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This article is about the year 1814. For the New Zealand reggae band, see
1814 (band) .
Calendar year
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
1814 .
January 29 :
Battle of Brienne
1814 (
MDCCCXIV ) was a
common year starting on Saturday of the
Gregorian calendar and a
common year starting on Thursday of the
Julian calendar , the 1814th year of the
Common Era (CE) and
Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 814th year of the
2nd millennium , the 14th year of the
19th century , and the 5th year of the
1810s decade. As of the start of 1814, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
Events
January
February 1 :
Cagsawa Church is destroyed by eruption of
Mount Mayon .
February
March
March 9 : The
schooner
Enterprise returns from the
Caribbean .
April–June
April 6 –
Napoleonic Wars –
Bourbon Restoration :
Louis XVIII is invited to occupy the restored
French throne .
April 10
April 11 –
Napoleonic Wars –
Treaty of Fontainebleau : The
War of the Sixth Coalition ends, and
Napoleon is forced to abdicate unconditionally as
Emperor of the French .
April 11:
Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814)
April 12
April 14 –
Napoleonic Wars –
Battle of Bayonne : The Allies defeat a French sortie from Bayonne.
April 18 /
19 –
Genoa surrenders to the British Royal Navy.
April 24 –
Convention of Mantua : The Napoleonic
Kingdom of Italy is returned to provisional Austrian rule.
April 28
May 2 –
Napoleonic Wars –
Declaration of Saint-Ouen :
Louis XVIII of France declares his support for representative government while claiming unlimited monarchical sovereignty.
May 3
May 4
May 6 –
War of 1812 –
Battle of Fort Oswego : British forces attack
Fort Ontario at
Oswego, New York .
May 14 –
16 –
War of 1812 – American
Raid on Port Dover and destruction of property.
May 16 –
William Brown , Irish-born rebel leader and future Admiral of the Navy of Argentina, begins a blockade of
Montevideo , the colonial capital of Rio de la Plata.
[2]
May 17
May 24 – Duke of Wellington arrives in Madrid from Paris in an attempt to avert civil war between supporters of Ferdinand VII and the opposition Liberals, including many troops who fought under him during the Peninsular War
May 27 –
War of the Sixth Coalition –
Siege of Hamburg ends in a French capitulation.
May 28
May 29 –
30 –
War of 1812 –
Battle of Big Sandy Creek : US forces capture British marines and sailors.
May 30 –
Napoleonic Wars : The
First Treaty of Paris is signed, returning France's borders to their
1792 extent.
Napoleon is exiled to
Elba on the same day.
June 4 –
Charter of 1814 :
Louis XVIII of France issues the
Charter of 1814 , a written constitution that retains royal supremacy and will remain in force from 1814 to 1815 and again from 1815 to 1830.
June 6 – Beginning of the
Allied sovereigns' visit to England : Tsar
Alexander I of Russia and King
Frederick William III of Prussia sail from
Boulogne-Sur-Mer to
Dover on board the
Royal Navy ship
HMS Impregnable as guests of
George, Prince of Wales , the regent during the incapacity of King George III.
[3]
June 12 – The poem "
She Walks in Beauty " is written by
Lord Byron .
[4]
June 17 – In London, Alexander, Frederick William and George exchange their ratifications of the Peace Treaty ending the war with France.
[5]
June 20 –
Gaspar de Vigodet ,
Spain 's last colonial administrator of the
Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (covering nearly all of modern-day Argentina, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay), surrenders the city of
Montevideo to independence fighters, led by General
Carlos María de Alvear .
[2]
June 21 – The secret
Eight Articles of London are signed between the Great Powers, uniting the
Low Countries under
William I of the Netherlands .
June 28 –
War of 1812 –
Sinking of HMS Reindeer by
USS Wasp .
July–September
July 3 –
War of 1812 –
Capture of Fort Erie by the Americans under Major General
Jacob Brown .
July 5 –
War of 1812 –
Battle of Chippawa : American Major General
Jacob Brown defeats British General
Phineas Riall at
Chippawa , Ontario.
July 7 –
Walter Scott 's
Waverley , his first prose fiction and one of the first significant
historical novels in English, is published anonymously by
Archibald Constable in
Edinburgh , selling out in two days.
[6]
July 13 – The
Carabinieri (the national
military police of Italy) is established by
Victor Emmanuel , as the police force of the
Kingdom of Sardinia .
July 19 –
20 –
War of 1812 –
Siege of Prairie du Chien : British troops and Native Americans besiege and capture the frontier settlement.
July 19 –
War of 1812 –
Battle of Rock Island Rapids : British-allied tribes ambush and defeat an American expedition in Illinois.
July 22 –
War of 1812 – The
Treaty of Greenville is signed between the U.S. government and Native American tribes.
July 25
July 26 – The
Swedish–Norwegian War (1814) begins with a Swedish attack.
July 28 – The revived
Ligurian Republic is dissolved.
July 29 – Swedish–Norwegian War: The
invasion of Hvaler ends in a Swedish victory.
July 30 – The
Great fire of Tirschenreuth in Bavaria destroys the town and 907 buildings.
August 1 – The
Grand Jubilee of 1814 is held in Britain, celebrating the hundredth anniversary of the
Hanoverian Succession
August 2 – Swedish–Norwegian War:
Battle of Lier ends in a Norwegian victory.
August 4
August 5 – Swedish–Norwegian War: the
Battle of Matrand ends in a Norwegian victory.
August 7 –
Pope Pius VII decrees the bull
Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum , reestablishing the
Society of Jesus (Jesuits) all over the world, after having approved their survival and existence in Russia.
August 9
August 12 – In England, the last hanging under the
Black Act is carried out, of William Potter for cutting down an
orchard (although the judge petitions for reprieve).
August 13 – The
Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 is signed in London, returning most possessions of the
Dutch Empire acquired by the United Kingdom since
1803 to the Netherlands, although Britain retains the
Cape of Good Hope and the South American settlements of
Demerara ,
Essequibo and
Berbice (later consolidated as
British Guiana ). In addition, the British cede the island of
Banca off the island of
Sumatra , in exchange for the settlement of
Cochin , India.
August 13 –
September 6 –
War of 1812 –
Engagements on Lake Huron result in British victory.
August 14
August 24 –
War of 1812 –
Burning of Washington : British troops, after defeating American forces at the
Battle of Bladensburg , occupy Washington, D.C., setting numerous buildings on fire, including the
Capitol and
Presidential Mansion .
August 24:
Burning of Washington
August 26 –
Chilean War of Independence –
Battle of Las Tres Acequias ends in victory for the forces of
Jose Miguel Carrera .
August 31 –
War of 1812 –
Battle of Caulk's Field : American militia defeats British landing.
September 13 : Bombardment of
Fort McHenry
November 1 : Anglo-Nepalese war begins
October–December
Date unknown
Births
January–June
Heinrich Geissler
January 1
January 27 –
Eugène Viollet-le-Duc , French architect (d.
1879 )
February 9 –
Samuel J. Tilden ,
25th
Governor of New York ,
1876
Democratic Party Presidential Nominee (d.
1886 )
February 18 –
Samuel Fenton Cary , American politician, temperance activist (d.
1900 )
March 9 –
Taras Shevchenko , Ukrainian poet (d.
1861 )
March 17 –
Kamehameha III , King of the Hawaiian Islands (d.
1854 )
April 3 –
Lorenzo Snow , 5th president of
the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d.
1901 )
April 21 –
Angela Burdett-Coutts, 1st Baroness Burdett-Coutts , English philanthropist (d.
1906 )
May 7 –
Henriette Hansen , Norwegian ballerina, singer and actor (d.
1892 )
May 12 –
Adolf von Henselt , German composer (d.
1889 )
May 26
May 30 –
Mikhail Bakunin , Russian anarchist (d.
1876 )
June 21 –
Paweł Bryliński , Polish sculptor (d.
1890 )
[11]
July–December
Anders Jonas Ångström
Adolphe Sax
July 3 –
Ferdinand Didrichsen , Danish botanist, physicist (d.
1887 )
July 11 –
Louis Melsens , Belgian chemist and physicist (d.
1886 )
July 19
August 8 –
Esther Morris , American suffragist, judge (d.
1902 )
August 10 –
Henri Nestlé , German-born Swiss chocolate magnate (d.
1890 )
August 13 –
Anders Jonas Ångström , Swedish physicist (d.
1874 )
August 23 –
James Roosevelt Bayley , American bishop (d.
1877 )
August 28 –
Sheridan Le Fanu , Irish writer (d.
1873 )
September 2 –
Ernst Curtius , German archaeologist, historian (d.
1896 )
September 3 –
James Joseph Sylvester , English mathematician (d.
1897 )
September 6 –
George-Étienne Cartier , Canadian lawyer, politician (d.
1873 )
September 7 –
William Butterfield , British architect (d.
1900 )
September 8 –
Charles Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg , French writer, historian (d.
1874 )
September 27 –
Daniel Kirkwood , American astronomer (d.
1895 )
October 1 –
Josefina Deland , Swedish women's rights activist (d.
1890 )
October 4 –
Jean-François Millet , French painter (d.
1875 )
October 7 –
Susanna Dickinson , survivor of the Alamo (d.
1883 )
October 15 –
Mikhail Lermontov , Russian writer (d.
1841 )
November 6 –
Adolphe Sax , Belgian musical instrument maker, inventor (d.
1894 )
November 13 –
Joseph Hooker , American general (d.
1879 )
November 22 –
Serranus Clinton Hastings , American politician (d.
1893 )
November 25 –
Julius von Mayer , German physician, physicist, one of the founders of thermodynamics (d.
1878 )
November 26 –
Luise Aston , German author, feminist (d.
1871 )
December 12 –
Juan Prim, 1st Marquis of los Castillejos , Prime Minister of Spain (d.
1870 )
December 13 –
Ana Néri , Brazilian nurse, matron of nursing in that country (d.
1880 )
December 18 –
Sarah T. Bolton , née Sarah Tittle Barrett, American poet (d.
1893 )
Date unknown
Deaths
January–June
Johann Gottlieb Fichte
January 7 –
Ira Allen , founder of
Vermont , leader of the
Green Mountain Boys (b.
1751 )
January 16 –
Friedrich Karl Wilhelm, Fürst zu Hohenlohe , Austrian general (b.
1752 )
January 26 –
Manuel do Cenáculo , Portuguese prelate and antiquarian (b.
1724 )
[13]
January 27
February 26 –
John Cleves Symmes , American statesman (b.
1742 )
February 27 –
Margaret Bingham British countess, painter and writer (b.
1740 )
[14]
March 6 –
Angelica Schuyler Church , daughter of Genl.
Philip Schuyler , sister to
Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton (b.
1756 )
March 18 –
Vincent Abbadie , French surgeon (b.
1737 )
March 26 –
Joseph-Ignace Guillotin , French physician (b.
1738 )
April 1 –
Joseph de Ferraris , Austrian
cartographer of the Austrian Netherlands (b.
1726 )
April 12 –
Charles Burney , English music historian (b.
1726 )
April 19 –
Thomas Brudenell-Bruce, 1st Earl of Ailesbury , England (b.
1729 )
May 2
May 5 –
Abdullah I Al-Sabah , Kuwaiti ruler (b.
1740 )
May 6
May 27 –
Ivan Akimov , Russian painter (b.
1754 )
May 29 –
Joséphine de Beauharnais , Empress of France (b.
1763 )
June 14 –
Antin Angelovych , Greek-Catholic metropolitan (b.
1756 )
June 27 –
Johann Friedrich Reichardt , German composer (b.
1752 )
July–December
Matthew Flinders
Marquis de Sade
July 12 –
William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe , British general (b.
1729 )
July 18 –
Miles Peter Andrews , English playwright, legislator (b.
1742 )
July 19 – Captain
Matthew Flinders , English explorer of the coasts of Australia (b.
1774 )
July 25 –
Charles Dibdin , English composer (b.
1745 )
August 21
August 28 –
Erik Must Angell , Norwegian jurist, politician (b.
1744 )
August 31 –
Arthur Phillip , British admiral, 1st
Governor of New South Wales (b.
1738 )
September 8 –
Maria Carolina of Austria , queen of
Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies , and de facto ruler (b.
1752 )
September 22 –
August Wilhelm Iffland , German actor (b.
1759 )
October 1 –
Guillaume-Antoine Olivier , French entomologist (b.
1756 )
October 4 –
Samuel Jackson Pratt , English writer, poet and actor (b.
1749 )
[15]
October 19 –
Mercy Otis Warren , American playwright (b.
1728 )
November 18 –
Aleijadinho ,
Colonial Brazil -born
sculptor and
architect (b.
1730 or
1738 )
November 23 –
Elbridge Gerry ,
5th
Vice President of the United States (b.
1744 )
December 2 –
Marquis de Sade , French writer for whom sadism is named (b.
1740 )
December 13 –
Charles-Joseph, 7th Prince of Ligne , Austrian field marshal (b.
1735 )
December 19 –
Joseph Bramah , English inventor of the hydraulic press (b.
1748 )
December 26 –
Nicolas-François Guillard , French librettist (b.
1752 )
References
^ Jones, Neal T., ed. (1984).
A Book of Days for the Literary Year . London; New York: Thames and Hudson.
ISBN
0-500-01332-2 .
^
a
b "Montevideo", in Dictionary of Battles and Sieges , Tony Jaques, ed. (Greenwood Publishing, 2007) p682.
^ Mudie, James (1820). An Historical and Critical Account of a Grand Series of National Medals . Colburn. p. 123.
^ Cummings, Michael J. (2008). "
Byron's She Walks in Beauty ." Cummings Study Guides. Retrieved 2014-07-10.
^ House of Commons (1816). Report from the Committee upon Expired and Expiring Laws . p. 6.
^
"Waverley" . Walter Scott .
Edinburgh University Library . December 19, 2011.
Archived from the original on April 30, 2013. Retrieved June 29, 2013 .
^ Sijapati, Alisha (October 9, 2021).
"The start of the Anglo-Gorkha war" . Retrieved August 14, 2022 .
^ "Vienna, Congress of", in The Americana: A Universal Reference Library (Scientific American, 1912)
^ Pettett, David (2014). "Samuel Marsden – Christmas Day 1814. What did he say? The Content of New Zealand's first Christian Sermon". In Lange, Stuart; Davidson, Allan; Lineham, Peter; Puckey, Adrienne (eds.). Te Rongopai 1814 'Takoto Te Pai!' Bicentenary Reflections on Christian Beginnings and Developments in Aotearoa New Zealand . Auckland: General Synod Office, 'Tuia', of the Anglican Church in Aotearoa New Zealand and Polynesia. pp. 72–85.
^
Muir, Diana (2000). "Chapter 10". Reflections in Bullough's Pond: Economy and Ecosystem in New England . Lebanon, New Hampshire: University Press of New England.
ISBN
978-0-87451-909-9 .
^
"Brylinski Pawel" . Astro-Databank . June 27, 2016. Retrieved November 13, 2021 .
^
"Samuel Colt | American inventor and manufacturer | Britannica" . www.britannica.com . Retrieved January 10, 2022 .
^ Torres, João Romano.
"Vilas Boas (D. frei Manuel do Cenáculo)" . Portugal - Dicionário Histórico, Corográfico, Heráldico, Biográfico, Bibliográfico, Numismático e Artístico, Volume VII (in Portuguese). Retrieved November 15, 2020 .
^ This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
public domain :
Stephen, Leslie , ed. (1886). "
Bingham, Margaret ".
Dictionary of National Biography . Vol. 5. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
^ Day, Gary; Lynch, Jack (March 9, 2015).
The Encyclopedia of British Literature, 3 Volume Set: 1660 - 1789 . John Wiley & Sons. p. 922.
ISBN
978-1-4443-3020-5 .
Further reading