Flubromazolam (JYI-73) [2][3][4] is a
triazolobenzodiazepine (TBZD), which are
benzodiazepine (BZD) derivatives.[5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Flubromazolam is reputed to be highly potent, and concerns have been raised that
clonazolam and flubromazolam in particular may pose comparatively higher risks than other designer benzodiazepines, due to their ability to produce strong
sedation and
amnesia at oral doses of as little as 0.5 mg.[12][13] Life-threatening adverse reactions have been observed at doses of only 3 mg of flubromazolam.[14]
Legal status
Sweden
Flubromazolam has been classified as an illegal substance in Sweden after seizures by customs and police, as well as indications from the
EMCDDA of wider use as a recreational drug.[15]
Switzerland
Flubromazolam is illegal in Switzerland as of December 2015.[16]
United Kingdom
In the UK, flubromazolam has been classified as a
Class C drug by the May 2017 amendment to
The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 along with several other designer benzodiazepine drugs.[17]
Australia
In Australia, flubromazolam is
Schedule 9 under federal law.[18]
United States
Flubromazolam is controlled in
Virginia. On December 23, 2022, the DEA announced it had begun consideration on the matter of placing Flubromazolam under temporary Schedule I status. [19] Later on July 25, 2023, the DEA published a pre-print notice that Flubromazolam would become temporarily scheduled as a Schedule I controlled substance from 26 July 2023 to 26 July 2025.[20]
^Huppertz LM, Bisel P, Westphal F, Franz F, Auwärter V, Moosmann B (July 2015). "Characterization of the four designer benzodiazepines clonazolam, deschloroetizolam, flubromazolam, and meclonazepam, and identification of their in vitro metabolites". Forensic Toxicology. 33 (2): 388–395.
doi:
10.1007/s11419-015-0277-6.
S2CID33278305.
^Chaslot M, El Balkhi S, Robin T, Morichon J, Picard N, Saint-Marcoux F (June 2016). "Exploration des métabolites de 8 benzodiazépines de synthèse". Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique. 28 (2): S32.
doi:
10.1016/j.toxac.2016.03.053.
^Pettersson Bergstrand M, Helander A, Hansson T, Beck O (April 2017). "Detectability of designer benzodiazepines in CEDIA, EMIT II Plus, HEIA, and KIMS II immunochemical screening assays". Drug Testing and Analysis. 9 (4): 640–645.
doi:
10.1002/dta.2003.
PMID27366870.
^Høiseth G, Tuv SS, Karinen R (November 2016). "Blood concentrations of new designer benzodiazepines in forensic cases". Forensic Science International. 268: 35–38.
doi:
10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.09.006.
PMID27685473.
^Wohlfarth A, Vikingsson S, Roman M, Andersson M, Kugelberg FC, Green H, Kronstrand R (May 2017). "Looking at flubromazolam metabolism from four different angles: Metabolite profiling in human liver microsomes, human hepatocytes, mice and authentic human urine samples with liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry". Forensic Science International. Special Issue on the 54th Annual Meeting of the International Association of Forensic Toxicologists (TIAFT) Brisbane from August 28 to September 1, 2016. 274: 55–63.
doi:
10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.10.021.
PMID27863836.