Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, (GSK-3 beta), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GSK3B gene. [5] [6] In mice, the enzyme is encoded by the Gsk3b gene. [7] Abnormal regulation and expression of GSK-3 beta is associated with an increased susceptibility towards bipolar disorder. [8]
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 ( GSK-3) is a proline-directed serine-threonine kinase that was initially identified as a phosphorylating and an inactivating agent of glycogen synthase. Two isoforms, alpha ( GSK3A) and beta, show a high degree of amino acid homology. [5] GSK3B is involved in energy metabolism, neuronal cell development, and body pattern formation. [9] [10] It might be a new therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
Homozygous disruption of the Gsk3b locus in mice results in embryonic lethality during mid-gestation. [7] This lethality phenotype could be rescued by inhibition of tumor necrosis factor. [7]
Two SNPs at this gene, rs334558 (-50T/C) and rs3755557 (-1727A/T), are associated with efficacy of lithium treatment in bipolar disorder. [11]
Pharmacological inhibition of ERK1/2 restores GSK-3 beta activity and protein synthesis levels in a model of tuberous sclerosis. [12]
GSK3B has been shown to interact with:
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