While tifluadom has several effects which might have potential uses in medicine, such as analgesia and appetite stimulation, κ-opioid agonists tend to produce undesirable effects in humans such as
dysphoria and
hallucinations, and so these drugs tend to only be used in
scientific research. Dysphoric effects are similar to those seen when using other κ-opioid receptor agonists like
pentazocine and
salvinorin A, and can be considered the opposite of morphine-induced euphoria. As such, kappa agonists are believed to have very limited abuse potential.
GYKI-52895, a benzodiazepine which is a dopamine reuptake inhibitor without GABAergic function
GYKI-52,466, a benzodiazepine which is an AMPAkine and glutamate antagonist without GABAergic function
References
^US 4325957, Zeugner H, Roemer D, Liepmann H, Milkowski W, "2-Acylaminomethyl-1,4-benzodiazepine derivatives and their salts and pharmaceutical compositions thereof", issued 20 April 1982, assigned to Abbott Products GmbH
^Römer D, Büscher HH, Hill RC, Maurer R, Petcher TJ, Zeugner H, Benson W, Finner E, Milkowski W, Thies PW (1982). "Unexpected opioid activity in a known class of drug". Life Sciences. 31 (12–13): 1217–20.
doi:
10.1016/0024-3205(82)90346-0.
PMID6292610.
^Genovese RF, Dykstra LA (November 1986). "Tifluadom's effects under electric shock titration and tail-immersion procedures in squirrel monkeys". Life Sciences. 39 (19): 1713–9.
doi:
10.1016/0024-3205(86)90089-5.
PMID3773641.