Duke of Bavaria from 1579 to 1597
William V (29 September 1548 – 7 February 1626), called the Pious , (German: Wilhelm V., der Fromme, Herzog von Bayern ) was
Duke of Bavaria from 1579 to 1597.
Education and early life
William V was born in
Landshut , the son of
Albert V and
Archduchess Anna of Austria .
He received a
Jesuit education and showed keen attachment to the Jesuit
Counter Reformation tenets. His title 'the Pious' was given to him because he devoted his daily routine to masses (when possible, several times a day), prayer, contemplation, and devotional reading. He took part in public devotions, processions, and pilgrimages.
William V's residence as crown prince was the ancient fortified Wittelsbach seat
Trausnitz Castle , which he renovated extensively between 1568 and 1578. His projects, including the construction of an arcaded inner court, changed the Gothic castle into a Renaissance palace complex.
Reign
Like his
Wittelsbach father and grandfather, William V was a strong supporter of the
counter-reformation . He secured the
archbishopric of
Cologne for his brother Ernest with his campaign in 1583; his brother
Ferdinand commanded the Bavarian army in the first 18 months of the
Cologne War in an effort to secure the
Electorate . Eventually, the Spanish army, under the command of
Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma expelled the Calvinist contender for the Electorate,
Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg , and Ernst secured sole possession of both the Electorate and the Archdiocese of Cologne. This dignity remained in the possession of the family for nearly 200 years. Two of William V's sons also followed ecclesiastical careers:
Philipp Wilhelm of Bavaria became the
Bishop of Regensburg and eventually a
Cardinal , and
Ferdinand of Bavaria succeeded his uncle as
Archbishop of Cologne . In 1591, Philipp Wilhelm expelled
Salzburg from the
Berchtesgaden Provostry , the future possession of his son Ferdinand.
During William V's reign, non-Catholics were forced to leave Bavaria, and the so-called
Geistlicher Rat , an ecclesiastical council, was formed to advise William V on theological affairs, independent of the traditional privy council or the treasury, which administered secular affairs. The Geistlicher Rat supervised and disciplined the duchy's Catholic clergy through regular visitations; it controlled the Catholicism of all the state officials by issuing certificates documenting their annual confession and communion; it funded new Catholic schools, new Catholic colleges, new houses of religious orders, especially the
missionary and educational ones, such as the Jesuits and
Capuchins for men and the
Ursulines for women. William V is responsible for numerous executions due to
witch-hunts in his duchy.[
citation needed ]
In 1582 William V gifted a Trumpeter Automaton with five trumpeters and one drummer to the
Habsburg Archduke of Tyrol Ferdinand II (1529-1595). The Automaton was crafted in the Free Imperial City of Augsburg by the jeweler
Valentin Drausch and the clockmaker
Hans Schlottheim .
[2]
The
Jesuit
St. Michael's Church and
college of the Jesuits were built in Munich between 1583 and 1597 as spiritual centers for the counter-reformation. William V's spending on Church-related projects, including funding missionaries outside Bavaria—as far away as Asia and the Americas—put tremendous strain on the Bavarian treasury. The Italian confidence man
Marco Bragadino who was promising to make copious amounts of gold to erase the Dukes's debts was called upon by William V in 1590, and executed after he had failed. William V abdicated on 15 October 1597 in favour of his son,
Maximilian I and retired into a monastery where he spent the remainder of his life in contemplation and prayer. He died in 1626 at the
Old Schleissheim Palace and was buried at St. Michael's Church, Munich.
Cultural activity
Wilhelminische Veste (1860)
Already as crown prince in Landshut, William V patronised the arts. His court architect
Friedrich Sustris was in charge of the decoration and remodelling of Trausnitz Castle in Landshut. Later when he ascended to rule, Sustris also undertook the expansion of the
Munich Residenz , the construction of the adjoining college, the palace
Wilhelminische Veste (the so-called Maxburg ) in Munich, and St. Michael's Church .
In 1589, William V built the
Hofbräu Brewery .
The Old Schleissheim Palace was founded by William V in 1598 as a
renaissance country house and hermitage located close to
Dachau Palace . The sculptors
Hans Krumpper and
Hubert Gerhard along with painters
Peter Candid and
Hans von Aachen were engaged at his court.
Family and children
William V, Duke of Bavaria and his wife,
Renata of Lorraine
Married
Renata of Lorraine (1544–1602) in
Munich on 22 February 1568. They had:
Christoph (born and died 23 January 1570).
Christine (23 September 1571 – 27 April 1580), died in childhood.
Maximilian I (1573–1651), future Duke and Elector of Bavaria
Maria Anna of Bavaria (Maria Anna v. Bayern), 1574–1616, married
Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor in 1600
Philipp Wilhelm (22 September 1576 – 18 May 1598), Bishop of
Regensburg from 1595,
Cardinal from 1597
Ferdinand (6 October 1577 – 13 September 1650),
Archbishop and
prince-elector of
Cologne (1612–1650)
Eleonore Magdalene (7 October 1578 – 18 April 1579), died in infancy.
Karl (30 May 1580 – 27 October 1587), died in childhood.
Albert VI (1584–1666), in 1612 married Mechthilde v. Leuchtenberg (1588–1634)
Magdalene of Bavaria (4 July 1587 – 25 September 1628), married in 1613,
Wolfgang Wilhelm, Pfalzgraf von Neuburg (1578–1663)
Ancestors
Ancestors of William V, Duke of Bavaria 16.
Albert III, Duke of Bavaria
[11] 8.
Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria
[6] 17.
Anna of Brunswick-Grubenhagen-Einbeck
[12] 4.
William IV, Duke of Bavaria
[4] 18.
Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor
[13] 9.
Kunigunde of Austria
[6] 19.
Eleanor of Portugal
[13]
Albert V, Duke of Bavaria 20.
Christopher I, Margrave of Baden-Baden
[7] 10.
Philip I, Margrave of Baden-Sponheim
[7] 21.
Ottilie von Katzenelnbogen
[7] 5.
Marie of Baden-Sponheim
[4] 22.
Philip, Elector Palatine
[14] 11.
Elisabeth of the Palatinate
[7] 23.
Margaret of Bavaria
[14] William V, Duke of Bavaria 24.
Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
[15] 12.
Philip I of Castile
[8]
[9] 25.
Mary of Burgundy
[15] 6.
Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
[5] 26.
Ferdinand II of Aragon
[16] 13.
Joanna of Castile
[9] 27.
Isabella I of Castile
[16]
Anna of Austria 28.
Casimir IV Jagiellon
[17] 14.
Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary
[10] 29.
Archduchess Elisabeth of Austria
[17] 7.
Anna of Bohemia and Hungary
[5] 30.
Gaston de Foix, Count of Candale
[18] 15.
Anna of Foix-Candale
[10] 31.
Infanta Catherine of Navarre
[18]
References
^ Jessica Keating (2018). Animating Empire: Automata, the Holy Roman Empire, and the Early Modern World . Penn State University Press. p. 2.
ISBN
9780271081519 .
^
a
b Goetz, Walter (1953),
"Albrecht V." ,
Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 1, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 158–160 ; (
full text online )
^
a
b
Wurzbach, Constantin von , ed. (1860).
"Habsburg, Anna von Oesterreich (1528–1587)" .
Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire ] (in German). Vol. 6. p. 151 – via
Wikisource .
^
a
b Riezler, Sigmund Ritter von (1897), "
Wilhelm IV. ",
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 42, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 705–717
^
a
b
c
d Brüning, Rainer (2001),
"Philipp I." ,
Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 20, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, p. 372 ; (
full text online )
^
Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor at the
Encyclopædia Britannica
^
a
b
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor at the
Encyclopædia Britannica
^
a
b Obermayer-Marnach, Eva (1953),
"Anna Jagjello" ,
Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 1, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, p. 299 ; (
full text online )
^ Rall, Hans (1953),
"Albrecht IV." ,
Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 1, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, p. 157 ; (
full text online )
^ Rall, Hans (1953),
"Albrect III." ,
Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 1, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, p. 156 ; (
full text online )
^
a
b
Wurzbach, Constantin von , ed. (1860).
"Habsburg, Friedrich V. der Friedfertige" .
Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire ] (in German). Vol. 6. p. 265 – via
Wikisource .
^
a
b Dotterweich, Helmut (1962).
Der junge Maximilian: Jugend und Erziehung des bayerischen Herzogs und späteren Kurfürsten Maximilian I. von 1573 bis 1593 [The Young Maximilian: Youth and Education of the Bavarian Duke and Later Elector Maximilian I from 1573 to 1593 ]. R. Pflaum. p. 188.
^
a
b
Philip I, King of Castile at the
Encyclopædia Britannica
^
a
b
Chisholm, Hugh , ed. (1911).
"Joanna" .
Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
^
a
b
Casimir IV, King of Poland at the
Encyclopædia Britannica
^
a
b Noubel, P., ed. (1877).
Revue de l'Agenais [Review of the Agenais ] (in French). Vol. 4. Société des sciences, lettres et arts d'Agen. p. 497.
Sources
Thomas, Andrew L. (2010). A House Divided: Wittelsbach Confessional Court Cultures in the Holy Roman, c.1550-1650 . Brill.
External links
William V, Duke of Bavaria
Born: 29 September 1548 Died: 7 February 1626
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Duke of Bavaria 1579–1597
Succeeded by
Garibald I (555–591)
Tassilo I (591–610)
Garibald II (610–625)
Theodo (c.680–716)
Theodbert (c.716–c.719)
Theobald (c.716–c.719)
Tassilo II (c.716–c.719)
Grimoald (715–725)
Hugbert (725–736)
Odilo (736–748)
Grifo (748)
Tassilo III (748–788)
Louis II the German (King: 817–843)
Carloman (King: 876–880)
Louis III the Younger (King: 880–882)
Charles the Fat (King: 882–887)
Engeldeo (Margrave: 890–895)
Luitpold (Margrave: 895–907)
Arnulf (907–937)
Eberhard (937–938)
Berthold (938–947)
Henry I (947–955)
Henry II the Quarrelsome (955–976, 985–995)
Otto I (976–982)
Henry III the Younger (983–985)
Henry IV (995–1004, 1009–1017)
Henry V (1004–1009, 1017–1026)
Henry VI (1026–1042)
Henry VII (1042–1047)
Conrad I (1049–1053)
Henry VIII (1053–1054, 1055–1061)
Conrad II (1054–1055)
Otto of Nordheim (1061–1070)
Welf I (1070–1077, 1096–1101)
Henry VIII (1077–1096)
Welf II (1101–1120)
Henry IX the Black (1120–1126)
Henry X (1126–1138)
Leopold I (1139–1141)
Henry XI Jasomirgott (1143–1156)
Henry XII the Lion (1156–1180)
Otto the Redhead (1180–1183)
Agnes of Loon (Regent: 1183–1191)
Louis I (1183–1231)
Otto the Illustrious (1231–1253)
Louis II the Strict (1253–1255; Upper: 1255–1294)
Henry XIII (Lower: 1253–1290)
Louis III (Lower: 1290–1296)
Stephen I (Lower: 1290–1310)
Otto III (Lower: 1290–1312)
Matilda (Upper: Regent: 1294–1302)
Rudolph I (Upper: 1294–1317)
Henry XV the Natternberger (Lower: 1312–1333)
Otto VI (Lower: 1310–1334)
Henry XIV (Lower: 1310–1339)
John I the Child (Lower: 1339–1340)
Louis IV (Upper: 1301–1340; 1340–1347)
Otto V , (1347–1349; Upper: 1349–1351; Landshut: 1373–1379)
Louis V the Brandenburger , (1347–1349; Upper: 1349–1361)
Meinhard I (Upper: 1361–1363)
Louis VI , (1347–1365)
Stephen II , (1347–1349; Lower: 1349–1353; Landshut: 1353–1375; Upper: 1363)
William I , (1347–1349; Lower: 1349–1353; Straubing: 1353–1388)
Albert I , (1347–1349; Lower: 1349–1353; Straubing: 1353–1404)
Albert II (Straubing: 1389–1397)
William II (Straubing: 1404–1417)
Jacqueline (Straubing: 1417-1429)
John III the Pitiless (Straubing: 1417-1425)
William III (Munich: 1397–1435; Straubing: 1429–1435)
Ernest (Munich: 1397–1438; Straubing: 1429–1438)
Frederick I the Wise (1375–1392; Landshut: 1392–1393)
John II (1375–1392; Munich: 1392–1397)
Stephen III the Magnificent (1375–1392; Ingolstadt: 1392–1413)
Louis VII the Bearded (Ingolstadt: 1413–1443)
Louis VIII the Hunchback (Ingolstadt: 1443–1445)
Henry XVI the Rich (Landshut: 1393–1450; Ingolstadt: 1447–1450)
Albert III (Munich: 1438–1460)
John IV (Munich: 1460–1463)
Sigismund (Munich: 1460–1467; Dachau: 1467–1501)
Louis IX the Rich (Landshut: 1450–1479)
George I the Rich (Landshut: 1479–1503)
Albert IV the Wise (Munich: 1465–1505; 1505–1508)
William IV the Steadfast (Munich: 1460–1508; Landshut: 1503–1508; 1508–1550)
Louis X , Duke (1516–1545)
Albert V the Magnanimous (1550–1579)
William V the Pious (1579–1597)
Maximilian I (1597–1623)
International National Artists People Other