From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Calendar year
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
1819 .
August 7 :
Battle of Boyacá
August 16 :
Peterloo Massacre
1819 (
MDCCCXIX ) was a
common year starting on Friday of the
Gregorian calendar and a
common year starting on Wednesday of the
Julian calendar , the 1819th year of the
Common Era (CE) and
Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 819th year of the
2nd millennium , the 19th year of the
19th century , and the 10th and last year of the
1810s decade. As of the start of 1819, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
Events
January–March
January 2 – The
Panic of 1819 , the first major peacetime
financial crisis in the
United States , begins.
January 25 –
Thomas Jefferson founds the
University of Virginia .
January 29 – Sir
Stamford Raffles lands on the island of
Singapore .
February 2 –
Dartmouth College v. Woodward : The Supreme Court of the United States under
John Marshall rules in favor of
Dartmouth College , allowing Dartmouth to keep its charter and remain a private institution.
February 6 – The
Treaty of Singapore , between
Hussein Shah of Johor and the British Sir
Stamford Raffles , founds a trading settlement in
Singapore .
February 15 – The
United States House of Representatives agrees to the
Tallmadge Amendment , barring slaves from the new state of Missouri (the opening vote in a controversy that leads to the
Missouri Compromise ).
February 19 – Captain
William Smith of British merchant
brig Williams sights
Williams Point , the northeast extremity of
Livingston Island in the
South Shetlands , the first land discovered south of
latitude 60° S.
February 22 –
Adams–Onís Treaty : Spain cedes
Florida to the United States, in exchange for the American renunciation of any claims on
Texas that it might have from the
Louisiana Purchase , and $5 million.
March 1 – U.S. naval vessel
USS Columbus is launched in Washington, D.C.
March 6 –
McCulloch v. Maryland : The
U.S. Supreme Court rules that the
Bank of the United States is constitutional.
March 20 –
Burlington Arcade opens in London.
March 23 – In
Mannheim ,
Duchy of Baden , German dramatist
August von Kotzebue is assassinated by
Karl Ludwig Sand .
April–June
April 6 –
June 21 – French
slave ship Le Rodeur sails from
Bonny in West Africa to
Guadeloupe in the West Indies; in the course of the transatlantic voyage many onboard become blind, and thirty
slaves are thrown overboard as a consequence.
[1]
April 7 (N.S.) (
March 26 O.S.) – The
Governorate of Livonia of the Russian Empire emancipates its peasants from
serfdom .
May 22 – The
SS Savannah leaves port at
Savannah, Georgia , on a voyage to become the first
steamship to cross the Atlantic Ocean, although only a fraction of the trip will be made under steam. The ship arrives at
Liverpool , England, nearly a month later, on
June 20 .
May 22 – The city of
Memphis, Tennessee , is founded.
June 16 – The 7.7–8.2
Rann of Kutch earthquake kills at least 1,543 people in the modern-day
Indian state of
Gujarat at the
Arabian Sea , causing an 80–150 km (50–93 mi) stretch of land to be raised as much as 6 m (20 ft), creating a natural dam, the Allahbund.
July–September
July 1 – German astronomer
Johann Georg Tralles discovers what will be called the
Great Comet of 1819 .
[2]
July 21 – Explorer
William Parry , sailing in the Arctic in a quest for the
Northwest Passage through North America, guides the ships
HMS Hecla and
HMS Griper through an iceberg-laden passage that will later be named the
Parry Channel .
[3]
July 24 – A cabinet meeting is convened by British Prime Minister
Lord Liverpool to discuss an investigative report of an adulterous affair involving the wife of
George, Prince of Wales and regent for his ailing father. Despite reports that
Princess Caroline is involved with her servant, Bartolomeo Pergami, the cabinet concludes that the trial of Caroline for adultery would be an embarrassment to the nation.
[4]
July 30 – At
Edwardsville, Illinois , the United States concludes a treaty with the Kickapoo tribe, receiving their lands in return for their relocation to Missouri.
[5]
August 2 –
Hep-Hep riots , communal
pogroms against
Ashkenazi Jews in the German Federation begin at
Würzburg in Bavaria; they continue until October with many Jews killed.
August 6 –
Norwich University is founded by Captain
Alden Partridge in
Vermont as the first private military school in the United States.
August 7 –
Battle of Boyacá :
Simón Bolívar is victorious over the Royalist Army in
Colombia . Colombia acquires its definitive independence from
Spanish rule .
August 16 –
Peterloo Massacre : The cavalry charges into a crowd of radical protesters in
Manchester , England, resulting in 15 deaths and over 600 injuries.
Unknown day of September – the
1819 Balloon riot .
September 20 – The
Carlsbad Decrees are issued throughout the
German Confederation , suppressing liberal and nationalist views.
October–December
October – The
ʻAi Noa Movement takes power in
Hawaii .
October 13 – Treaty between the Raja of Cutch
Deshalji II , and
East India Company .
Cutch State entered in rule of East India Company.
[6]
October 15 –
Desolation Island , in the
South Shetland Islands of the Antarctic, is discovered by Captain
William Smith , in the Williams .
November 2 –
Bagyidaw is crowned as
Emperor of Burma , at the imperial capital of
Inwa .
November 3 – The
USS Congress , commanded by Captain
John D. Henley , becomes the first American warship to visit
China , landing at
Lintin Island , off of the coast of
Canton .
[7]
November 19 – The
Museo del Prado , one of the world's great art galleries, opens in
Madrid .
[8] Initially, it has only 311 significant paintings.
[9]
November 25 – A
British expeditionary force reaches
Ras Al Khaimah in the
Persian Gulf , preparatory to the bombardment and invasion of the town, which led to the signing of the
General Maritime Treaty of 1820 between the British and what were to become known as the
Trucial States .
December 14 –
Alabama is admitted as the 22nd
U.S. state .
December 17
Date unknown
Births
January–June
John Ruskin
Queen Victoria
Jacques Offenbach
January 1 –
Arthur Hugh Clough , English poet (d.
1861 )
January 6 –
Baldassare Verazzi , Italian painter (d.
1886 )
January 7 –
Theresa Pulszky , European author (d.
1866 )
January 9 –
William Powell Frith , English painter (d.
1909 )
February 8
February 11 –
Samuel Parkman Tuckerman , American composer (d.
1890 )
February 14 –
Christopher Latham Sholes , American inventor (d.
1890 )
February 20 –
Alfred Escher , Swiss politician, railroad entrepreneur (d.
1882 )
February 22 –
James Russell Lowell , American poet, essayist (d.
1891 )
March 3 –
Gustave de Molinari , Belgian economist (d.
1912 )
March 14 –
Erik Edlund , Swedish physicist, meteorologist (d.
1888 )
March 26 –
Louise Otto-Peters , German women's rights movement activist (d.
1895 )
March 31 –
Chlodwig, Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst ,
Chancellor of Germany (d.
1901 )
April 4 – Queen
Maria II of Portugal (d.
1853 )
April 11 –
Charles Hallé , German pianist, conductor (d.
1895 )
April 18
April 23 –
Edward Stafford , Scottish-New Zealand educator and politician, 3rd
Prime Minister of New Zealand (d.
1901 )
April 28 –
Ezra Abbot , American Biblical scholar (d.
1884 )
May 5 –
Stanisław Moniuszko , Polish composer (d.
1872 )
May 24 –
Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom (d.
1901 )
May 27
May 31
June 5 –
John Couch Adams , English astronomer (d.
1892 )
June 10 –
Gustave Courbet , French painter (d.
1877 )
June 12 –
Charles Kingsley , English clergyman, historian, and novelist (d.
1875 )
[12]
June 20 –
Jacques Offenbach , German-born French composer (d.
1880 )
June 29 –
Nicolae Bălcescu , Wallachian revolutionary (d.
1852 )
July–December
Clara Schumann
Léon Foucault
Theodor Fontane
July 8 –
Francis Leopold McClintock , Irish explorer and admiral in British Royal Navy (d.
1907 )
July 9 –
Elias Howe , American inventor,
sewing machine pioneer (d.
1867 )
July 19 –
Gottfried Keller , Swiss writer (d.
1890 )
[13]
July 26 –
Justin Holland , American musician, civil rights activist (d.
1887 )
August 1
August 7 –
Ion Emanuel Florescu , Romanian general and politician, two-time
Prime Minister of Romania (d.
1893 )
August 9 –
William Thomas Green Morton , American dentist who first administered
ether (d.
1868 )
August 13 – Sir
George Gabriel Stokes , Irish mathematician, physicist (d.
1903 )
August 19 –
Julius van Zuylen van Nijevelt , Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d.
1894 )
August 25 –
Allan Pinkerton , American detective (d.
1884 )
August 26 –
Prince Albert , Prince Consort to
Queen Victoria (d.
1861 )
[14]
September 13 –
Clara Schumann , German composer, pianist (d.
1896 )
September 17 –
Marthinus Wessel Pretorius , 1st President of the South African Republic (d.
1901 )
September 18 –
Léon Foucault , French physicist (d.
1868 )
September 20 –
Théodore Chassériau , French painter (d.
1856 )
September 22 –
Wilhelm Wattenbach , German historian (d.
1897 )
September 23 –
Hippolyte Fizeau , French physicist (d.
1896 )
September 26 –
Edward Watkin , English railway pioneer, politician (d.
1901 )
September 28 –
Narcís Monturiol ,
Catalan intellectual, artist and engineer (d.
1885 )
October 2 –
Théonie Rivière Mignot , American restaurateur and businesswoman (d.
1875 )
October 16 –
Austin F. Pike , American politician from New Hampshire (d.
1886 )
October 20 – The
Báb , Persian founder of the
Bábi Faith (d.
1850 )
November 4 –
Christopher Raymond Perry Rodgers , American admiral (d.
1892 )
November 9 –
Annibale de Gasparis , Italian astronomer (d.
1892 )
November 22 –
George Eliot , British novelist (d.
1880 )
November 24 –
John Cummings Howell , United States Navy admiral (d.
1892 )
December 10 –
Felice Orsini , Italian revolutionary (d.
1858 )
December 29 –
Carl Siegmund Franz Credé , German gynecologist, obstetrician (d.
1892 )
December 30 –
Theodor Fontane , German writer (d.
1898 )
[15]
Date unknown
Deaths
January–June
Kamehameha I
January 9 – Princess
Catherine Pavlovna of Russia , Queen of Württemberg (b.
1788 )
January 12 –
Benedikte Naubert , German writer (b.
1752 )
January 19 –
Elsa Beata Bunge ,
Swedish
botanist (b.
1734 )
January 20 – King
Charles IV of Spain (b.
1748 )
February 17 –
Henry Constantine Jennings , British collector, gambler (b.
1731 )
February 25 –
Francisco Manoel de Nascimento , Portuguese poet (b.
1734 )
March –
Nonosabasut ,
Beothuk (indigenous Canadian) leader
March 10 –
Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi , German philosopher (b.
1743 )
April 15 –
Oliver Evans , American inventor, engineer and businessman (b.
1755 )
May 8 –
Kamehameha I , King of Hawaii (b.
1738 )
May 22 –
Hugh Williamson , American Founding Father (b.
1735 )
June 6 –
Johann von Hiller , Austrian general (b.
1754 )
June 28 –
María Antonia Santos Plata , Neogranadine rebel leader, heroine (b.
1782 )
July–December
Oliver Hazard Perry
James Watt
July 1 – the
Public Universal Friend , American preacher (b.
1752 )
[16]
July 6 –
Sophie Blanchard , French aeronaut (b.
1778 )
July 20 –
John Playfair , Scottish scientist, mathematician (b.
1748 )
July 26 –
George Leonard , American lawyer, jurist and politician (b.
1729 )
August 3 –
Simon Knéfacz , Croatian writer (b.
1752 )
August 9 –
John Faucheraud Grimké , American politician (b.
1752 )
August 16 –
William Lewis , American politician (b.
1752 )
August 21 –
Haim Farhi , Jewish adviser to the Ottoman Empire (assassinated) (b.
1760 )
August 23 –
Oliver Hazard Perry , American naval officer (b.
1785 )
August 25 –
James Watt , Scottish inventor (b.
1736 )
[17]
September 12 –
Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher , Prussian general (b.
1742 )
September 18 –
John Langdon , American Founding Father (b.
1741 )
September 20 –
Abbé Faria , Luso-Goan hypnotist (b.
1746 )
October 6 –
Charles Emmanuel IV of Savoy , King of Sardinia (b.
1751 )
October 7 –
William Samuel Johnson , American Founding Father (b.
1727 )
October 13 –
Imperial Concubine Chun of the
Jiaqing Emperor of China
October 26 –
Thomas Johnson , American politician and jurist (b.
1732 )
November 7 –
Caleb Strong , American politician (b.
1745 )
November 9 –
Simon Snyder , American politician (b.
1759 )
November 25 –
Alexander Tormasov , Russian general (b.
1752 )
December 5 –
Friedrich Leopold zu Stolberg-Stolberg , German poet (b.
1750 )
December 15 –
Daniel Rutherford , Scottish physician, chemist and botanist (b.
1749 )
December 17 –
Charles Finch (MP) , British politician (b.
1752 )
December 19
Date unknown
References
^
"Western Africa" . The Missionary Register . 9 . London:
Church Missionary Society : 284–5. July 1821.
^ Dometa Wiegand Brothers, The Romantic Imagination and Astronomy: On All Sides Infinity (Springer, 2015) p. 127
^ Clements R. Markham, The Lands of Silence: A History of Arctic and Antarctic Exploration (Cambridge University Press, 2014) p. 207
^ Saul David, Prince of Pleasure: The Prince of Wales and the Making of the Regency (Grove Press, 2000) p. 388
^ Arrell M. Gibson, Kickapoos: Lords of the Middle Border (University of Oklahoma Press, 1975) p. 81.
^ James Burgess, The Chronology of Modern India , p. 313, Edinburgh, 1913
^ George B. Clark, Treading Softly: U.S. Marines in China, 1819-1949 (Greenwood, 2001) p1
^ "Museums and their precursors: a brief survey", in Manual of Curatorship: A Guide to Museum Practice , ed. by John M. A. Thompson (Routledge, 2015)
^ James Leonard Mack, My Life, My Country, My World (Dorrance Publishing, 2008)
^ Journal of a Voyage to Discover a North-west Passage . 1821.
^
Miller, James E. Walt Whitman . New York: Twayne Publishers, Inc. 1962. Page 17
^
Chisholm, Hugh , ed. (1911). "
Kingsley, Charles ".
Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 817.
^ Jochen Kurten (July 19, 2019).
"Gottfried Keller at 200: An enduring literary legacy" . DW.com . Retrieved July 3, 2023 .
^
"Albert, Prince Consort | Biography, Children, & Facts" . Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved April 10, 2021 .
^ Philip Gaskell (1999). Landmarks in Continental European Literature . Fitzroy Dearborn. p. 181.
ISBN
9781579581916 .
^ Wisbey, Herbert A. Jr (2009) [1965].
Pioneer Prophetess: Jemima Wilkinson, the Publick Universal Friend . Cornell University Press.
ISBN
978-0-8014-7551-1 . , p. 163; Moyer, Paul B. The Public Universal Friend: Jemima Wilkinson and Religious Enthusiasm in Revolutionary America. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2015, p. 243
^
"James Watt | Biography, Inventions, Steam Engine, Significance, & Facts | Britannica" . www.britannica.com . Retrieved May 14, 2023 .