From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Calendar year
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
1923 .
1923 (
MCMXXIII ) was a
common year starting on Monday of the
Gregorian calendar , the 1923rd year of the
Common Era (CE) and
Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 923rd year of the
2nd millennium , the 23rd year of the
20th century , and the 4th year of the
1920s decade. As of the start of 1923, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which was relegated that February to use only by churches after
Greece adopted the Gregorian calendar.
Calendar year
Events
January–February
January 5 –
Lithuania begins the
Klaipėda Revolt to annex the
Klaipėda Region (Memel Territory).
January 11 – Despite strong British protests, troops from France and Belgium
occupy the Ruhr area , to force Germany to make reparation payments.
January 17 (or 9) – First flight of the first
rotorcraft ,
Juan de la Cierva 's
Cierva C.4
autogyro , in Spain. (It is first demonstrated to the military on January 31.)
February 5 – Australian
cricketer
Bill Ponsford makes 429 runs to break the world record for the highest
first-class cricket score for the first time in his third match at this level, at
Melbourne Cricket Ground , giving the
Victoria cricket team an innings total of 1,059.
February 9 –
Billy Hughes , having resigned as
Prime Minister of Australia , after the
Country Party refuses to govern in coalition with him as the leader of the
Nationalist Party , is succeeded by
Stanley Bruce . A Liberal–National
Coalition will persist in the
politics of Australia for at least 100 years.
March–April
March 1 –
Eskom , the largest electricity producer in Africa, is established in
South Africa .
March 6 – The
Egyptian Feminist Union (
Arabic : الاتحاد النسائي المصري), the first nationwide
feminist movement in
Egypt , is founded at the home of activist
Huda Sha'arawi .
[1]
[2]
[3]
March 9 –
Vladimir Lenin suffers his third stroke, which renders him bedridden and unable to speak; consequently he retires from his position as Chairman of the
Soviet government.
March 17 –
Dobrolyot is formed as the first
Soviet civil aviation service; it will become part of
flag carrier
Aeroflot .[
citation needed ]
March 28 –
Regia Aeronautica , the air force of Fascist Italy, is founded.
April 6 – The first Prefects Board in Southeast Asia is formed, in
Victoria Institution ,
Federated Malay States .
April 12 – The
Kandersteg International Scout Centre comes into existence in Switzerland.
April 19
April 23 – The
Gdynia seaport is inaugurated, on the
Polish Corridor .
April 26 –
Wedding of Prince Albert, Duke of York, and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon : The future King
George VI of the United Kingdom marries the future
Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother in
Westminster Abbey .
[5]
April 28 – The original
Wembley Stadium in London, England, opens its doors to the public for the first time, staging the
FA Cup Final between
Bolton Wanderers and
West Ham United .
May–June
July–August
September–October
September 1
The
Great Kantō earthquake devastates Tokyo and
Yokohama , killing more than 100,000 people.
[7]
The
Kantō Massacre begins and continues for several weeks. Ethnic Koreans are killed by lynch mobs based on rumors that Koreans are committing crimes and plotting to overthrow the government. The death toll (and even the occurrence of) the massacre is disputed, with figures ranging from a few dozen to over 6,000 deaths. Most of the deaths are of Korean people, although other ethnic minorities and even Japanese people with unusual dialects are also killed.
[8]
[9]
[10]
September 4 – The
United States Navy 's first home-built rigid
airship
USS Shenandoah (ZR-1) makes her first flight at
Naval Air Station Lakehurst (New Jersey); she contains most of the world's extracted reserves of
helium at this time.
[11]
September 6 – The
Fukuda Village Incident occurs as a part of the larger Kantō Massacre. Nine Japanese people, including a pregnant woman and children, are killed based on false beliefs that they are ethnic Koreans.
[12]
[13]
[14]
September 7 – At the International Police Conference in Vienna, the International Criminal Police Commission (ICPC), better known as
Interpol , is set up.
September 8 –
Honda Point disaster : Nine United States Navy
destroyers run aground off the
California coast.
September 9 – Turkish head of state
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk founds the
Republican People's Party (CHP).
September 10 – The
Irish Free State joins the
League of Nations .
September 11 – Struggling for a foothold in southern China,
Sun Yat-sen decides to ally his Nationalist Kuomintang party with the Comintern and the Chinese Communist Party.
September 13 – Military coup in Spain:
Miguel Primo de Rivera takes over, setting up a
dictatorship .
Trade unions are prohibited for 10 years.
September 17 –
1923 Berkeley fire : A major fire in
Berkeley, California , erupts, consuming some 640 structures, including 584 homes in the densely built neighborhoods north of the campus of the
University of California .
September 18 –
26 – Newspaper printers strike in New York City.
September 24 –
Atlantic hurricane season : The second major hurricane strikes north of
Hispaniola .
September 26 – In
Bavaria ,
Gustav Ritter von Kahr takes dictatorial powers.
September 29
September 30 –
Küstrin Putsch : Outside Berlin, Major
Ernst Buchrucker , a leader of the
Black Reichswehr , attempts a
putsch by seizing several forts.
October 1 – The
Johor–Singapore Causeway opens to public traffic.
October 2 –
Küstrin Putsch : After two days of siege, Major Buchrucker and his men surrender.
October 6 – The
Occupation of Constantinople ends when the great powers of World War I withdraw.
October 13
October 14 – The fourth tropical storm of the year forms just north of
Panama .
October 15 – The fifth tropical storm of the year forms north of the
Leeward Islands .
October 16
October 23 –
Hamburg Uprising : In Germany, the Communists attempt a
putsch in Hamburg, which results in street battles in that city for the next two days, when it ends unsuccessfully.
October 27 – In Germany, General
Hans von Seeckt orders the Reichswehr to dissolve the Social Democratic-Communist government of Saxony, which is refusing to accept the authority of the Reich government.
October 28 – In
Qajar dynasty Persia,
Reza Khan becomes
Ahmad Shah Qajar 's prime minister.
October 29 –
Turkey becomes a
republic , following the dissolution of the
Ottoman Empire ;
Kemal Atatürk is elected as first president.
October 30 –
İsmet İnönü is appointed as the first prime minister of Turkey.
November–December
November 1
November 8 –
Beer Hall Putsch : In
Munich ,
Adolf Hitler leads the
Nazis in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the Bavarian government; police and troops crush the attempt the next day. 20 people die as a result of associated violence.
November 11 –
Adolf Hitler is arrested for his leading role in the
Beer Hall Putsch .
November 12 – Her Highness
Princess Maud of Fife marries Captain Charles Alexander Carnegie, in Wellington Barracks, London.
November 15 –
Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic :
Hyperinflation in Germany reaches its height. One United States dollar is worth 4,200,000,000,000
Papiermark
[17] (4.2 trillion on the
short scale ).
Gustav Stresemann abolishes the old currency and replaces it with the
Rentenmark , at an exchange rate of one Rentenmark to 1,000,000,000,000 (one trillion on the short scale) Papiermark (effective November 20).
November 23 –
Gustav Stresemann 's coalition government collapses in Germany.
December 1 – In
Italy , the
Gleno Dam on the Gleno River, in the Valle di Scalve in the northern province of Bergamo bursts, killing at least 356 people.
December 6
December 21 – The
Nepal–Britain Treaty is the first to define the international status of
Nepal as an independent sovereign country.
December 27 –
Toranomon Incident : In
Tokyo ,
Crown Prince Hirohito of
Japan survives an assassination attempt by
communist student
Daisuke Nanba .
December 29 –
Vladimir K. Zworykin files his first
patent (in the United States) for "television systems".
Births
January
Norman Kirk
Lola Flores
Arvid Carlsson
Sante Spessotto
Norman Mailer
January 1
January 2
January 3
January 4
January 5
January 6
January 7
January 8
January 11
January 12
January 15 –
Lee Teng-hui , Taiwanese politician, 4th
President of the Republic of China (d.
2020 )
January 16
January 18 –
Jan Ruff O'Herne , Dutch-Australian human rights activist (d.
2019 )
January 19 –
Jean Stapleton , American actress (All In the Family ) (d.
2013 )
January 20
January 21 –
Prince Andrew Romanov , Russian-American artist and author (d.
2021 )
January 22 –
Diana Douglas , British-born American actress, mother of actor/producer
Michael Douglas (d.
2015 )
January 23
January 24 –
Geneviève Asse , French painter (d.
2021 )
January 25
January 26 –
Anne Jeffreys , American actress, singer (d.
2017 )
January 27 –
Enrico Braggiotti , Monegasque banker (d.
2019 )
January 28
January 29
January 31 –
Norman Mailer , American novelist, journalist and dramatist (d.
2007 )
[19]
February
Belisario Betancur
Fatmawati
Gyula Lóránt
Brendan Behan
Franco Zeffirelli
February 1
February 2
February 3 –
Edith Barney , American female professional baseball player (d.
2010 )
February 4
February 5
February 6
February 7
February 8 –
Urpo Korhonen , Finnish Olympic cross-country skier (d.
2009 )
February 9 –
Brendan Behan , Irish author (d.
1964 )
February 10
February 11
February 12
February 13
February 15
February 16 –
Samuel Willenberg , Polish-born Israeli sculptor, painter and last surviving member of the
Treblinka extermination camp revolt (d.
2016 )
February 17 –
Jun Fukuda , Japanese film director (d.
2000 )
February 18 –
Allan Melvin , American actor (d.
2008 )
February 20
February 21
February 22 –
Norman Smith , English singer, record producer (d.
2008 )
February 23
February 24 –
David Soyer , American cellist (d.
2010 )
February 27
February 28
March
Wally Schirra
Marcel Marceau
April
Ann Miller
Albert King
April 2
April 4
April 5 –
Nguyễn Văn Thiệu , President of South Vietnam (d.
2001 )
April 8
April 10 –
John Watkins , South African cricketer (d.
2021 )
April 12 –
Ann Miller , American actress and dancer (d.
2004 )
April 13 –
Don Adams , American actor, comedian (Get Smart ) (d.
2005 )
April 14
April 15 –
Douglas Wass , British civil servant (d.
2017 )
April 17 –
Étienne Bally , French sprinter (d.
2018 )
April 19 –
Sen Sōshitsu XV , Japanese hereditary master
April 20
April 22
April 23 –
Dolph Briscoe , Governor of Texas (d.
2010 )
April 24
April 25
April 27 –
Lloyd F. Wheat , American lawyer and politician (d.
2004 )
April 29 –
Walter Deutsch , Austrian musicologist
April 30
May
Anne Baxter
Heydar Aliyev
Roy Dotrice
Horst Tappert
Henry Kissinger
Rainier III
June
Yuriko
Ninian Stephen
June 2
June 3
June 4
June 5 –
Peggy Stewart , American actress (d.
2019 )
June 6
June 7
June 8
June 9
June 10
June 11 –
Bernard F. Grabowski , American politician (d.
2019 )
June 12
June 13 –
Lloyd Conover , American scientist (d.
2017 )
June 14
June 15
June 17
William G. Adams , 9th mayor of St. John's, member of the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly (d.
2005 )
Enrique Angelelli , Argentine bishop (d.
1976 )
Anthony Bevilacqua , American Roman Catholic cardinal (d.
2012 )
Sukh Dev , Indian organic chemist, academic and researcher
W. M. Gorman , Irish economist, academic (d.
2003 )
Arnold S. Relman , American internist (d.
2014 )
Jan Veselý , Czech cyclist (d.
2003 )
June 18
June 19
June 20
June 21 –
Johann Eyfells , Icelandic artist (d.
2019 )
June 22
John Oldham , American college player, athletic director and basketball coach (d.
2020 )
Felo Ramírez , Cuban-American Spanish-language radio voice of the Miami Marlins (d.
2017 )
June 23
June 24
June 25
June 26
June 27
June 28
June 29
June 30
July
Wojciech Jaruzelski
Harrison Dillard
August
Shimon Peres
Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria
Richard Attenborough
August 2
August 3
August 4
August 5
August 6
August 7 –
Ramesh Mehta , Indian playwright, director and actor (d.
2012 )
August 8
August 9 –
John Stephenson , American actor and voice actor (d.
2015 )
August 10
August 11
August 12
August 14
Kuldip Nayar , Indian journalist, human rights activist and politician (d.
2018 )
Ivan Uzlov , Soviet-born Ukrainian scientist and metallurgist
August 15
August 16
August 17 –
Carlos Cruz-Diez , Venezuelan artist (d.
2019 )
August 19 –
Esmeralda Agoglia , Argentinian ballerina (d.
2014 )
August 20
August 21 –
Larry Grayson , English comedian, game show host (d.
1995 )
August 22
August 23
August 24
August 25 –
Luis Abanto Morales , Peruvian singer, composer (d.
2017 )
August 26
August 27
August 28
August 29
August 30
August 31 –
Emilinha Borba , popular Brazilian singer (d.
2005 )
September
Peter Lawford
Lee Kuan Yew
Hank Williams
Queen Anne of Romania
October
Charlton Heston
Glynis Johns
Italo Calvino
Linda Darnell
November
Loriot
Alan Shepard
Nadine Gordimer
Gloria Grahame
November 1
November 2
November 3
November 4
November 5
November 6 –
Nizoramo Zaripova , Soviet politician and women's rights activist
November 8
November 9 –
Elizabeth Hawley , American journalist (d.
2018 )
November 11
November 12 –
Loriot , German actor (d.
2011 )
November 13 –
Linda Christian , Mexican film actress (d.
2011 )
November 14
November 15
November 17
November 18
November 19 –
Robert Harlow , Canadian writer and academic
November 20 –
Nadine Gordimer , South African fiction writer,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
2014 )
November 22
November 23
November 24 –
Octavio Lepage , Venezuelan politician, Acting President of Venezuela (d.
2017 )
November 25 –
Mauno Koivisto , 2-Time
Prime Minister of Finland and 9th
President of Finland (d.
2017 )
November 26
November 28
November 29 –
Augusto Lauro , Italian prelate (d.
2023 )
December
Maria Callas
Ted Knight
Bob Barker
Freeman Dyson
René Girard
December 1
December 2 –
Maria Callas , Greek soprano (d.
1977 )
December 3
December 4
December 5
December 6
December 7
December 8
December 9
December 10
December 11
December 12
December 13
December 14
December 15
December 16
December 17
December 18
December 19 –
Gordon Jackson , Scottish actor (d.
1990 )
December 20 –
Ambalavaner Sivanandan , Sri Lankan novelist (d.
2018 )
December 21 –
Wat Misaka , American baseball player (d.
2019 )
December 22 –
Peregrine Worsthorne , English journalist, writer and broadcaster (d.
2020 )
December 23
December 24
December 25
December 26
December 27 –
Lucas Mangope , President of Bophuthatswana Bantustan (d.
2018 )
December 28
December 29
December 30 –
Carl-Göran Ekerwald , Swedish novelist, literary critic and teacher
December 31 –
Balbir Singh Sr. , Indian hockey player (d.
2020 )
Deaths
January
King
Constantine I of Greece
Alexandre Ribot
January 1 –
Willie Keeler , American baseball player,
MLB Hall of Famer (b.
1872 )
January 2
January 3 –
Jaroslav Hašek , Czech writer (b.
1883 )
January 8 –
Shimamura Hayao , Japanese admiral (b.
1858 )
January 9
January 11 –
Constantine I , abdicated king of Greece (b.
1868 )
January 12 –
Herbert Silberer , Austrian psychoanalyst (b.
1882 )
January 13 –
Alexandre Ribot , French statesman, 46th
Prime Minister of France (b.
1842 )
January 16 –
Abdul Kerim Pasha , Ottoman general (b.
1872 )
January 18 –
Wallace Reid , American actor (b.
1891 )
January 19 –
Amalia Eriksson , Swedish businesswoman (b.
1824 )
January 23 –
Max Nordau , Hungarian author, philosopher and Zionist leader (b.
1849 )
January 27 –
Carolina Santocanale , Italian
Roman Catholic nun and blessed (b.
1852 )
January 30 –
Columba Marmion , Irish
Benedictine and
Roman Catholic monk and blessed (b.
1858 )
January 31 –
Eligiusz Niewiadomski , Polish artist, political activist and assassin (executed) (b.
1869 )
February
Prince Fushimi Sadanaru
Wilhelm Röntgen
February 1
February 3 – Count
Kuroki Tamemoto , Japanese general (b.
1844 )
February 4
February 5 –
Count Erich Kielmansegg , former Prime Minister of Austria (b.
1847 )
February 6
February 8 –
Bernard Bosanquet , English philosopher and political theorist (b.
1848 )
February 10 –
Wilhelm Röntgen , German physicist,
Nobel Prize laureate (b.
1845 )
February 14 –
Bartolomeo Bacilieri , Italian
Roman Catholic cardinal (b.
1842 )
February 19 –
Gerónimo Giménez , Spanish conductor, composer (b.
1854 )
February 21 –
Prince Miguel, Duke of Viseu (b.
1878 )
February 22
February 24 –
Edward W. Morley , American physicist, chemist (b.
1838 )
February 26 –
Walter B. Barrows , American naturalist (b.
1855 )
March
Sarah Bernhardt
March 1 –
Rui Barbosa , Brazilian polymath, diplomat, writer, jurist and politician (b.
1849 )
March 3 –
Melancthon J. Briggs , American lawyer, politician (b.
1846 )
March 6 –
Joseph McDermott , American actor (b.
1878 )
March 8
March 11 –
Júlia da Silva Bruhns , Brazilian merchant (b.
1851 )
March 15 –
Goat Anderson , American baseball player (b.
1880 )
March 16 –
George Bean , English cricketer (b.
1864 )
March 25 –
Inokuchi Ariya , Japanese technologist, professor (b.
1856 )
March 26 –
Sarah Bernhardt , French actress (b.
1844 )
March 27 – Sir
James Dewar , British chemist (b.
1842 )
March 28 –
Michel-Joseph Maunoury , French general (b.
1847 )
March 31 –
Konstantin Budkevich , Soviet
Roman Catholic priest and servant of God (executed) (b.
1867 )
April
Prince Naruhisa Kitashirakawa
April 1 –
Prince Naruhisa Kitashirakawa of
Japan (b.
1887 )
April 2 –
Michel Théato , Luxembourg athlete (b.
1878 )
[26]
April 4
April 5 –
George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon , British financier of Egyptian excavations (b.
1866 )
April 6 –
Alice Cunningham Fletcher , American ethnologist and anthropologist (b.
1838 )
April 15 –
Ascensión Esquivel Ibarra , 17th
President of Costa Rica (b.
1844 )
April 16 –
Isidore Jacques Eggermont , Belgian diplomat (b.
1844 )
April 17 –
Madre Teresa Nuzzo , Maltese
Roman Catholic nun and blessed (b.
1851 )
April 18 –
Savina Petrilli , Italian
Roman Catholic religious professed and blessed (b.
1851 )
April 22 –
Frank Baldwin , American general (b.
1842 )
April 23
April 24 –
William Ernest, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (b.
1876 )
May
June
Aleksandar Stamboliyski
July
Warren G. Harding
Kato Tomosaburo
Hermes Rodrigues da Fonseca
Stephanos Dragoumis
Stojan Protić
Gustave Eiffel
July 9 –
William R. Day , American lawyer and diplomat,
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (b.
1849 )
July 10 –
Albert Chevalier , British music hall comedian (b.
1861 )
July 12 –
Ernst Otto Beckmann , German pharmacist, chemist (b.
1853 )
July 15 –
Janey Sevilla Callander , British producer (b.
1846 )
July 17 –
Theodor Rosetti , 16th Prime Minister of Romania (b.
1837 )
July 19 –
Auguste Bouché-Leclercq , French historian (b.
1842 )
July 20 –
Pancho Villa , Mexican revolutionary (assassinated) (b.
1878 )
July 23 –
Charles Dupuy , French statesman,
Prime Minister of France (b.
1851 )
July 30 –
Sir Charles Hawtrey , British actor (b.
1858 )
August
August 1 –
Pierre Brizon , French teacher, deputy and pacifist (b.
1878 )
August 2 –
Warren G. Harding , American politician, 29th
President of the United States (b.
1865 )
August 5 –
Vatroslav Jagić , Croatian scholar (b.
1838 )
August 9 –
Victor II, Duke of Ratibor (b.
1847 )
August 10 –
Joaquín Sorolla , Spanish painter (b.
1863 )
August 19 –
Vilfredo Pareto , Italian economist (b.
1848 )
August 21 –
Sir William Meredith , Canadian politician and judge (b.
1840 )
August 23
August 24
August 26 –
Hertha Ayrton , English engineer, mathematician and inventor (b.
1854 )
August 27 –
Edward Hill , American painter (b.
1843 )
August 29 –
Princess Anastasia of Greece and Denmark (b.
1878 )
September
September 6 –
Pedro José Escalón , Salvadorian military officer, 21st
President of El Salvador (b.
1847 )
September 9 –
Hermes Rodrigues da Fonseca , Brazilian soldier and politician, 8th
President of Brazil (b.
1855 )
September 14 –
Nemesio Canales , Puerto Rican essayist, novelist, playwright, journalist, activist and politician (b.
1878 )
September 17 –
Stefanos Dragoumis ,
Prime Minister of Greece (b.
1842 )
September 19 –
Sophus Andersen , Danish composer (b.
1859 )
September 23
September 25 –
Elbazduko Britayev , Russian playwright, author (b.
1881 )
September 26 –
Luigi Tezza , Italian
Roman Catholic priest and blessed (b.
1841 )
October
November
December
December 2 –
Tomás Bretón , Spanish composer (b.
1850 )
December 4 –
Maurice Barres , French novelist, journalist and politician (b.
1862 )
[29]
December 9 –
Meggie Albanesi , British actress (b.
1899 )
December 10 –
Thomas George Bonney , English geologist (b.
1833 )
December 11 –
Kata Dalström , Swedish politician (b.
1858 )
December 13 –
Théophile Steinlen , Swiss painter (b.
1859 )
December 14 –
Giuseppe Gallignani , Italian composer, conductor and teacher (b.
1851 )
December 22 –
Georg Luger , German firearms designer (b.
1849 )
December 25 –
William Ludwig , Irish opera singer (b.
1847 )
December 26 –
Rafael Valentín Errázuriz , Chilean politician, diplomat (b.
1861 )
December 27
December 28 –
Frank Hayes , American actor (b.
1871 )
Date unknown
Nobel Prizes
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
1923 .
^ Mariz Tadros (March 18–24, 1999).
"Unity in diversity" . Al Ahram Weekly (421). Archived from
the original on May 30, 2014. Retrieved September 30, 2014 .
^ Earl L. Sullivan (January 1, 1986).
Women in Egyptian Public Life . Syracuse University Press. p.
172 .
ISBN
978-0-8156-2354-0 . Retrieved October 6, 2014 .
^ Nadje S. Al Ali.
"Women's Movements in the Middle East: Case Studies of Egypt and Turkey" (Report) . SOAS.
Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved September 21, 2014 .
^
"Constitutional history at a glance" . Al-Ahram Weekly On-line . March 3–9, 2005. Archived from
the original on March 8, 2005. Retrieved December 11, 2013 .
^
"King George VI | The Canadian Encyclopedia" . www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca . Retrieved December 4, 2022 .
^
"National Weather Service" . Crh.noaa.gov. Retrieved August 25, 2013 .
^
"Remembering the Great Kanto Earthquake killingsーNHK WORLD-JAPAN NEWS" – via www.youtube.com.
^
"Un-remembering the Massacre: How Japan's "History Wars" are Challenging Research Integrity Domestically and Abroad" . October 25, 2021.
^
"Yokohama recalls texts describing 1923 'massacre' of Koreans" .
The Japan Times . August 29, 2013. Retrieved March 3, 2018 .
^
"1923 Kanto Earthquake Massacre seen through American viewpoints" .
The Korea Times . August 31, 2016. Retrieved March 3, 2018 .
^ Named and commissioned October 10. Hayward, John T. (August 1978). "Comment and Discussion". United States Naval Institute Proceedings .
^ Ishitobi, Noriki (September 12, 2022).
"Director shining a light on the 'dark history' of 1923 killings | The Asahi Shimbun: Breaking News, Japan News and Analysis" . The Asahi Shimbun . Retrieved September 30, 2023 .
^ NEWS, KYODO.
"FEATURE: Efforts ongoing to shed light on 1923 Kanto quake's Korean massacre" . Kyodo News+ . Retrieved September 30, 2023 .
^ Gunji, Yasushi (September 6, 2023).
"Panic, false rumors and massacre: martial law amid 1923 Kanto quake" . Kyodo News+ . Retrieved September 30, 2023 .
^
Palestine Royal Commission Report, Presented by the Secretary of State for the Colonies to Parliament by Command of His Majesty . Cmd. 5479. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. July 1937. Archived from
the original on January 27, 2012.
^
"1923 Police Strike" . Marvellous Melbourne .
Museum Victoria . Archived from
the original on April 13, 2008. Retrieved February 19, 2018 .
^ Tonge, Stephen.
"Weimar Germany 1919–1933" . A Web of English History . Retrieved March 14, 2012 .
^ Thomson, David (2002).
The New Biographical Dictionary of Film . New York City:
Alfred A. Knopf . p.
155 .
ISBN
9780375411281 .
^ James Campbell (November 12, 2007).
"Obituary: Norman Mailer" . the Guardian .
Archived from the original on October 7, 2015. Retrieved October 11, 2015 .
^
"Dorothy Hewett" .
AustLit . January 28, 2015. Retrieved April 11, 2022 .
^ Eccleshare, Julia (May 23, 2019).
"Judith Kerr obituary" . The Guardian . Retrieved June 6, 2019 .
^
Contemporary Dramatists . St. James Press. 1993. p. 6.
ISBN
978-1-55862-185-5 .
^ Smith, Lyn (1993). Swann's Way: A Life in Song . London: Arthur James Limited. p. 297.
ISBN
0-85305-329-4 .
^
British Film and Television Yearbook . British and American Film Press. 1956. p. 178.
^ Reid, Panthea (1996).
Art and Affection: A Life of Virginia Woolf . Oxford University Press. p. 262.
ISBN
978-0-19-510195-9 .
^
"Olympedia – Michel Théato" . www.olympedia.org .
^
The Quarterly Review of Historical Studies . Institute of Historical Studies. 1995. p. 38.
^
"Charles Proteus Steinmetz (1865-1923)" .
^ Michael Sollars; Arbolina Llamas Jennings (2008).
The Facts on File Companion to the World Novel: 1900 to the Present . Infobase Publishing. p. 60.
ISBN
978-1-4381-0836-0 .