From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of notable dishes found in Russian cuisine .
[1]
Russian cuisine is a collection of the different cooking traditions of the
Russian Empire . The cuisine is diverse, with
Northeast European /
Baltic ,
Caucasian ,
Central Asian ,
Siberian ,
East Asian and
Middle Eastern influences.
[2] Russian cuisine derives its varied character from the vast and multi-ethnic
expanse of Russia .
Russian dishes
Zakuski (hors d'oeuvre)
Name
Image
Description
Caviar
Processed, salted
roe , often of sturgeon
[3]
Courgette caviar
Cold
entrée made of stewed vegetables (predominantly
courgettes ). Usually it is eaten with bread
[4]
Julienne
Мushrooms in cream or béchamel sauce topped with grated cheese and baked in a cocotte. Chicken, fish or seafood can also be used with or instead of mushrooms.
Kholodets
A meat jelly that is also known as studen
[5]
[6]
Salo
A dish consisting of cured slabs of
fatback with or without skin
Stroganina
A dish of the
indigenous people of northern
Arctic
Siberia consisting of raw, thin, long-sliced frozen fish.
Zakuski
Refers to a variety of
hors d'oeuvres ,
snacks ,
appetizers , usually served
buffet style.
[7] It often includes
cold cuts ,
cured fishes , mixed
salads ,
kholodets , various
pickled vegetables and mushrooms,
pirozhki ,
caviar ,
deviled eggs ,
open sandwiches ,
canapés and
breads .
[7]
Soups
Name
Image
Description
Okroshka
Cold soup of mostly raw vegetables like
cucumbers , spring onions, boiled potatoes, with eggs, and a cooked meat such as beef,
veal ,
sausages , or
ham with
kvass , topped with sour cream
[8]
Rassolnik
A soup made from pickled cucumbers, pearl barley, and pork or beef
kidneys
[9]
Shchi
A
cabbage soup.
[10] Also can be based on
sauerkraut .
[10] Kislye Shchi (sour shchi) despite its name is a fizzy beverage similar to
kvass , usually with honey.[
citation needed ]
Borscht
Russian traditional soup.
[11] It is traditionally made from meat or bone stock, sautéed vegetables, and beet sour (i.e., fermented beetroot juice). Depending on the recipe, some of these components may be omitted or substituted.
Svekolnik
Cold borscht involves use of dairy products and halves of boiled eggs.
Solyanka
A thick, spicy and sour soup that contains meat and pickled cucumbers
[12]
Fish Solyanka
Variation of solyanka replacing meat with fish.
Shchavel soup (green shchi)
Water or
broth ,
sorrel leaves, salt, sometimes with whole eggs or egg yolks, potatoes, carrots, parsley root, and rice
[13]
[14]
Ukha
A clear soup, made from various types of
fish
[15]
Salads
Name
Image
Description
Dressed herring (Seld pod shuboi)
Diced, salted
herring covered with layers of grated, boiled vegetables (potatoes, carrots, beet roots), chopped onions, and
mayonnaise
[16]
[5]
Mimosa salad
A festive salad, whose main ingredients are cheese, eggs, canned fish, onion, and mayonnaise[
citation needed ]
Olivier salad (Stolichniy salad)
Diced potatoes, eggs, chicken or
bologna , sweet peas, and pickles with a mayonnaise dressing. Other vegetables, such as carrot or fresh cucumbers, can be added.
[17]
[5]
Vinegret
Diced boiled vegetables (beet roots, potatoes, carrots), chopped onions, and
sauerkraut and/or pickled cucumbers.
[18]
[19]
[20] Other ingredients, such as
green peas or
beans , are sometimes also added.
[19]
[20] Dressed with
vinaigrette ,
mayonnaise or simply with sunflower or other vegetable oil.
Meat dishes
Name
Image
Description
Beef Stroganov
Pieces of
sautéed
beef in sauce, with
smetana (sour cream)
[21]
Chicken Kiev
A dish made of chicken fillet pounded and rolled around cold butter, then coated with eggs and bread crumbs, and either fried or baked.
Golubtsy
Cooked cabbage leaves wrapped around a variety of fillings
[22]
[5]
Makarony po-flotski
Literally navy-style pasta , a dish made of cooked pasta (typically macaroni, penne or fusilli) mixed with stewed ground meat, fried onions and seasoned with salt and black pepper.
Pelmeni
Dumplings consisting of a meat filling wrapped in thin, pasta dough
[23]
[24]
[5]
Pozharsky cutlet
A breaded ground chicken patty
[25]
Shashlyk
A dish of skewered and grilled cubes of meat.
Veal Orlov
A dish invented by the French
[26] consisting of braised loin of veal, thinly sliced, filled with a thin layer of pureed
mushrooms and
onions between each slice, topped with
bechamel sauce and cheese. Various versions of this dish usually go by the name French-style meat in Russia today.
Pancakes
Bread
Name
Image
Description
Baranka
A dough ring somewhat smaller than a bublik, but also thinner and drier
Borodinsky bread
Dark brown sourdough rye bread
Bublik
A ring of yeast-leavened wheat dough, that has been boiled in water for a short time before baking
Karavai
A large round braided bread, traditionally baked from wheat flour and decorated with symbolic flags and figurines, such as suns, moons, birds, animals, and pine cones.
Kalach
Historically, kalach meant any kind of white bread, and before modern methods of grinding wheat came into use, white bread was classed as a type of fancy bread.
Kulich
One of the two sine qua non attributes of the Russian Easter (the other is
Paskha ).
[31] A type of
Easter bread .
[31]
Sushki
Traditional small, crunchy, mildly sweet bread rings eaten for dessert, usually with tea or coffee
Name
Image
Description
Kulyebyaka
A fish (usually
salmon or
sturgeon ) loaf, with rice, hard-boiled eggs, mushrooms, and dill
[32]
Karelsky pirog
A traditional pirog from the region of
Karelia .
Kurnik
A dome-shaped savoury type of Russian pirog, usually filled with chicken or turkey, eggs, onions, kasha or rice, and other optional components.
[33]
[34]
Rasstegai
The filling usually contains fish, but may also contain meat, liver, rice or mushrooms.
Pirog
A pie either with a sweet or savoury filling
[35]
Pirozhki
Small pies
[36]
[5]
Vatrushka
A
pastry with a ring of dough and sweet
tvorog in the middle
[37]
Kasha (porridge)
Sauces
Name
Image
Description
Khren
A spicy paste made of grated
horseradish .
Khrenovina
A spicy horseradish sauce served with a main course, which is very popular in Siberia.
Smetana
A dairy product produced by souring heavy cream.
Desserts
Name
Image
Description
Russian-style
Charlotte
A cold dessert of
Bavarian cream set in a
mold lined with
ladyfingers .
[41]
Medovik
The identifying ingredients are honey and
smetana (sour cream) or
condensed milk .
Russian-style
Napoleon cake
A dessert made of puff pastry layered with pastry cream.
Paskha
Tvorog (
farmer's cheese ) plus heavy cream, butter, sugar, vanilla, etc., usually molded in the form of a truncated
pyramid . Traditional for Easter.
Pryanik
A range of traditional sweet baked goods made from flour and honey.
Pastila
It has been described as "small squares of pressed fruit paste" and "light, airy puffs with a delicate apple flavor".
Syrok
A type of sweet dairy food made from glazed or unglazed curd cheese with or without filling.
Khvorost
A traditional sweet crisp pastry made out of dough that has been shaped into thin twisted ribbons, deep-fried and sprinkled with powdered sugar
Pyshka (or Ponchik)
A Russian variety of
doughnut .
Varenye
It is made by cooking berries, other fruits, or more rarely nuts, vegetables, or flowers, in sugar syrup.
Zefir
A type of soft confectionery made by whipping fruit and berry purée (mostly apple puree) with sugar and egg whites with subsequent addition of a gelling agent like pectin, carrageenan, agar, or gelatine.
Beverages
Non-alcoholic drinks
Name
Image
Description
Kissel
Fruit
dessert of sweetened juice, thickened with arrowroot, cornstarch or potato starch
[42]
Kompot
Non-alcoholic sweet beverage, that may be served hot or cold, depending on tradition and season. It is obtained by cooking fruit such as strawberries, apricots, peaches, apples, rhubarb, gooseberries, or sour cherries in a large volume of water, often together with sugar or raisins as additional sweeteners.
Kvass
A fermented non-alcoholic beverage made from black or regular rye bread or dough
[43]
Mors
A non-carbonated Russian fruit drink
[44]
[45]
[46] prepared from berries, mainly from
lingonberry and
cranberry (although sometimes
blueberries ,
strawberries ,
sea buckthorns or
raspberries ).
Ryazhenka
It is made from
baked milk by
lactic acid fermentation .
[47]
Sbiten
A traditional Russian honey-based drink with herbs and spices
[48]
Varenets
A
fermented milk product that is popular in
Russia .
[49]
[50] Similar to
ryazhenka , it is made by adding
sour cream (
smetana ) to
baked milk .
[50]
Alcoholic drinks
Name
Image
Description
Medovukha
A traditional Russian honey-based drink analogous to its counterparts of other Indo-European peoples
[51]
Vodka
It is composed primarily of water and
ethanol , but sometimes with traces of impurities and flavorings. Traditionally it is made by distilling the liquid from
cereal grains or potatoes that have been
fermented , though some modern brands use fruits or sugar as the base.
Kvass
A
fermented
cereal -based
non-alcoholic or low alcoholic beverage with a slightly cloudy appearance, light-brown colour and sweet-sour taste. It stems from the northeastern part of Europe, where the grain production is thought to have been insufficient for
beer to become a daily drink. In recent years it has regained its original popularity, often marketed as a national soft drink or "patriotic" alternative to cola.
See also
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Bibliography
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