From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Calendar year
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
1896 .
1896 (
MDCCCXCVI ) was a
leap year starting on Wednesday of the
Gregorian calendar and a
leap year starting on Monday of the
Julian calendar , the 1896th year of the
Common Era (CE) and
Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 896th year of the
2nd millennium , the 96th year of the
19th century , and the 7th year of the
1890s decade. As of the start of 1896, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
Events
January–March
January 5 :
Röntgen
rays .
January 5 :
Röntgen
X-ray .
January 2 – The
Jameson Raid comes to an end, as Jameson surrenders to the
Boers .
[1]
January 4 –
Utah is admitted as the 45th
U.S. state .
January 5 – An Austrian newspaper reports that
Wilhelm Röntgen has discovered a type of
radiation (later known as
X-rays ).
January 6 –
Cecil Rhodes is forced to resign as Prime Minister of the
Cape of Good Hope , for his involvement in the
Jameson Raid .
January 7 – American culinary expert
Fannie Farmer publishes her first cookbook.
January 12 – H. L. Smith takes the first
X-ray photograph.
January 17 –
Fourth Anglo-Ashanti War : British
redcoats enter the
Ashanti capital,
Kumasi , and Asantehene Agyeman
Prempeh I is deposed.
[2]
January 28 – Walter Arnold, of
East Peckham ,
Kent , England, is fined 1 shilling for
speeding at 8 mph (13 km/h) (exceeding the contemporary
speed limit of 2 mph (3.2 km/h), the first speeding fine).
February 1 –
Puccini 's opera
La bohème premieres in
Turin , Italy.
February 11 –
Oscar Wilde 's play
Salomé premieres in Paris.
February 19 –
Braamfontein Explosion : A train carrying 56 tons of
dynamite explodes at
Braamfontein ,
Johannesburg , killing more than 78 people.
[3]
March 1 –
Battle of Adwa :
Ethiopia defends its independence from Italy, ending the
First Italo-Ethiopian War .
March 3 – Publication begins for
Der Eigene , the world's first magazine with an orientation to male
homosexuality , by
Adolf Brand in Berlin.
March 9 – Responding to national outrage at the defeat at Adwa, Italian Prime Minister
Francesco Crispi resigns.
April–June
April – The first study of
the sensitivity of global climate to atmospheric carbon dioxide is published.
Svante Arrhenius presents his findings in his paper, "On the Influence of Carbonic Acid in the Air upon the Temperature of the Ground", the London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science , as an extract of a paper that had been presented to the
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on December 11, 1895.
April 4 – The first known
women's basketball game between two colleges is played between
Stanford and
California .
April 6 – The opening ceremonies of the
1896 Summer Olympics , the first modern
Olympic Games , are held in
Athens , Greece.
April 9 – The National Farm School (later
Delaware Valley College ) is chartered in Doylestown, Pennsylvania.
May 8 –
Cricket : Against
Warwickshire ,
Yorkshire sets a still-standing
County Championship record, when they accumulate an innings total of 887.
May 13 – The Franchise Bill is passed by the
Colony of Natal 's Legislative Assembly, disfranchising natives of other countries.
May 18 –
Plessy v. Ferguson : The
U.S. Supreme Court introduces the
separate but equal doctrine, and upholds
racial segregation .
May 26 – Eleven years after its foundation, a group of 12 purely industrial stocks were chosen to form the
Dow Jones Industrial Average . The index is composed entirely of industrial shares for the first time.
[4]
May 27 –
St. Louis–East St. Louis tornado : The costliest and third deadliest tornado in U.S. history levels a mile wide swath of downtown
St. Louis, Missouri , incurring US$2.9 billion (1997 USD) in normalized damages, killing more than 255 and injuring over 1,000 people.
June 4 – The
Ford Quadricycle , the first vehicle
Henry Ford developed, is completed, eventually leading Ford to build the empire that "put America on wheels".
June 7 –
Mahdist War –
Battle of Ferkeh : British and Egyptian troops are victorious.
June 12 –
J.T. Hearne sets a record for the earliest date of taking 100 wickets in cricket (it is equalled by
Charlie Parker in
1931 ).
June 15 – The 8.5
Sanriku earthquake and
tsunami kills 22,000 in northeastern Japan.
[5]
A picture of the restored
Panathenaic Stadium , the site of the
1896 Summer Olympics
July–September
July 9 –
William Jennings Bryan delivers his
Cross of Gold speech at the
Democratic National Convention , which nominates him for president of the United States.
July 11 –
Wilfrid Laurier becomes Canada's seventh
prime minister , and the first French-speaker to hold that office.
July 21 – In Washington, D.C., in response to a "call to confer" issued by
Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin to all women of color, the
National Association of Colored Women's Clubs is organized.
July 26 – The
International Socialist Workers and Trade Union Congress opens in London.
July 27 – A
causeway is opened between the islands of
Saaremaa and
Muhu in
Estonia .
July 30 –
Atlantic City rail crash : Shortly after 6:30 pm, at a crossing just west of Atlantic City, New Jersey, two trains collide, crushing five loaded passenger coaches, killing 50 and seriously injuring approximately sixty.
August – The
1896 Eastern North America heat wave kills 1,500 people from Chicago, Illinois to Boston, Massachusetts.
August 1 – The Park Seung-jik Shop, as predecessor of
South Korean
conglomerate enterprises ,
Doosan Group founded in former
Kingdom of Korea .[
page needed ]
August 14 – The
Uganda Railway Act, 1896, is approved in the United Kingdom, for construction of a railway in Africa, from
Mombasa to
Lake Victoria .
[8]
August 16 –
Skookum Jim Mason ,
George Carmack and Dawson Charlie discover
gold in the
Klondike, Yukon .
August 17 –
Bridget Driscoll is run over by a
Benz car on the grounds of
The Crystal Palace , London (the world's first motoring fatality).
August 23 – The
Cry of Pugad Lawin initiates the
Philippine Revolution .
August 27
September 2 –
Clarkson University holds its first classes, with 17 students attending in
Potsdam, New York .
[9]
September 15 – The
Crash at Crush train wreck stunt is held in Texas.
September 22 –
Queen Victoria surpasses her grandfather
King George III as the longest-reigning monarch in British history.
September 28 –
Pathé or Pathé Frères a French film company and one of the oldest film companies is founded by the brothers
Charles Pathé , Théophile Pathé, Émile Pathé and Jacques Pathé.
September 30 – Italy and France sign a treaty, whereby Italy virtually recognizes
Tunisia as a French dependency.
[10]
October–December
October 1 –
Gottlieb Daimler builds the first gasoline truck.
October 2 – The
Victorian Football League is established as
Aussie rules football in Australia (a predecessor for the
Australian Football League ).
October 30 –
Augusta, Kentucky : The Augusta High School cornerstone is laid, marking the end of the
Augusta Methodist College .
November 3 –
1896 United States presidential election : Republican
William McKinley defeats
William Jennings Bryan . The event is viewed by some as a
political realignment for the
United States Republican Party .
November 27 –
Also sprach Zarathustra (Strauss) is first performed in
Frankfurt .
November 30
December 1 – Archaeologist
Alois Anton Führer , Nepalese General Khadga Samsher Rana, and an expedition, rediscover the great stone pillar of
Ashoka at
Lumbini , traditionally the spot of the birthplace of
Gautama Buddha , after using
Faxian 's records.
[11]
December 10
December 14 – The
Glasgow Subway , the third-oldest
underground metro system in the world, opens.
December 25 –
John Philip Sousa composes his
magnum opus ,
The Stars and Stripes Forever .
December 30 –
José Rizal , Filipino scholar and poet, is
executed by Spanish authorities in the Philippines.
Date unknown
Births
January–February
George Burns
Morarji Desai
January 2 –
Dziga Vertov , Russian filmmaker (d.
1954 )
January 4
January 8
January 12 –
Uberto De Morpurgo , Italian tennis player (d.
1961 )
[12]
January 14 –
John Dos Passos , American author (d.
1970 )
[13]
January 20 –
George Burns , American actor, comedian (d.
1996 )
January 21 –
J. Carrol Naish , American
character actor (d.
1973 )
January 23 –
Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (d.
1985 )
[14]
January 26 –
József Kiss , Austro-Hungarian fighter pilot (d.
1918 )
February 1 –
Anastasio Somoza García ,
21st President of Nicaragua (d.
1956 )[
citation needed ]
February 2 –
Ramón Franco , Spanish aviation pioneer (d.
1938 )
February 4 –
Friedrich Hund , German physicist (d.
1997 )
February 18 –
Li Linsi , Chinese educator and diplomat (d.
1970 )
February 19 –
André Breton , French writer (d.
1966 )
[15]
February 25 –
Heinrich Gontermann , German World War I fighter ace (d.
1917 )
February 28 –
Philip Showalter Hench , American physician, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.
1965 )
February 29
March–April
Ira C. Eaker
Nikolay Semyonov
March 1 –
Dimitri Mitropoulos , Greek conductor, pianist and composer (d.
1960 )
March 13 –
Field Eugene Kindley , American World War I fighter pilot (d.
1920 )
March 20 –
Wop May , Canadian World War I pilot (d.
1952 )
March 22 –
Joseph Schildkraut , Austrian-American actor (d.
1964 )
March 29 –
Wilhelm Ackermann , German mathematician (d.
1962 )
April 13 –
Ira C. Eaker , World War II United States Army Air Forces general (d.
1987 )
April 15
April 17 –
Señor Wences , Spanish ventriloquist (d.
1999 )
April 21 –
Geertruida Wijsmuller-Meijer , Dutch war hero, resistance fighter and humanitarian (d.
1978 )
April 26 –
Ernst Udet , German World War I fighter ace, Nazi Luftwaffe official (d.
1941 )
April 27 –
Rogers Hornsby , American baseball player (d.
1963 )
April 30 –
Reverend Gary Davis , American musician (d.
1972 )
May–June
Mark W. Clark
Jorge Alessandri
May 1
May 2 –
Helen of Greece and Denmark , Queen Mother of Romania (d.
1982 )
May 3 –
Karl Allmenröder , German World War I fighter pilot (d.
1917 )
May 5 –
Kaju Sugiura , Japanese admiral (d.
1945 )
May 19 –
Jorge Alessandri , 27th
President of Chile (d.
1986 )
May 23 –
Andor Jaross , ethnic Hungarian politician (d.
1946 )
May 30 –
Howard Hawks , American director (d.
1977 )
June 2 –
Nubar Gulbenkian , Ottoman-born Armenian-British oil trader, socialite and intelligence operative (d.
1972 )
June 6
June 7
June 19 –
Wallis Simpson , American-born Duchess of Windsor (d.
1986 )
June 23 –
Francisco Malabo Beosá , Equatoguinean royalty (d.
2001 )
June 29 –
Boris Podolsky , Russian-American physicist (d.
1966 )
July–August
Thomas Playford IV
Trygve Lie
Jean Piaget
Gerty Cori
July 2 –
Quirino Cristiani , Argentine animated film director (d.
1984 )
July 4 –
Mao Dun , Chinese novelist, cultural critic, and Minister of Culture (d.
1981 )
[16]
July 5 –
Thomas Playford IV , South Australian politician (d.
1981 )
July 16
July 17 –
Dumitru Dămăceanu , Romanian general and politician (d.
1978 )
July 18 –
Patrick O'Boyle , American Roman Catholic prelate (d.
1987 )
July 19 –
Stafford L. Warren , American physician and radiologist; inventor of the mammogram (d.
1981 )
August 7 –
Ernesto Lecuona , Cuban pianist, composer (d.
1963 )
[17]
August 9
August 10 –
Walter Lang , American film director (d.
1972 )
August 13 –
Rudolf Schmundt , German general (d.
1944 )
August 14 –
Albert Ball , British World War I fighter ace, Victoria Cross recipient (d.
1917 )
August 15 –
Gerty Cori , Austrian-born biochemist, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.
1957 )
August 18 –
Jack Pickford , Canadian-born American actor, film director, and producer (d.
1933 )
August 27 –
Léon Theremin , Russian inventor (d.
1993 )
August 28 –
Arthur Calwell , Australian politician (d.
1973 )
August 30 –
Raymond Massey , Canadian-born American actor (d.
1983 )
September–October
Adele Astaire
F. Scott Fitzgerald
September 1 –
A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada , Indian religious leader, founder-acharya of the
International Society for Krishna Consciousness (d.
1977 )
September 4 –
Antonin Artaud , French stage actor, director (d.
1948 )
[18]
September 10 –
Adele Astaire , American dancer (d.
1981 )
September 14 –
José Mojica , Mexican Franciscan friar, tenor and film actor (d.
1974 )
September 22 –
Uri Zvi Greenberg , Israeli poet and journalist (d.
1981 )
[19]
September 24 –
F. Scott Fitzgerald , American writer (d.
1940 )
[20]
September 25 –
Sandro Pertini ,
President of Italy (d.
1990 )
September 30 –
Jolie Gabor , Hungarian-American entrepreneur, jeweler and memoirist (d.
1997 )
October 1 –
Abraham Sofaer , Burmese-born British actor (d.
1988 )
October 7 –
Paulino Alcántara , Filipino-Spanish soccer player (d.
1964 )
October 12 –
Eugenio Montale , Italian writer,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1981 )
[21]
October 14 –
Bud Flanagan , British entertainer, comedian (d.
1968 )
October 22 –
Earle Clements , American politician,
governor of Kentucky (d.
1985 )
October 28 –
Howard Hanson , American composer (d.
1981 )
[22]
October 30 –
Ruth Gordon , American actress, screenwriter, and playwright (d.
1985 )
October 31 –
Ethel Waters , American singer, actress (d.
1977 )
November–December
Carlos P. Garcia
Jimmy Doolittle
November 4
November 8 –
Marie Prevost , Canadian-born American actress (d.
1937 )
November 10
November 13 –
Nobusuke Kishi , Prime Minister of Japan (d.
1987 )
November 14 –
Mamie Eisenhower ,
First Lady of the United States (d.
1979 )
November 15 –
Giovanni Ancillotto , Italian World War I flying ace (d.
1924 )
November 16
November 17 –
Lev Vygotsky , Russian psychologist (d.
1934 )
November 23 –
Klement Gottwald , Czechoslovak communist politician (d.
1953 )
November 25
November 26 –
Manuel A. Odría , 79th President of Peru (d.
1974 )
November 28 –
Lilia Skala , Austrian-American actress (d.
1994 )
December 1 –
Georgi Zhukov , Soviet military leader, Marshal of the Soviet Union (d.
1974 )
December 2 –
Alfons Tracki , German-Albanian priest (martyred
1946 )
December 5 –
Carl Ferdinand Cori , Austrian-born biochemist, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.
1984 )
December 6 –
Ira Gershwin , American lyricist (d.
1983 )
December 12 –
Vasily Gordov , Soviet general (d.
1950 )
December 14 –
Jimmy Doolittle , American aviation pioneer, World War II United States Army Air Forces general (d.
1993 )
December 15 –
Miles Dempsey , British general (d.
1969 )
December 16 –
Anna Anderson , pretender to the Russian throne (d.
1984 )
December 23 –
Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa , Italian writer (d.
1957 )
[23]
December 27 –
December 28 –
Roger Sessions , American composer (d.
1985 )
December 29 –
David Alfaro Siqueiros , Mexican muralist (d.
1974 )
[25]
Deaths
January–June
Clara Schumann
January 4 –
Joseph Hubert Reinkens , German Old Catholic bishop (b.
1821 )
January 5 –
Charlie Bassett , American sheriff (b.
1847 )
January 8 –
Paul Verlaine , French lyric poet (b.
1844 )
[26]
January 15 –
Mathew Brady , American photographer (b.
1822 )
January 18 –
Charles Floquet , Prime Minister of France (b.
1828 )
January 20 –
Prince Henry of Battenberg , Lombardy-born British royal, married to
Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom (b.
1858 )
January 26 –
James Edwin Campbell , American educator, school administrator, newspaper editor, poet, and essayist (b. 1867)
[27]
February 7 –
William Hayden English , American politician (b.
1822 )
February 25 –
Joseph P. Fyffe , American admiral (b.
1832 )
March 30 –
Charilaos Trikoupis , 7-time prime minister of Greece (b.
1832 )
April 9 –
Gustav Koerner , German-American statesman (b.
1809 )
April 27 –
Sir Henry Parkes , Australian politician,
Premier of New South Wales (b.
1815 )
April 30 –
Hamilton Disston , American industrialist and land developer (b.
1844 )
May 1 –
Naser al-Din Shah Qajar , Shah of Persia, King of Herat (b.
1831 )
May 7 –
H. H. Holmes , American serial killer (executed) (b.
1861 )
May 10 –
Antti Ahlström , Finnish industrialist, founder of
Ahlstrom (b.
1827 )
May 13 –
Nora Perry , American newspaper correspondent (b.
1831 )
May 17 –
Muhammad Al-Sabah , emir of Kuwait (b.
1831 )
May 18 –
Daniel Pollen , 9th Prime Minister of New Zealand (b.
1813 )
May 19 –
Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria , father of Archduke Ferdinand (b.
1833 )
May 20 –
Clara Schumann , German composer, pianist (b.
1819 )
May 24 –
Luigi Federico Menabrea , Italian soldier, statesman (b.
1809 )
June 19 –
Louis Brière de l'Isle , French general (b.
1827 )
July–December
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Otto Lilienthal
Alfred Nobel
Jose Rizal
Margaret Eleanor Parker
July 1 –
Harriet Beecher Stowe , American author (b.
1811 )
[28]
July 4 –
Marcelo H. del Pilar , Filipino writer, journalist (b.
1850 )
July 11 –
Ernst Curtius , German historian (b.
1814 )
[29]
July 13 –
August Kekulé , German chemist (b.
1829 )
July 16 –
Edmond de Goncourt , French writer, co-founder of the Académie Goncourt (b.
1822 )
[30]
July 19 –
Abraham H. Cannon , American Mormon apostle (b.
1859 )
August 10 –
Otto Lilienthal , German aviation pioneer (b.
1848 )
August 12 –
Sir Harry Burnett Lumsden , British army general (b.
1821 )
August 13 – Sir
John Everett Millais , British Pre-Raphaelite painter (b.
1829 )
August 17 –
Bridget Driscoll , early British automobile fatality (b. c.
1851 )
August 18 –
Richard Avenarius , German-Swiss philosopher (b.
1843 )
August 25 – Sultan
Hamad bin Thuwaini of Zanzibar (b.
1857 )
September 18 –
Hippolyte Fizeau , French physicist (b.
1819 )
September 22 –
Pavlos Kalligas , Greek jurist, politician (b.
1814 )
September 23 –
Ivar Aasen , Norwegian philologist, lexicographer, playwright, and poet (b.
1813 )
[31]
September 24 –
Louis Gerhard De Geer , 1st Prime Minister of Sweden (b.
1818 )
October 3 –
William Morris , English designer, poet and political activist (b.
1834 )
[32]
October 6 –
Sir James Abbott , British army officer and colonial administrator in India (b.
1807 )
October 7 –
Louis-Jules Trochu , French general and politician, 26th
Prime Minister of France (b.
1815 )
October 8 –
George du Maurier , French-born British cartoonist and writer (b.
1834 )
[33]
October 10 –
Ferdinand von Mueller , German-born Australian botanist (b.
1825 )
October 11
October 12 –
Christian Emil Krag-Juel-Vind-Frijs , Prime Minister of Denmark (b.
1817 )
October 19 –
Emmy Rappe , Swedish nursing pioneer (b.
1835 )
October 21 –
James Henry Greathead , British engineer and inventor (b.
1844 )
October 23 –
Columbus Delano , American statesman (b.
1809 )
October 26 –
Paul-Armand Challemel-Lacour , French statesman (b.
1827 )
October 30 –
Carol Benesch ,
Silesian and
Romanian
architect (b.
1822 )
November –
Margaret Eleanor Parker , English social activist; first president of the British Women's Temperance Association (b.
1827 )
November 12 –
Joseph James Cheeseman , Liberian politician, 12th
President of Liberia (b.
1843 )
November 16 –
Josip Šokčević , Croatian viceroy (b.
1811 )
November 22 –
George Washington Gale Ferris Jr. , American inventor of the
Ferris wheel (b.
1859 )
November 23 –
Ichiyō Higuchi , Japanese poet and novelist (b.
1872 )
[34]
November 26
December 10 –
Alfred Nobel , Swedish inventor of dynamite, creator of the Nobel Prize (b.
1833 )
[36]
December 30 –
José Rizal , national hero of the Philippines (b.
1861 )
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