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This article is about the year 1870. For the 1971 Italian film, see
1870 (film) .
Calendar year
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
1870 .
July 19 : Start of the
Franco-Prussian War
1870 (
MDCCCLXX ) was a
common year starting on Saturday of the
Gregorian calendar and a
common year starting on Thursday of the
Julian calendar , the 1870th year of the
Common Era (CE) and
Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 870th year of the
2nd millennium , the 70th year of the
19th century , and the 1st year of the
1870s decade. As of the start of 1870, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
Events
January–March
January 1
January 3 – Construction of the
Brooklyn Bridge begins in New York City.
January 6 – The
Musikverein , Vienna, is inaugurated in
Austria-Hungary .
January 10 –
John D. Rockefeller incorporates
Standard Oil .
January 15 – A
political cartoon for the first time symbolizes the
United States Democratic Party with a
donkey (A Live Jackass Kicking a Dead Lion by
Thomas Nast for
Harper's Weekly ).
January 23 –
Marias Massacre : U.S. soldiers attack a peaceful camp of
Piegan Blackfeet Indians, led by chief Heavy Runner.
January 26 –
Reconstruction Era (United States):
Virginia rejoins the Union. This year it adopts a
new Constitution , drawn up by
John Curtiss Underwood , expanding suffrage to all male citizens over 21, including
freedmen .
January 28 – British
SS City of Boston departs
Halifax, Nova Scotia , on a transatlantic passage on which it will be lost with all 191 aboard.
February –
Denis Vrain-Lucas is sentenced to 2 years in prison for multiple
forgery , in Paris.
February 1 –
Goodna State School in
Goodna, Queensland , Australia, is founded.
February 2
February 3 – The
15th Amendment to the United States Constitution , guaranteeing
African American men the right to vote, is passed.
February 9 – The U.S. Army
Weather Bureau is created within the
Army Signal Corps .
February 10 –
Anaheim, California , is incorporated.
February 12 –
Women's suffrage : Women gain the
right to vote in
Utah Territory .
February 23 – Military control of
Mississippi ends and it is readmitted to the Union.
February 25 –
Hiram Rhodes Revels , a
Republican from Mississippi, is sworn into the
United States Senate , becoming the first African American to sit in the
U.S. Congress .
February 26
February 27 – The Nisshoki 'circle of the sun'
flag of Japan is adopted as the national flag for Japanese merchant ships, by proclamation of the
Daijō-kan .
February 28 – The
Bulgarian Exarchate is established, by decree of Sultan
Abdülaziz of the
Ottoman Empire .
March – The
Mitsubishi Company is established in Japan as a
shipping firm, by
Iwasaki Yatarō with
Thomas Blake Glover .
March 1 –
Battle of Cerro Corá ,
Paraguay : Marshal
Francisco Solano López 's last troops are cornered by those of the Triple Alliance. López refuses to surrender and is killed, ending the
Paraguayan War .
March 4 –
Red River Rebellion :
Thomas Scott is executed by
Louis Riel 's provisional government, in modern-day
Manitoba , Canada.
March 5 – The first ever international
Association football match,
England v Scotland , takes place under the auspices of
the Football Association at
The Oval , London.
March 10 –
Deutsche Bank is founded in Berlin.
March 18 –
Female Infanticide Prevention Act, 1870 , passed in British India.
March 19 – The Ohio Legislature passes the Cannon Act, thereby establishing the Ohio Agriculture and Mechanical College, later
Ohio State University .
March 24
March 30
March 31 –
Thomas Mundy Peterson is the first African American to vote in an election.
April–June
April 11 – A
7.3 earthquake shakes the Chinese county of
Batang causing a fire that leaves about 5,000 dead.
April 13 –
The Metropolitan Museum of Art was established.
April 27 –
Antonio Guzmán Blanco begins his first term as
President of Venezuela .
April 29 – The Chicago Base Ball Club, later to be known as the Chicago White Stockings and ultimately the
Chicago Cubs , play their first game against the St. Louis Unions of the
National Association of Base Ball Players , an amateur league.
May 12
May 14 – The first
rugby match is played in New Zealand, between the Nelson Football Club and
Nelson College .
May 25 The
Fenian Brotherhood attacks
Eccles hill
June 8 – The final splice on the first
telegraph submarine cable between
Great Britain and
India is made.
June 9 – English novelist
Charles Dickens dies at
Gads Hill Place in
Kent , leaving his last book,
The Mystery of Edwin Drood , unfinished.
June 21 – The
Tianjin Massacre of 17 foreigners (mostly European Christian priests and nuns) and 40 Chinese people who had converted to Christianity, takes place in China when an angry mob attacks churches established in the city.
[6]
June 22
June 23 –The first message by
electric telegraph using the
Great Britain to
India submarine cable is sent from
London .
June 26 –
Richard Wagner 's opera
Die Walküre is first performed at
Munich 's
National Theatre .
June 28 – American President
Ulysses S. Grant signs an act making the
United States Independence Day ,
Thanksgiving Day ,
Christmas Day and
New Year's Day federal holidays in the United States.
[7]
[8]
July–September
July 14 – The
Ems Dispatch is published, serving as
casus belli for a war between
Prussia and France.
July 15
July 18 –
Pastor aeternus :
Pope Pius IX declares
papal infallibility , in matters of faith and morals.
July 19 –
Franco-Prussian War : France declares war on
Prussia .
July 28 – Start of
Solar Saros 153 . The final eclipse in this series will be in 3114.
July 30 – The '
Diggers' Republic ' is proclaimed at Klipdrift in South Africa by diamond miners, with
Stafford Parker as president.
August 2 – The
Tower Subway beneath the
River Thames in London, the world's first underground passenger "tube" railway, officially opens.
[9] Although this lasts as a railway operation only until November, it demonstrates the technologically successful first use of the cylindrical
wrought iron
tunnelling shield , devised by
Peter W. Barlow and
James Henry Greathead ,
[10] and of a permanent tunnel lining of
cast iron segments.
[11]
August 8 – The
Republic of Ploiești , an uprising against
Domnitor
Carol of
Romania , fails.
August 24 – The
Red River Rebellion in Canada ends with the arrival of the
Wolseley Expedition and the flight of
Louis Riel .
September 2 –
Franco-Prussian War :
Battle of Sedan –
Prussian forces defeat the French armies and take Emperor
Napoleon III and 100,000 of his soldiers prisoner at
Sedan, France .
September 4 – Emperor
Napoleon III of France is deposed and the
Third Republic is declared.
Empress Eugénie flees to England with her son.
September 6 –
Louisa Swain of Laramie, Wyoming, becomes the first woman in the United States to cast a vote legally since
1807 .
September 18 –
Old Faithful Geyser is observed and named by
Henry D. Washburn , during the
Washburn–Langford–Doane Expedition to
Yellowstone in Wyoming.
September 19 –
Franco-Prussian War : The
Siege of Paris (1870–1871) begins. From September 23,
balloon mail is sent out of the city.
September 20 –
Capture of Rome ; With
Bersaglieri soldiers entering Rome at
Porta Pia , the
unification of Italy is completed, ending the last remnant of the
Papal States and
Papal temporal power .
October–December
October 2 – A
plebiscite held in Rome supports, by 133,681 votes to 1,507, the annexation of the city by Italy.
October 6 – Rome becomes the capital of
unified Italy .
October 8 –
Léon Gambetta escapes besieged Paris in a
hot-air balloon .
October 20
October 26 – The Chinese leaders of June's
Tianjin Massacre of foreigners are executed by China's Imperial government.
[6]
October 27 –
Franco-Prussian War :
Siege of Metz – Marshal
François Achille Bazaine , commanding the French left wing, is forced by starvation to surrender the
fortifications of Metz .
November 1 – In the United States, the newly created Weather Bureau (later renamed the
National Weather Service ) makes its first official
meteorological forecast: "High winds at Chicago and Milwaukee... and along the Lakes".
November 12 –
Dresdner Bank is founded in Germany.
November 16 – The Spanish
Cortes Generales proclaims Amadeo de Saboya as King
Amadeo I of Spain .
December 12 –
Joseph H. Rainey of South Carolina becomes the second black U.S. congressman (following Hiram Rhodes Revels in February).
December 28 –
Juan Prim , prime minister of Spain, is shot by unknown assassins on leaving the Cortes, dying two days later.
December 31
Date unknown
Births
January–June
Ernst Barlach
Gustav Bauer
Hamaguchi Osachi
Vladimir Lenin
Franz Lehár
January 2 –
Ernst Barlach , German sculptor, graphic artist and poet (d.
1938 )
January 6 –
Gustav Bauer ,
Chancellor of Germany (d.
1944 )
January 4 –
Helena Willman-Grabowska , Polish indologist, Sorbonne and Jagiellonian University professor (d.
1957 )
January 8
January 11 –
Alexander Stirling Calder , American sculptor (d.
1945 )
January 14 –
George Pearce , Australian politician (d.
1952 )
January 20 –
Ajahn Mun Bhuridatta , Thai Buddhist monk (d.
1949 )
January 23 –
William G. Morgan , American inventor of volleyball (d.
1942 )
February 1 –
Erik Adolf von Willebrand , Finnish physician (d.
1949 )
February 7 –
Alfred Adler , Austrian psychologist (d.
1937 )
February 12
February 20 –
Jay Johnson Morrow , American military engineer, politician, 3rd
Governor of the Panama Canal Zone (d.
1937 )
February 25 –
Jelica Belović-Bernardzikowska , Croatian writer (d.
1946 )
March 5 –
Frank Norris , American writer (d.
1902 )
March 10 –
Ester Rachel Kamińska , Polish actress, "mother of Yiddish theatre" (d.
1925 )
March 13 –
Seale Harris , American physician (d.
1957 )
March 17 –
Horace Donisthorpe , English entomologist (d.
1951 )
March 20 –
Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck , German general (d.
1964 )
March 29 –
Pavlos Melas , Greek revolutionary and army officer (d.
1904 )
March 31 –
James M. Cox ,
Democratic candidate for
President of the United States in the
election of 1920 (d.
1957 )
April 1 –
Hamaguchi Osachi , 27th
Prime Minister of Japan (d.
1931 )
April 4 –
George Albert Smith , 8th president of
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d.
1951 )
April 17 –
Ray Stannard Baker , American journalist, author (d.
1946 )
April 19 –
J. Howard Crocker , Canadian educator and sports executive (d.
1959 )
April 21 –
Edwin S. Porter , American film director (d.
1941 )
April 22 –
Vladimir Lenin , Russian revolutionary, first
Premier of the Soviet Union (d.
1924 )
April 30 –
Franz Lehár , Austrian composer (d.
1948 )
May 9 –
Harry Vardon , English golf professional (d.
1937 )
May 10 –
Reginald Tyrwhitt , British admiral (d.
1951 )
May 19 –
Albert Fish , American serial killer (d.
1936 )
May 24
June 13 –
Jules Bordet , Belgian immunologist, microbiologist, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.
1961 )
June 18 –
Édouard Le Roy , French mathematician and philosopher (d.
1954 )
June 20 –
Georges Dufrénoy , French post-impressionist painter (d.
1943 )
July–December
Maria Montessori
Georges Claude
July 3 –
R. B. Bennett , 11th
Prime Minister of Canada (d.
1947 )
July 9 –
Mathew Beard , American supercentenarian, last surviving person born in 1870 (d.
1985 )
July 12 –
Louis II, Prince of Monaco (d.
1949 )
July 25 –
Maxfield Parrish , American illustrator (d.
1966 )
July 26 –
Charles Becker , American policeman and murderer (d.
1915 )
July 27 –
Hilaire Belloc , French/English man of letters (d.
1953 )
July 29 –
George Dixon , Canadian boxer (d.
1909 )
August 2 –
Marianne Weber , German sociologist and suffragist (d.
1954 )
[12]
August 4 –
Harry Lauder , Scottish entertainer (d.
1950 )
August 10 –
Hans Zenker , German admiral (d.
1932 )
August 11 –
Tom Richardson , English cricketer (d.
1912 )
August 12 –
Hubert Gough , British general (d.
1963 )
August 20 –
Edward Stanley Kellogg , 16th
Governor of American Samoa (d.
1948 )
August 31 –
Maria Montessori , Italian educator (d.
1952 )
September 24 –
Georges Claude , French engineer, inventor (d.
1960 )
September 26 – King
Christian X of Denmark (d.
1947 )
September 30
October 2 –
Horace Hood , British admiral (d.
1916 )
October 4 –
Karl Renner , 1st Chancellor of Austria (d.
1950 )
October 10 –
Ivan Bunin , Russian writer,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1953 )
October 18 –
D. T. Suzuki , Japanese philosopher (d.
1966 )
October 22 –
Johan Ludwig Mowinckel , Norwegian businessman,
Prime Minister of Norway (d.
1943 )
October 30 –
Lawrence Grant , English actor (d.
1952 )
November 21 –
Sigfrid Edström , Swedish sports official,
President of the International Olympic Committee (d.
1964 )
November 27 –
Juho Kusti Paasikivi ,
Prime Minister and
President of Finland (d.
1956 )
November 28 –
Gustavus M. Blech , German-American physician, surgeon (d.
1949 )
November 29 –
Trixie Friganza , American actress (d.
1955 )
December 5 –
Vítězslav Novák , Czech composer (d.
1949 )
December 9 –
Francisco S. Carvajal , 36th
President of Mexico (d.
1932 )
December 10 –
Jadunath Sarkar , Indian historian (d.
1958 )
December 14
December 18 –
Saki , English writer (d.
1916 )
December 31 –
Mbah Gotho , Indonesian man, oldest human (d.
2017 )
Deaths
January–June
Francisco Solano López
Charles Dickens
January 20 –
Sir George Seymour , British admiral of the fleet (b.
1787 )
January 25 –
Victor de Broglie , Prime Minister of France (b.
1785 )
January 29 –
Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b.
1797 )
February 7 –
Sylvain Salnave , Haitian general, 9th
President of Haiti (b.
1827 )
February 11 –
Carlos Soublette , 2-time President of Venezuela (b.
1789 )
February 19 –
Nathaniel de Rothschild , French wine grower (b.
1812 )
March 1 –
Francisco Solano López , 2nd
President of Paraguay (killed in action) (b.
1827 )
March 3 –
Henry Light , third governor of British Guiana (b.
1783 )
March 4 –
Thomas Scott , Canadian Orangeman, surveyor of the Red River Rebellion (shot by
Louis Riel and the Métis) (b. c.
1842 )
March 11 –
Moshoeshoe I of
Lesotho (b.
1786 ?)
March 28 –
George Henry Thomas , American general (b.
1816 )
April 11 –
Justo José de Urquiza , General, First constitutional
President of Argentina (assassinated) (b.
1801 )
April 15 –
Emma Willard , American women's rights activist (b.
1787 )
April 16 –
Domnița Rallou Caragea , Greek princess, independence activist (b.
1799 )
May 6 – Sir
James Young Simpson , Scottish physician, researcher (b.
1811 )
June 6 –
Ferdinand von Wrangel , Baltic-German explorer (b.
1796 /
1797 )
June 7 –
Friedrich Hohe , German lithographer, painter (b.
1802 )
June 9 –
Charles Dickens , British novelist (b.
1812 )
[13]
June 20 –
Jules de Goncourt , French writer, publisher (b.
1830 )
[14]
June 23 –
Mírzá Mihdí , youngest child of Baháʼí founder Baháʼu'lláh (b.
1848 )
June 27 –
Cyrus Kingsbury , American missionary to Choctaw Indians (b.
1786 )
July–December
Aasmund Olavsson Vinje
Alexandre Dumas, père
July 10 –
Pelaghia Roșu , Romanian heroine (b.
1800 )
July 22 –
Josef Strauss , Austrian composer (b.
1827 )
August 4 –
Abel Douay , French general (killed in action) (b.
1809 )
August 14 –
David Farragut , American admiral (b.
1801 )
August 17 –
Pedro Figueredo , Cuban poet, musician and freedom fighter (b.
1818 )
September 4 –
Juan Javier Espinosa , 9th President of Ecuador (b.
1815 )
September 23 –
Prosper Mérimée , French writer (b.
1803 )
[15]
September 27 –
William F. Packer , American politician (b.
1807 )
October 12
November 3 –
Diego Noboa , 4th President of Ecuador (b.
1789 )
November 23 –
Giuseppina Bozzacchi , Milanese-born ballerina (b.
1853 ) (result of deprivation during
Siege of Paris )
November 24 –
Comte de Lautréamont , French poet, writer (b.
1846 )
November 26 –
Franz Graf von Wimpffen , Austrian general and admiral (b.
1797 )
November 28 –
Frédéric Bazille , French painter (b.
1841 )
December 5
December 9 –
Patrick MacDowell , Northern Irish sculptor (b.
1799 )
December 27 –
Juan Prim , Spanish general and prime minister (assassinated) (b.
1814 )
References
^
Seitsemän veljestä 150 juhlavuosi – Nurmijärvi (in Finnish)
^ García-Albarido, Francisco; Lorca, Rodrigo; Rivera, Francisco (2010). "Arquelogía histórica en el mineral de Caracoles, Región de Antofagasta, Chile (1870-1989)". Revista de Arqueología Histórica Argentina y Latinoamericana (in Spanish). 4 : 169–194.
^ Bethell, Leslie, ed. (1993). Chile Since Independence .
Cambridge :
Cambridge University Press . pp. 13–14.
ISBN
978-0-521-43375-4 .
LCCN
92017160 .
OCLC
25873947 .
^
"Mineral de Caracoles" .
Memoria Chilena (in Spanish).
Biblioteca Nacional de Chile .
^ Prudencia Lizón, Ramiro (2004).
"El problema marítimo boliviano" . Agenda Internacional (in Spanish). XI (21): 27–45.
doi :
10.18800/agenda.200402.002 .
S2CID
258521758 .
^
a
b "China", in The World's Progress: A Dictionary of Dates , ed. by George P. Putnam and F. B. Perkins (G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1878) p. 133.
^ Olivia B. Waxman (December 23, 2016).
"The Surprising Story of Christmas in the United States" . Time . Retrieved January 15, 2018 .
^ Ronald G. Mayer Junior (June 28, 2019).
"Christmas in June" . Signalsaz . Retrieved January 13, 2021 .
^ Penguin Pocket On This Day . Penguin Reference Library. 2006.
ISBN
978-0-14-102715-9 .
^ Smith, Denis (2001). Civil Engineering Heritage: London and the Thames Valley . Thomas Telford. pp. 22–23.
ISBN
978-0-7277-2876-0 .
^ West, Graham (2005). Innovation and the Rise of the Tunnelling Industry . Cambridge University Press. pp. 116–118.
ISBN
978-0-521-33512-6 .
^ Lengermann, Patricia M.; Niebrugge-Brantley, Jill (1998). "Marianne Weber (1870- 1954): A Woman-Centered Sociology". The Women Founders: Sociology and Social Theory, 1830-1930 : a Text/reader . Boston: McGraw-Hill. p. 194.
ISBN
978-1-57766-509-0 .
^
"Dickens, Charles" .
Dictionary of National Biography . London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
^ Pages from the Goncourt Journals (2006). NYRB Classics.
ISBN
159017190X .
^
"Prosper Mérimée" .
Encyclopaedia Britannica .
^ Douglas Munro (1978).
Alexandre Dumas Père: A Bibliography of Works Translated Into English to 1910 . Garland Pub. p. 242.
ISBN
978-0-8240-9836-0 .
Further reading
Carruth, Gorton. "1870: Publishing; arts and music; popular entertainment; architecture; theatre." The Encyclopedia of American Facts and Dates by Gorton Carruth, (9th ed., HarperCollins, 1993), p. 302.
online
External links