From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Calendar year
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
1852 .
1852 (
MDCCCLII ) was a
leap year starting on Thursday of the
Gregorian calendar and a
leap year starting on Tuesday of the
Julian calendar , the 1852nd year of the
Common Era (CE) and
Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 852nd year of the
2nd millennium , the 52nd year of the
19th century , and the 3rd year of the
1850s decade. As of the start of 1852, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
Events
The world in 1852
January–March
January 14 – President
Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte proclaims a
new constitution for the
French Second Republic .
January 15 – Nine men representing various Jewish
charitable organizations come together to form what will become
Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City.
January 17 – The United Kingdom recognizes the independence of the
Transvaal .
February 3 –
Battle of Caseros ,
Argentina : The Argentine provinces of
Entre Rios and
Corrientes , allied with
Brazil and members of
Colorado Party of Uruguay, defeat Buenos Aires troops under
Juan Manuel de Rosas .
February 11 – The first British public toilet for women opens in
Bedford Street , London.
February 14 – The
Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children, London, admits its first patient.
February 15 – The
Helsinki Cathedral (known as St. Nicholas' Church at time) is officially inaugurated in
Helsinki ,
Finland .
[1]
February 16 – The
Studebaker Brothers Wagon Company, precursor of the automobile manufacturer, is established in
South Bend, Indiana .
February 19 –
Phi Kappa Psi fraternity is founded in
Canonsburg, Pennsylvania , at
Jefferson College .
February 25 –
HMS Birkenhead sinks near
Cape Town ,
British Cape Colony . Only 193 of the 643 on board survive, after troops stand firm on the deck so as not to overwhelm the
lifeboats containing women and children.
March 1 –
Archibald Montgomerie, 13th Earl of Eglinton , is appointed
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland .
March 2 – The first American experimental steam
fire engine is tested.
[2]
March 4 –
Phi Mu sorority is founded in Macon, Georgia.
March 17 –
Annibale de Gasparis discovers the asteroid
Psyche from the north dome of the
Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte in
Naples .
[3]
March 18 –
Henry Wells and
William Fargo create
Wells Fargo & Company .
March 20 –
Uncle Tom's Cabin , by
Harriet Beecher Stowe , is published in book form in
Boston , Massachusetts.
April–June
July–September
October–December
October 7 – After learning that U.S. President Fillmore has sent Commodore
Matthew C. Perry to open trade with Japan,
Nicholas I of Russia sends Rear Admiral
Yevfimy Putyatin to lead the Pallada on a similar mission (Putyatin arrives on
August 21 ,
1853 , one month after Perry).
[6]
October 16 – After nearly five years' imprisonment in France, former Algerian Emir
Abdelkader El Djezairi is released by orders of then-president
Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte .
[7]
October 23 – The conjecture of the
four color theorem is first proposed, as student
Francis Guthrie of
University College London presents the question of proving, mathematically, that no more than four colors are needed to give separate colors to bordering shapes on a map (the theorem is not proven for almost 123 years, until
1976 ).
[8]
October 31 – General Joaquin Solares of
Guatemala leads an invasion of neighboring
Honduras , beginning a war that lasts until
February 13 ,
1856 .
[9]
November –
Leo Tolstoy 's
debut novel
Childhood is published under the initials L. N., in this month's issue of the Saint Petersburg literary journal
Sovremennik (and later in book form).
November 2 –
1852 United States presidential election :
Democrat
Franklin Pierce of
New Hampshire defeats
Whig
Winfield Scott of
Virginia .
November 4 –
Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour becomes the
Piedmontese prime minister.
November 11 – The new
Palace of Westminster opens in London as the home of the
Parliament of the United Kingdom .
November 21 –
22 – The
New French Empire is confirmed by
plebiscite : 7,824,000 for , 253,000 against .
November 23 – The first roadside
pillar boxes in the British Isles are brought into public use in
Saint Helier , on
Jersey in the
Channel Islands , at the suggestion of English novelist
Anthony Trollope , at this time an official of the British
General Post Office .
[10]
November 26 – A
magnitude 7.5 to 8.8 earthquake strikes near the Banda Islands, Dutch East Indies, triggering a deadly tsunami.
[11]
December – The
Western Railroad is chartered to build a railroad from
Fayetteville ,
North Carolina , to the coal fields of
Egypt , North Carolina.
[12]
December 2 –
Napoleon III becomes
Emperor of the French .
December 4 – The French
capture Laghouat .
December 23 –
Taiping Rebellion : The Taiping army takes
Hanyang and begins the siege of
Wuchang .
December 29 –
Taiping Rebellion : The Taiping army takes
Hankou .
Date unknown
The
grooved rail is developed by
Alphonse Loubat .
[13]
The
Devil's Island penal colony opens in the colony of
French Guiana .
The
semaphore line in France is superseded by the
telegraph .
Smith & Wesson is founded as a firearms manufacturer in the United States.
In
Hawaii , sugar planters bring over the first Chinese laborers on 3- or 5-year contracts, giving them 3 dollars per month plus room and board for working a 12-hour day, 6 days a week.
Germans are encouraged to
immigrate to
Chile .
The British
Inman Line is the first to offer United States-bound migrants steerage passage in a steamer,
SS City of Glasgow .
Loyola College is chartered in
Baltimore ,
Maryland .
Antioch College is founded in
Yellow Springs, Ohio (its first president is Horace Mann).
Mills College is founded as the Young Ladies Seminary in
Benicia, California .
The French Catholic
De La Salle Brothers arrive from Europe in
Singapore , aboard La Julie , and sail up to
Penang in the
Straits Settlements , to found the first
Lasallian educational institutions in Asia.
Justin Perkins , an American
Presbyterian missionary, produces the first translation of the
Bible in
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic , which is published with the parallel text of the
Syriac
Peshitta , by the American Bible Society.
Births
January–March
Elnora Monroe Babcock
John Harvey Kellogg
Friedrich Loeffler
Antoni Gaudi
Alice Liddell
January 8 –
James Milton Carroll , American Baptist pastor, leader, historian and author (d.
1931 )
January 11 –
Constantin Fehrenbach ,
Chancellor of Germany (d.
1926 )
January 18 –
Augustin Boué de Lapeyrère , French admiral (d.
1924 )
January 20 –
José Guadalupe Posada , Mexican political engraver and printmaker (d.
1913 )
January 26 –
Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza , Italian-born explorer of Africa (d.
1905 )
February 5 –
Terauchi Masatake , 9th Prime Minister of Japan (d.
1919 )
February 16 –
Charles Taze Russell (Pastor Russell), American Protestant reformer, evangelist, forerunner of
Jehovah's Witnesses (d.
1916 )
February 26 –
John Harvey Kellogg , American Adventist doctor and health reformer (d.
1943 )
March 1 –
Théophile Delcassé , French statesman (d.
1923 )
April–June
April 1 –
Edwin Austin Abbey , American painter (d.
1911 )
April 3 –
Talbot Baines Reed , English author (d.
1893 )
[14]
April 13 –
Frank Winfield Woolworth , American merchant, businessman (d.
1919 )
April 22 –
William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (d.
1912 )
May 1
May 2 –
Max von Gallwitz , German general (d.
1937 )
May 4 –
Alice Pleasance Liddell , inspiration for the English children's classic Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll (d.
1934 )
[15]
May 13 –
Dashi-Dorzho Itigilov , Buryat
Buddhist leader (d.
1927 )
May 14
May 22 –
Moritz von Auffenberg , Austro-Hungarian general and politician (d.
1928 )
May 31
June 13 –
Anna Whitlock , Swedish women's rights activist (d.
1930 )
June 24 –
Victor Adler , Austrian politician (d.
1918 )
June 25
June 30 –
Karl Petrovich Jessen , Russian admiral (d.
1918 )
July–September
Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff
H. H. Asquith
Eva Kinney Griffith
Hermann Emil Fischer
Emperor Meiji
Ella Maria Ballou
Yamamoto Gonnohyōe
Henri Becquerel
July 9 –
Grigore C. Crăiniceanu , Romanian general and politician (d.
1935 )
July 12 –
Hipólito Yrigoyen , 18th
President of Argentina (d.
1933 )
July 15 –
Josef Josephi , Polish-born singer and actor (d.
1920 )
July 20
July 31 –
Charles Lanrezac , French general (d.
1925 )
August 4
August 23 –
Clímaco Calderón , 15th
President of Colombia (d.
1913 )
August 30 –
Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff , Dutch chemist,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1911 )
September 6 –
Schalk Willem Burger , Boer military leader, lawyer, politician, and statesman, acting
President of the South African Republic (1900-1902) (d.
1918 )
September 8 –
Gojong , 26th king of the Korean Joseon dynasty, first emperor of Korea (d.
1919 )
September 10 –
Hans Niels Andersen , Danish businessman, founder of the
East Asiatic Company (d.
1937 )
September 12 –
H. H. Asquith ,
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d.
1928 )
September 28
September 29 –
Ijuin Gorō , Japanese admiral (d.
1921 )
September 30 –
Charles Villiers Stanford , Irish composer, resident in England (d.
1924 )
October–December
Leonardo Torres Quevedo
October 2 –
William Ramsay , Scottish chemist,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1916 )
October 9 –
Emil Fischer , German chemist,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1919 )
October 11 –
Mary Isabella Macleod , North American pioneer (d.
1933 )
October 16 –
Carl von In der Maur , Governor of Liechtenstein (d.
1913 )
October 17 –
George Egerton , British admiral (d.
1940 )
November 1 –
Eugene W. Chafin , American politician (d.
1920 )
November 3 –
Emperor Meiji of
Japan (d.
1912 )
November 6 –
Béni Grosschmid , Hungarian jurist and civil law scholar (d.
1938 )
[16]
November 7 –
Johan Ramstedt , 9th Prime Minister of Sweden (d.
1935 )
November 8 –
Eva Kinney Griffith , American activist and writer (d.
1918 )
November 11 –
Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf , Austro-Hungarian field marshal (d.
1925 )
November 15 –
Ella Maria Ballou , American writer (d.
1937 )
November 22 –
Paul Henri Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant , French diplomat, recipient of the
Nobel Peace Prize (d.
1924 )
November 26 –
Yamamoto Gonnohyōe , 16th and 22nd
Prime Minister of Japan , admiral in the
Imperial Japanese Navy (d.
1933 )
December 10 –
Felix Graf von Bothmer , German general (d.
1937 )
December 15
December 19 –
Albert A. Michelson , German-born physicist,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1931 )
December 21 –
George Callaghan , British admiral (d.
1920 )
December 28 –
Leonardo Torres Quevedo , Spanish engineer, one of pioneers of
computing and the
radio control , inventor of
El Ajedrecista (The Chess Player) (d.
1936 )
Date unknown
Emma Eliza Bower , American physician, club-woman, and newspaperwoman (d.
1937 )
Liu Buchan , Chinese admiral (d.
1895 )
Gef , supposed Indian-born Manx talking mongoose (presumed hoax of 1930s)
Deaths
January–June
Paavo Ruotsalainen
Étienne Maurice Gérard
Sara Coleridge
January 1 –
John George Children , British chemist, mineralogist and zoologist (b.
1777 )
January 6 –
Louis Braille , French teacher of the blind, inventor of
braille (b.
1809 )
January 27 –
Paavo Ruotsalainen , Finnish farmer and lay preacher (b.
1777 )
[17]
February 10 –
Samuel Prout , English watercolour painter (b.
1783 )
[18]
March 4 –
Nikolai Gogol , Russian writer (b.
1809 )
March 22 –
Auguste de Marmont , French general, nobleman and marshal (b.
1774 )
April 17 –
Étienne Maurice Gérard , French general, statesman and marshal, 11th
Prime Minister of France (b.
1773 )
May 3 –
Sara Coleridge , British author and translator (b.
1802 )
[19]
May 15 –
Louisa Adams ,
First Lady of the United States (b.
1775 )
June 7 –
José Joaquín Estudillo , second Mexican alcalde of Yerba Buena (b.
1800 )
June 21 –
Friedrich Fröbel , German pedagogue (b.
1782 )
June 29 –
Henry Clay , American statesman (b.
1777 )
July–December
Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington
Friedrich Ludwig Jahn
Georg August Wallin
Ada Lovelace
July 20 –
José Antonio Estudillo , early California settler (b.
1805 )
August –
Táhirih , Iranian Baha'i theologian, poet and feminist (b.
1814 )
August 14 –
Margaret Taylor ,
First Lady of the United States (b.
1788 )
August 24 –
Sarah Guppy , English inventor (b.
1770 )
September 4 –
William MacGillivray , Scottish naturalist and ornithologist (b.
1796 )
September 8 –
Anna Maria Walker , Scottish botanist (b.
1778 )
September 14
September 20 –
Philander Chase , American founder of Kenyon College (b.
1775 )
October 7 –
Sir Edward Troubridge, 2nd Baronet , British admiral (b. ca.
1787 )
October 13 –
John Lloyd Stephens , American traveler, diplomat and Mayanist archaeologist (b.
1805 )
October 15 –
Friedrich Ludwig Jahn , German gymnastics educator (b.
1778 )
October 23 –
Georg August Wallin , Finnish
orientalist , explorer and professor (b.
1811 )
[20]
October 24 –
Daniel Webster , American statesman (b.
1782 )
October 25 –
John C. Clark , American politician (b.
1793 )
October 26 –
Vincenzo Gioberti , Italian philosopher (b.
1801 )
[21]
November 2 –
Pyotr Kotlyarevsky , Russian military hero (b.
1782 )
November 10 –
Gideon Mantell , English geologist, palaeontologist (b.
1790 )
November 17 –
Adam Karl August von Eschenmayer , German philosopher (b.
1768 )
November 18 –
John Andrew Shulze , American politician (b.
1775 )
November 27 –
Augusta Ada King (née Byron), Countess of Lovelace , early English computer pioneer (b.
1815 )
November 29 –
Nicolae Bălcescu , Wallachian revolutionary (b.
1819 )
November 30 –
Junius Brutus Booth , English-born stage actor, father of
Edwin Booth and
John Wilkes Booth (b.
1796 )
December 16 –
Andries Hendrik Potgieter , Voortrekker leader (b.
1792 )
date unknown –
Joanna Żubr , Polish soldier (b.
1770 )
References
^ Ruuth, Martti (1952). Helsingin Suurkirkko satavuotias (in Finnish). Helsinki: Helsingin evankelis-luterilaisten seurakunta. p. 7.
^ King, William T. (1896).
History of the American Steam Fire-Engine . Pinkham Press.
^ Lick Observatory (1935).
Publications of the Lick Observatory of the University of California . The University. p. 23.
^ Sergeĭ Leonidovich Tikhvinskiĭ (1983).
Modern History of China . Progress Publishers. p. 166.
^
"Quick history" . New Zealand Parliament. June 29, 2021. Retrieved August 31, 2022 .
^ Kimura, Hiroshi (2008). The Kurillian Knot: A History of Japanese-Russian Border Negotiations . California: Stanford University Press. p. 23.
^ Chateaux of the Loire . Casa Editrice Bonechi. 2007. p. 10.
^ MacKenzie, Donald (2004). Mechanizing Proof: Computing, Risk, and Trust . Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. p. 103.
^ Scheina, Robert L. (2003). Latin America's Wars . Vol. I. Potomac Books, Inc. p. 1849.
^ Farrugia, Jean Young (1969). The Letter Box: A History of Post Office Pillar and Wall boxes . Fontwell: Centaur Press. p. 27.
ISBN
0-90000014-7 .
^ H. Ringer; J. P. Whitehead; J. Krometis; R. A. Harris; N. Glatt-Holtz; S. Giddens; C. Ashcraft; G. Carver; A. Robertson; M. Harward; J. Fullwood; K. Lightheart; R. Hilton; A. Avery; C. Kesler; M. Morrise; M. H. Klein (2021).
"Methodological Reconstruction of Historical Seismic Events From Anecdotal Accounts of Destructive Tsunamis: A Case Study for the Great 1852 Banda Arc Mega-Thrust Earthquake and Tsunami" (PDF) . Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth . 126 (4).
arXiv :
2009.14272 .
Bibcode :
2021JGRB..12621107R .
doi :
10.1029/2020JB021107 .
S2CID
222066748 .
Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved June 19, 2021 .
^
CommunicationSolutions/ISI, "Railroad — Western Railroad Company" , North Carolina Business History , 2006, accessed 1 Feb 2010.
^ James E. Vance (1990).
Capturing the Horizon: The Historical Geography of Transportation Since the Sixteenth Century . Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 359.
ISBN
978-0-8018-4012-8 .
^ Morison, Stanley (1960). Talbot Baines Reed: Author, Bibliographer, Typefounder . Cambridge, England: Published by Stanley Morison: printed privately by the Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–3.
^ Anne Clark Amor (1982).
The Real Alice: Lewis Carroll's Dream Child . Stein and Day. p. 13.
ISBN
978-0-8128-2870-2 .
^ Szabó, Béla (2001).
"Grosschmid, Béni" . In Michael Stolleis (ed.). Juristen: ein biographisches Lexikon; von der Antike bis zum 20. Jahrhundert (in German) (2nd ed.). München: Beck. p. 264.
ISBN
3406-45957-9 .
^
Paavo Ruotsalainen – Aholansaari (in Finnish)
^
"Samuel Prout (1783-1852)" . artuk.org . Retrieved January 3, 2017 .
^ Paula R. Feldman (January 19, 2001).
British Women Poets of the Romantic Era: An Anthology . JHU Press. p. 198.
ISBN
978-0-8018-6640-1 .
^
WALLIN, Georg August (1811–1852) – Biografiskt lexikon för Finland (in Swedish)
^ Samuel J. Rogal (1991).
Calendar of Literary Facts: A Daily and Yearly Guide to Noteworthy Events in World Literature from 1450 to the Present . Gale Research. p. 35.
ISBN
978-0-8103-2943-0 .
Further reading