4-Methoxyphencyclidine (methoxydine, 4-MeO-PCP) is a
dissociativeanesthetic drug that has been sold online as a
research chemical. The synthesis of 4-MeO-PCP was first reported in 1965 by the
Parke-Davis medicinal chemist Victor Maddox.[1] A 1999 review published by a chemist using the pseudonym John Q. Beagle suggested the potency of 4-MeO-PCP in man was reduced relative to PCP, two years later Beagle published a detailed description of the synthesis and qualitative effects of 4-MeO-PCP, which he said possessed 70% the potency of PCP.[1] 4-MeO-PCP was the first
arylcyclohexylamine research chemical to be sold online, it was introduced in late 2008 by a company trading under the name CBAY and was followed by several related compounds such as
3-MeO-PCP and
methoxetamine.[1][2] 4-MeO-PCP has lower affinity for the
NMDA receptor than PCP, but higher affinity than
ketamine, it is orally active in a dosage range similar to ketamine, with some users requiring doses in excess of 100 mg for desired effects.[1][3] Users have reported substantial differences in active dose, these discrepancies can be partially explained by the presence of unreacted PCC and other impurities in samples sold on the
grey market.[1] 4-MeO-PCP has
Ki values of 404 nM for the
NMDA receptor, 713 nM for the
norepinephrine transporter, 844 nM for the
serotonin transporter, 296 nM for the
σ1 receptor and 143 nM for the
σ2 receptor.[3]
4-MeO-PCP hydrochloride is a white crystalline solid with a melting point of 181-182 °C[4]
On October 18, 2012, the
Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs in the
United Kingdom released a
report about
methoxetamine, saying that the "harms of methoxetamine are commensurate with
Class B of the
Misuse of Drugs Act (1971)", despite the fact that the act does not classify drugs based on harm. The report went on to suggest that all analogues of MXE should also become class B drugs and suggested a catch-all clause covering both existing and unresearched arylcyclohexamines, including 4-MeO-PCP.[6]
Sweden's public health agency suggested classifying 4-MeO-PCP as hazardous substance on November 10, 2014.[7]
As per Chile's
Ley de drogas, aka Ley 20000,[8] all esters and ethers of PCP are illegal. As 4-MeO-PCP is an
ether of PCP, it is thus illegal.
^
abcdeMorris H, Wallach J (2014). "From PCP to MXE: a comprehensive review of the non-medical use of dissociative drugs". Drug Testing and Analysis. 6 (7–8): 614–632.
doi:
10.1002/dta.1620.
PMID24678061.
^Wallach J, De Paoli G, Adejare A, Brandt SD (2013). "Preparation and analytical characterization of 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine (PCP) and 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)pyrrolidine (PCPy) analogues". Drug Testing and Analysis. 6 (7–8): 633–650.
doi:
10.1002/dta.1468.
PMID23554350.