
Northern Ontario Hockey Association was established as the governing body of minor and junior league hockey in northern
Ontario .
[37]
The
Cathedral of Saint Catharine of Siena was established in
Allentown, Pennsylvania .
[38]
Born:
Kiichi Miyazawa , Japanese state leader, 49th
Prime Minister of Japan , in
Fukuyama, Hiroshima ,
Japan (d.
2007 );
Teruo Nakamura , Taiwanese-Japanese soldier, last known
Japanese holdout after the
surrender of Japan in 1945, arrested in
Jakarta in 1974, in
Taiwan (d.
1979 )
Died:
Carlos Meléndez , Salvadoran state leader, 24th
President of El Salvador (b.
1861 )
Orel–Kursk operation – The
13th and
14th Red Armies began their first successful counteroffensive against the
White Army in the cities of
Orel ,
Kursk , and
Tula, Russia .
[46]
American passenger ship
American Legion was launched by
New York Shipbuilding Corporation in
Camden, New Jersey . It later became an important troopship during
World War II .
[47]
Collingwood defeated the
Richmond 11.12 (78) 7.11 (53) in front of a crowd of over 45,000 spectators at the
Melbourne Cricket Ground to win their fifth
Victorian Football League Grand Final .
[48]
The
final football match between the
United States Naval Academy 's
Midshipmen and the
Johns Hopkins University 's
Blue Jays in
Annapolis, Maryland , with the Midshipmen shutting out the Blue Jays 66-0 and ending the long-running series started in 1882 with a 9–3 record for the naval academy.
[49]
The
Polish Athletic Association was established governing body of all sports athletics organizations in
Poland .
Born:
Art Blakey , American jazz musician, drummer and bandleader for
The Jazz Messengers , in
Pittsburgh (d.
1990 );
Jean Vander Pyl , American voice actor, best known as the voice of
Wilma Flintstone and
Pebbles Flintstone in
The Flintstones , and
Rosie the Robot in
The Jetsons , in
Philadelphia (d.
1999 )
A
mutiny broke out among the
Royal Navy
fleet at
Port Edgar ,
Scotland that had been set to be deployed to the
Baltic and assist the
White Russian forces in the
Russian Civil War . Some 150 sailors left their posts and prevented the fleet from leaving port. Some 50 sailors then marched to the main government office at
Whitehall in
London with a list of demands on improving conditions among the fleet. 96 sailors and officers were arrested when the mutiny ended.
[50]
Football club
Odd Grenland defeated
Frigg Oslo 1–0 to win the
18th
Norwegian Football Cup in front of 10,000 spectators in
Larvik ,
Norway .
[51]
Camera manufacturer the
Olympus Corporation was established in
Tokyo as a manufacturer of scientific instruments.
[52]
Born:
Doris Miller , American navy sailor, first African-American to receive the
Navy Cross for manning anti-aircraft guns on the
USS West Virginia during the
attack on Pearl Harbor , in
Waco, Texas (d.
1943 , killed in action);
Vijaya Raje Scindia , Indian noble, consort to
Jiwajirao Scindia , last
Maharaja of Gwalior ,
India , in
Sagar ,
British India (d.
2001 )
Russian Civil War – The
8th and
13th Red Armies launched a
counteroffensive against the
White Army starting with an initial clash at the village of Moskovskoye south of
Moscow .
[53]
The
Paris Convention was signed by 26 nations, establishing each country's sovereignty over its airspace. The agreement would take effect in 1922.
[54]
The
Leeds City club of the
Football League Second Division was expelled amid financial irregularities.
[55]
The
Sedan railway line opened to the public, connecting the
Monarto South railway station to
Sedan ,
Australia .
[56]
[57]
[58]
Born:
Delia Garcés , Argentine actress, noted female lead during the
Golden Age of Argentine Cinema in the 1930s and 1940s, in
Buenos Aires (d.
2001 );
Jackie Ronne , American explorer, first woman to be part on an expedition team to
Antarctica , co-discoverer of the
Filchner–Ronne Ice Shelf , in
Baltimore (d.
2009 )
Died:
Karl Adolph Gjellerup , Danish writer, developed the
Modern Breakthrough that promoted
naturalism in northern
Europe , recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Literature (b.
1857 )
The
Berkshire Royal Horse Artillery was temporarily disbanded in
Cairo .
[59]
The
Wahl Clipper Corporation was established in
Sterling, Illinois where it began manufacturing electric razor and grooming products.
[60]
Born:
Edward L. Feightner , American naval officer, commander of
VFA-11 during the 1950s, recipient of four
Distinguished Flying Crosses , two
Legion of Merit , twelve
Air Medals , and the
Congressional Gold Medal , in
Lima, Ohio (d.
2020 )
Died:
Simon Hugh Holmes , Canadian politician, 4th
Premier of Nova Scotia (b.
1831 );
Richardson Clover , American naval officer, commander of the
USS Bancroft during the
Spanish–American War (b.
1846 )
Adolf Hitler gave his first speech for the
German Workers' Party during a political meeting at the
Hofbräukeller restaurant in
Munich .
[63]
Flinders Chase National Park was established on
Kangaroo Island ,
South Australia as a protected area. It became a national park in 1972, the second largest in
Australia .
[64]
The historic
Condado Vanderbilt Hotel , built by
Frederick William Vanderbilt , opened in
San Juan, Puerto Rico .
[65]
Ripley's Believe It or Not! first appeared as a cartoon in
The New York Globe .
[66]
Born:
Kathleen Winsor , American writer, author of
Forever Amber , in
Olivia, Minnesota (d.
2003 );
José Antonio Muñiz , Puerto Rican air force officer, co-founder of the
Puerto Rico Air National Guard , recipient of the
Air Medal and
Soldier's Medal , in
Ponce, Puerto Rico (d.
1960 , killed in a plane crash)
Died:
Charles Harford Lloyd , English composer, known for his chamber and organ compositions for
Anglican church music (b.
1849 )
SMS Kaiser Franz Joseph I
The
White Russian
Volunteer Army began the last of its
pogroms against Jewish communities around
Kiev with the village
Ivankiv ,
Ukraine . Over three days, insurgents murdered 14 people, wounded another nine, and sexually assaulted 15 women and girls.
[67]
United States Attorney General
A. Mitchell Palmer appeared before the
Senate to explain what was a perceived lack of progress on combating radicalism in the
United States . Palmer answered that the
U.S. Justice Department had amassed 60,000 names and were close to making arrests.
[68]
Former Austro-Hungarian cruiser
SMS Kaiser Franz Joseph I sank in a storm off the coast of
Yugoslavia .
[69]
General Electric established
RCA using acquired assets from the
Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company of America and recruited Marconi executive
David Sarnoff as one of the new corporate leaders. Sarnoff would later be a key figure in developing
NBC and
RKO Pictures .
[70]
King Alfonso inaugurated the
new metro system in Madrid , with
Line 1 running for 3.48 kilometres (2.16 mi) with eight stops including
Bilbao ,
Chamberí ,
Cuatro Caminos ,
Gran Vía ,
Iglesia ,
Ríos Rosas ,
Sol , and
Tribunal . On its official first day of operation two days later, it ran 390 trains carrying 56,220 passengers. Ticket fares for the first day totaled 8,433 pesetas.
[71]
[72]
[73]
[74]
Frank Conrad began broadcasting an experimental radio broadcast with the call sign 8XK at 7750
Penn Avenue , in
Pittsburgh . A year later, Conrad was able to form a public radio station called
KDKA .
[75]
The football club
Leeds United was established but could not start playing in the league until the 1920–21 season as
Port Vale had taken over the defunct Leeds City place in the
English Football League .
[76]
Born:
Violet Milstead , Canadian aviator, first female
bush pilot and member of the
Air Transport Auxiliary during
World War II , recipient of the
Order of Canada , in
Toronto ,
Ontario ,
Canada (d.
2014 );
Zhao Ziyang , Chinese state leader, 3rd
Premier of the People's Republic of China , in
Hua County ,
China (d.
2005 )
Died:
James Wolfe Murray , British army officer,
Chief of the General Staff from 1914 to 1915, recipient of the
Order of the Bath for action during the
Second Boer War (b.
1853 )
Australian Prime Minister
Billy Hughes appointed judge
Adrian Knox as
Chief Justice of Australia .
[77]
The
Australian Imperial Force cricket tour started in
South Africa against the
South African Cricket Association the first cricket match played in the country since
World War I . The Australian team won the match by two wickets.
[78]
Sports and football clubs were established in the following cities:
Racing de Ferrol
[79] in
Ferrol, Spain , and sports club
Hindú in
Don Torcuato ,
Argentina , awhich became most known for its
rugby football team in the
Unión de Rugby de Buenos Aires .
[80]
Born:
Pierre Trudeau , Canadian state leader, 15th
Prime Minister of Canada , at 5779 Durocher Avenue,
Outremont, Quebec to
Charles-Émile Trudeau , a French-Canadian businessman and lawyer, and Grace Elliott, who was of mixed Scottish and French-Canadian descent. (d.
2000 )
[81]
Born:
Anita O'Day , American jazz singer, known for her collaborations with big band leaders
Gene Krupa ,
Woody Herman , and
Stan Kenton , in
Kansas City, Missouri (d.
2006 );
Williamson A. Sangma , Indian politician, first governor of
Meghalaya ,
India , in
Baghmara, India (d.
1990 );
George E. P. Box , British mathematician, leading developer of modern
statistics , in
Gravesend ,
England (d.
2013 )
Died:
William Waldorf Astor , American business leader and philanthropist, supporter of the
Hospital for Sick Children in
London , and
Oxford and
Cambridge Universities , member of the
Astor family (b.
1848 );
John Coles , English business leader, chair of the
East and
West India Docks in
London (b.
1833 )
Russian Civil War – A month-long offensive against the
White Russians by the
Insurgent Army under command of
Nestor Makhno in the
Ukraine ended when they captured
Ekaterinoslav on the
Dnieper River . In all, the army inflicted 7,000 casualties and forced the surviving White troops to the port of
Taganrog . The offensive helped contribute to the collapse of the White Russian
advance on Moscow .
[85]
Orel–Kursk operation – The
Red Army captured the city of
Kromy and
advanced on
Orel ,
Russia .
[86]
Ernest Charles Drury of the
United Farmers of Ontario won a majority in the
Ontario provincial election , defeating the Conservative Party led by
William Howard Hearst to form the
15th
Government of Ontario .
[87] A
referendum was also held to repeal prohibition of alcohol, with the majority voting against repeal.
[88]
A tunnel collapse at the
Levant Mine and Beam Engine in
Cornwall ,
England killed 31 miners.
French pilot Bernard de Romanet, flying a
Nieuport-Delage airplane, achieved a new world speed record of 268.79 km/h (167.02 mph).
The
AGH University of Science and Technology was established in
Kraków ,
Poland .
[89]
The School of Automotive Trades was established in
Flint, Michigan to train students seeking careers in the auto industry. It was later acquired by
General Motors in 1926. After the institute split from GM on 1982, it was renamed
Kettering University (after auto inventor
Charles F. Kettering ) in 1998.
[90]
Publishing house
Duckworth Books released the novel
Night and Day by
Virginia Woolf .
Football club
Ceahlăul was established in
Piatra Neamț ,
Romania .
[91]
Born:
Matthew Sands , American physicist, member of the
Manhattan Project , co-author of
The Feynman Lectures on Physics , in
Oxford, Massachusetts (d.
2014 )
The last official
elections were held in the
Ottoman Empire before it officially dissolved.
[95]
[96]
United States Congress passed an
act that allowed permits to be granted for private companies and individuals surveying for underground water in
Nevada .
[97]
The church and parish of
María Auxiliadora was established in
Montevideo .
[98]
Born:
Doris Lessing , British writer, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Literature for her novels including
The Grass Is Singing ,
The Golden Notebook and
The Good Terrorist , in
Kermanshah ,
Iran (d.
2013 );
Morris Janowitz , American sociologist, developed
military sociology , in
Paterson, New Jersey (d.
1988 )
Died:
John Cyril Porte , Irish-British aviator, developer of the
flying boat at the
Seaplane Experimental Station in
Felixstowe ,
England (b.
1884 )
Ohio State defeats
Michigan in
Ann Arbor, Michigan 13-3 for the first time in the
rivalry's history during their 16th meeting.
The
Medical Women's International Association was established during an international female doctors conference in
New York City .
[104]
Garelli Motorcycles was established in
Milan , where it became known for its champion
Grand Prix motorcycles.
[105]
The Ise Railway was extended in the
Mie Prefecture ,
Japan , with stations
Miyamado and
Shiohama serving the line.
[106]
Born:
Norman A. Erbe , American politician, 35th
Governor of Iowa , in
Boone, Iowa (d.
2000 );
Phạm Văn Đổng , Vietnamese army officer, military governor of
Saigon during the
Vietnam War , recipient of the
Imperial Order of the Dragon of Annam ,
National Order of Vietnam , and
Gallantry Cross , in
Sơn Tây ,
French Indochina (d.
2008 );
Beate Uhse-Rotermund , German aviator and entrepreneur, sole female stunt pilot in
Germany in the 1930s, founder of
Beate Uhse AG , the first retail "
sex shop " company to sell adult entertainment products, in
Cranz ,
East Prussia (d.
2001 )
Died:
William Kidston , Australian politician, 17th
Premier of Queensland (b.
1849 )
General elections were held in
Luxembourg , following changes to the constitution earlier in the year to allow
universal suffrage and
proportional representation . This allowed the
Party of the Right led by
Émile Reuter to retain dominance of the government.
[107]
[108] Women participated in their first elections and were allowed to run for office, resulting in
Marguerite Thomas-Clement being elected as the first woman parliamentarian.
[109]
[110]
[111]
The
Free Democratic Party of Switzerland won a majority of the seats in the
National Council during the
federal election in
Switzerland .
[112]
Russian Civil War – The
33rd Rifle Division of the
Red Army captured
Liksi ,
Russia and forced the
White Russians over the
Don River .
[53]
Roscoe Arbuckle and
Buster Keaton starred in their second hit comedy short
The Hayseed .
[113]
Born: A set of fraternal twins were born to the
Pahlavi royal family in
Tehran , Mohammad and Ashraf. Mohammad would grow to become
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi , the last
Shah of
Iran , while his twin sister
Ashraf Pahlavi played a key role in helping her brother gain power during the
1953 Iranian coup d'état .
[114]
Born:
Edward Brooke , American politician, U.S. Senator from
Massachusetts from 1967 to 1979, first African-American elected to the
United States Senate , in
Washington, D.C. (d.
2015 );
Jacob Pressman , American religious leader and academic, co-founder of the
American Jewish University , in
Philadelphia (d.
2015 )
Died:
Akashi Motojiro , Japanese army officer and state leader, 7th
Governor-General of Taiwan (b.
1864 );
Rachel Foster Avery , American activist, secretary for the
National American Woman Suffrage Association and close collaborator with
Susan B. Anthony (b.
1858 )
Orel–Kursk operation – The
Red Army captured the city of
Kromy ,
Russia .
[115]
Axeman of New Orleans – Mike Pepitone was the final victim of the
New Orleans ax attacks that started in 1918. His wife found his body in his bedroom just as a large, ax-welding man was fleeing the scene. Unfortunately, his wife was unable to provide a clear description of the killer. No further break-ins and attacks with an ax were reported after that night. The attacks and murders remain unsolved.
[116]
A week long memorial for the late U.S. President
Theodore Roosevelt culminated on what would have been his 61st birthday. The activities lead to establishing the
Theodore Roosevelt Association the following year.
[117]
British composer
Edward Elgar premiered
Cello Concerto in
London , with
Felix Salmond performing. The concert famously went ahead with inadequate rehearsal time, because musician
Albert Coates was also conducting the rest of the programme.
[118]
Born:
Tim Babcock , American politician, 16th
Governor of Montana , in
Littlefork, Minnesota (d.
2015 );
John Kingsman Beling , American naval officer, commander of the
USS Forrestal and
USS Alstede , recipient of the
Legion of Merit and
Distinguished Flying Cross , in
New York City (d.
2010 );
James Joseph Magennis , British naval officer, member of
Operation Struggle during
World War II , recipient of the
Victoria Cross , in
Belfast (d.
1986 );
Costin Murgescu , Romanian economist, promoter and eventually skeptic of
Marxian economics , one of the players in setting up the
Romanian Revolution in 1989, in
Râmnicu Sărat ,
Romania (d.
1989 )
Women in New Zealand were allowed to stand for election into parliament.
Rosetta Baume ,
Aileen Cooke , and
Ellen Melville ran as the first female candidates, though none were elected.
[126]
[127]
The first conference of the
International Labour Organization was held at the
Pan American Union Building in
Washington, D.C. with French socialist leader
Albert Thomas as its first director-general. Six international labour conventions were adopted including
hours of work in industry ,
unemployment , maternity protection,
night work for women,
night work for young people in industry, and minimum age for work.
[128]
The newspaper
Alþýðublaðið was published as the mouthpiece for the
Social Democratic Party in
Iceland .
[129]
[130]
Born:
Ralph Cheli , American air force officer, commander of the
405th Bombardment Squadron during
World War II , recipient of the
Medal of Honor ,
Air Medal and
Distinguished Flying Cross , in
San Francisco (d.
1944 , executed)
Died:
Soyen Shaku , Japanese clergy, first
Zen Buddhist master to teach in the
United States (b.
1860 );
Albert Benjamin Simpson , Canadian religious leader, founder of the
Christian and Missionary Alliance (b.
1843 )
The
19th Royal Horse Artillery Brigade was disbanded in
Cairo .
[131]
The churches and parishes of
Cristo de Toledo ,
[132]
Nuestra Señora de los Dolores ,
[133]
Nuestra Señora del Sagrado Corazón ,
[134]
San Miguel Garicoits ,
[135] and
Santuario Nacional del Corazón de Jesús were established in
Montevideo .
[136]
Born:
Hermann Buchner , Austrian air force officer, commander of
Jagdgeschwader 7 for the
Luftwaffe during
World War II , recipient of the
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross , in
Salzburg (d.
2005 )
Died:
Ella Wheeler Wilcox , American poet, known for poetry collections including
Poems of Passion (b.
1850 )
Red Summer – A
race riot broke out in
Corbin, Kentucky , when a vigilante mob rounded up 200 blacks and loaded them onto train cars out of town, following a mugging of a white man who identified the assailants as black men.
[137]
The
Augusta Southern Railroad in
Georgia was bought out by
Georgia and Florida Railroad .
[138]
Born:
George R. Caron , American air force officer,
tail gunner for the
Enola Gay , in
New York City (d.
1995 );
Alastair Hetherington , British journalist, editor for
The Guardian from 1953 to 1975, in
Glamorgan ,
Wales (d.
1999 )
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^
Asinof, Eliot . Eight Men Out . New York: Henry Holt. 1963.
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^
AFHRA document 00055928, 24th Aero Squadron (Observation), 1917-1919
^
AFHRA document 00055929, 24th Fighter Squadron, 1917-1919
^ Stuart Mason, Ursula (2011).
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^
"The Portaphone—A Wireless Set for Dance Music or the Day's News" by Herbert T. Wade, Scientific American , May 22, 1920, p. 571
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^
"History" . Convent of Jesus & Mary, New Delhi . Retrieved December 20, 2019 .
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^
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AFL Tables: 1919 Grand Final
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[1]
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cite book }}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link )
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^
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