From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Decade
The 1540s decade ran from 1 January 1540, to 31 December 1549.
Events
1540
This section is
transcluded from
1540 .
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January–June
July–December
July 7 – Spanish conquistador
Francisco Vázquez de Coronado captures
Hawikuh in modern-day New Mexico, at this time known as part of
Cíbola , but fails to find the legendary gold.
July 9 – King
Henry VIII of England 's marriage to
Anne of Cleves , his fourth
Queen consort , is
annulled .
[2]
July 28 –
Thomas Cromwell , is executed for
treason on the orders of king
Henry VIII of England . Henry marries his fifth wife,
Catherine Howard , on the same day.
[2]
August 15 – In
Peru , Spanish captain
Garcí Manuel de Carbajal founds the Villa Hermosa de
Arequipa ; one year later,
Charles V of Germany and I of Spain will give the valley a status of 'city' by royal decree.
September –
Gibraltar is sacked by the fleet of
Barbary pirate Ali Hamet, a
Sardinian
renegade in the service of the
Ottoman Empire , and many of its leading citizens are taken as captives to
Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera in
Morocco .
[3] This leads to construction of the defensive
Charles V Wall , at this time known as the Muralla de San Benito .
September 3 –
Gelawdewos succeeds his father
Lebna Dengel as
Emperor of Ethiopia .
September 27 – The
Society of Jesus (Jesuits) is approved by
Pope Paul III , in his bull
Regimini militantis Ecclesiae .
October 1 –
Battle of Alborán : A
Habsburg Spanish fleet, under the command of
Bernardino de Mendoza , destroys an Ottoman fleet commanded by Ali Hamet off
Alborán Island in the Mediterranean.
October 18 – An expedition led by Spanish
conquistador
Hernando de Soto destroys the fortified village of
Mabila in modern-day
Alabama , killing
paramount chief
Tuskaloosa .
Date unknown
1541
This section is
transcluded from
1541 .
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history )
January–June
July–December
July 9 –
Estêvão da Gama departs
Massawa , leaving behind 400
matchlock men and 150 slaves under his brother
Cristóvão da Gama , with orders to assist the
Emperor of Ethiopia to defeat
Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi , who had invaded his
Empire .
August 21 – The
Janissaries of
Suleiman the Magnificent
besiege Buda , wounding
Wilhelm von Roggendorf , who dies from his wounds on the way to
Komárno a few days later.
[12]
September 9 –
11 – Spanish noblewoman
Beatriz de la Cueva serves as governor of the colony of Guatemala, before she is killed in a mudslide from
Volcán de Agua , which ruins the capital city,
Ciudad Vieja .
[13]
September 13 – After three years of exile,
John Calvin returns to
Geneva to reform the church under a body of doctrine that comes to be known as
Calvinism .
[14]
[15]
October 7 – Through royal decree, the city of
Arequipa is granted its
coat of arms .
[16]
October –
November –
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor / Charles I of Spain personally leads
a disastrous expedition against the
Regency of Algiers .
[17]
Date unknown
1542
This section is
transcluded from
1542 .
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history )
January–June
February 2 –
Battle of Baçente : The
Portuguese under
Cristóvão da Gama capture a
Muslim -occupied hillfort in northern
Ethiopia .
February 14 –
Guadalajara , Mexico, is founded by the
Spaniards after three previous attempts failed, due to aggressive opposition from local tribes.
[24]
March 8 –
Antoine Escalin des Eymars , the French ambassador, returns from
Constantinople , with promises of Ottoman aid in a war against
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor .
[25]
April 4 –
16 –
Battle of Jarte in
Ethiopia : The
Portuguese under
Cristóvão da Gama encounter the army of
Imam
Ahmad Gragn , and inflict upon him two successive defeats.
May 19 – The
Prome Kingdom , in modern-day central
Burma , is conquered by the
Taungoo Dynasty .
June 18 – The
Parliament of Ireland passes the
Crown of Ireland Act , which dissolves the title of
Lord of Ireland and reestablishes it to the
Kingdom of Ireland , with its last Lord,
Henry VIII of England , becoming its first king.
June–December
June 27 –
Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo sets sail to explore the northwest of the Pacific Ocean.
[26]
July 21 –
Pope Paul III establishes the
Holy Office with the bull Licet ab initio , with jurisdiction over the
Roman Inquisition .
[27]
[28]
July 24 –
Guelders Wars :
Maarten van Rossum leaves
Antwerp , having failed to take it by siege.
August –
Battle of the Hill of the Jews : During the rainy season,
Cristóvão da Gama captures a strategic position and many badly-needed horses.
[29]
August 24 –
Battle of Haddon Rig :
Scotland defeats
England .
[30]
August 27 – Citizens of
Hildesheim in the
Holy Roman Empire profess themselves to the Lutheran teachings, thus joining the
Schmalkaldic League .
[31] As a pledge owner, the city provides for the carrying out of the
Protestant Reformation in the city and
Peine . Priests from the localities of Clauen,
Hohenhameln ,
Soßmar , Schmedenstedt,
Lengede and Rosenthal resume their offices in the interest of the Reformation.
August 28 –
Battle of Wofla in
Ethiopia : Reinforced with at least 2900 arquebusiers and cavalry,
Imam
Ahmad Gragn attacks the
Portuguese camp. The Portuguese are scattered;
Cristóvão da Gama is captured and executed.
[32]
September 4 – The earliest recorded
Preston Guild Court is held in
Lancashire , England, in the modern sequence, which lasts unbroken until
1922 .
September 28 – Portuguese explorer
Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo lands in what is now
San Diego Bay , and names it "San Miguel"; it will later become the city of
San Diego .
[26] This marks the first time a European sees California.
[33]
October 7 – Cabrillo becomes the first European to set foot on
Santa Catalina Island, California .
[34]
November 24 –
Battle of Solway Moss : An
English army invades
Scotland , and defeats a Scottish army.
[35]
November 27 –
Palace plot of Renyin year : A group of
Ming dynasty
palace women fail to murder the
Jiajing Emperor , and are executed by
slow-slicing .
[36]
December 14 –
Mary, Queen of Scots , aged six days, becomes
queen regnant on the death of her father,
James V of Scotland .
[37]
Date unknown
1543
This section is
transcluded from
1543 .
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history )
January–March
March 15 –
James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran , is elected by the Scottish Parliament as the Regent for the infant Mary Queen of Scots.
March 18 – As flooding of the Mississippi continues De la Vega notes that "on the eighteenth of March, 1543, while the Spaniards.. were making a procession in honor of Our Redeemer's entrance into Jerusalem, the river entered the gates of the little village of Aminoya in the wildness and fury of its flood, and two days later on ecould not pass through the streets except in canoes."
[45]
March 20 –
King Gustav of Sweden leads troops in troops crushing Dacke's Rebellion, led by Swedish peasant
Nils Dacke , with defeat coming at the Battle of Hjortensjon.
[46]
March 21 – In
Nuremberg ,
De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres ) is printed
[47] during the illness of
Nicholas Copernicus , offering mathematical arguments for the existence of the
heliocentric universe, denying the
geocentric model . According to legend, Copernicus, who had a stroke in December, is presented a copy of the book on his deathbed shortly before passing away on
May 24 in
Frombork at the age of 70.
April–June
April 23 –
Suleiman the Magnificent ,
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire , follows up on his 1541 annexation of
Hungary by
invading a second time to capture areas that had been taken by Archduke Ferdinand, including
Esztergom .
[48]
May 5 –
Elizabeth of Austria , daughter of
Archduke Ferdinand I , marries
Sigismund II Augustus , King of Poland. Her coronation as
coronation as Queen consort of Poland takes place three days later at
Kraków Cathedral as the Archbishop of Gniezno,
Piotr Gamrat , places the crown of Hedwig of Kalisz upon her head.
May 12 –
King Henry VIII of England gives royal assent to numerous laws passed by parliament, including the
Act for the Advancement of True Religion , restricting the reading of the Bible to clerics, noblemen, and upper class society. The Act will be repealed in 1547 during the reign of King Edward VI.
Laws in Wales Act 1542 , second phase of the Consolidating Act of Welsh Union, is given royal assent, establishing counties and regularizing parliamentary representation in
Wales .
[41]
May 24 – On his deathbed,
Nicolaus Copernicus is presented a copy of his groundbreaking book
De revolutionibus orbium coelestium .
June 4 – Fabiano di Monte San Savinov leads 500 infantry men and some cavalry in an attempt to conquer the
Republic of San Marino , but the group fails after getting lost in a dense fog on
Saint Quirinus' Day .
[49]
June 22 – King Henry VIII of England declares war on King Francis I of France, one month after sending an ultimatum.
[50]
June –
Andreas Vesalius publishes
De humani corporis fabrica (On the Fabric of the Human Body ), revolutionising the science of human
anatomy .
[51]
July–September
July 1 – The
Treaty of Greenwich is signed between representatives of the Kingdoms of England and Scotland as part of a plan to eventually unify the two nations under one monarch. As part of the treaty, the two nations agree to avoid war during the reign of King Henry VIII in England or Mary, Queen of Scots in Scotland and for another year after both are gone. The second part of the Treaty provides that Mary, Queen of Scots (six months old at the time) will eventually become the wife of
Crown Prince Edward (then 5 years old), son of King Henry VIII. The Scottish Parliament repudiates the treaty five months later.
[41]
July 12 – King
Henry VIII of England marries
Catherine Parr . It is Henry's sixth and last marriage and Catherine's third.
[52] Princess
Elizabeth attends the wedding. This month, the
Parliament of England passes the
Third Succession Act , restoring the Princesses
Mary and
Elizabeth I of England , Henry's daughters, to the
line of succession to the English throne .
July 25 –
August 6 – The
Siege of Nice by the
Ottoman Empire and
French forces (under the
Franco-Ottoman alliance ), led by Admiral
Hayreddin Barbarossa , begins. At the time, the city is under the control of the Duchy of Savoy and is defended by the Savoyards, assisted by the Habsburg armies of Spain and the Holy Roman Empire. The siege lasts for 16 days.
August 10 –
Esztergom surrenders to the Ottomans led by Suleiman the Magnificent.
[53]
August 22 – The city of
Nice is captured by the Ottomans and Barbarossa after a long bombardment. The Ottomans pillage the city and take away 2,500 captives to be sold into slavery.
August 25 – The first Europeans arrive in Japan and introduce firearms to the Asian monarchy, as the Chinese pirate
Wang Zhi escorts
Portuguese traders to in
Tanegashima island in southern
Kyushu . The first European visitors include
António Mota , António Peixoto, Francisco Zeimoto, andy
Fernão Mendes Pinto .
[54]
September 4 –
Campaign of Suleiman :
Suleiman the Magnificent captures the Hungarian coronation city of
Székesfehérvár after a siege that had started on August 20.
[53] The city will be occupied by the
Ottoman Empire for 145 years.
September 9 – Mary Stuart is
crowned the Queen of Scots in Stirling at the age of nine months old.
[55]
September –
October –
Landrecies in
Picardy is besieged by forces under
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor , but the siege is withdrawn on the approach of the
French army.
October–December
October 6 – In order to aid
James Hamilton, Earl of Arran , Regent of Scotland, in his defense against challenger
Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox ,
King Francois of France arranges for two envoys, Jacques de La Brosse and Jacques Ménage to deliver money and munitions to
Dumbarton Castle . The envoys unwittingly deliver Arran's materials to Lennox.
[56]
November 16 – Suleiman, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, completes his campaign to bring Hungary under Ottoman rule, having captured
Esztergom ,
Székesfehérvár ,
Siklós and
Szeged
December 7 – (11 waxing of Natdaw 905 ME) The land and naval forces of the
Confederation of Shan States (consisting of the principalities of Mohnyin, Mogaung, Bhamo, Momeik, and Kale), led by Prince
Sawlon of Mohnyin and
King Hkonmaing , depart from the Shan capital,
Awa , to start an invasion of the
Toungoo Empire in upper Myanmar. The invaders easily overrun Toungoo and its capital at
Prome a week later.
Royal Historical Commission of Burma (1832).
Hmannan Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1 (2003 ed.). Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar.
December 11 – The Parliament of Scotland votes against ratifying the
Treaty of Greenwich that had been signed with England on July 1.
[41]
December 20 – The
Eight Years War , also called the "War of Rough Wooing", begins as Scotland's Parliament votes to declare war on the Kingdom of England."Arran, Earls of", in Encyclopædia Britannica , ed. by Hugh Chisholm (11th ed., Volume 2) (Cambridge University Press, 1911) pp. 642–644.
December 31 –
King Henry VIII of England signs and agreement with
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor to invade France by June 20, 1544 with at least 35,000 infantry and 7,000 cavalry.
Date unknown
1544
This section is
transcluded from
1544 .
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January–March
January 4 – In
India ,
Maldeo Rathore , King of Marwar (now part of the state of
Rajasthan ) is tricked by counterintelligence spread by
Mughal Emperor and Afghan Shah
Sher Shah Suri into departing from
Jodhpur . The
Battle of Sammel begins shortly afterward and is won by the Afghan and Mughal armies.
[59]
January 13 – At
Västerås , the estates of
Sweden swear loyalty to King
Gustav Vasa and to his heirs, ending the traditional electoral monarchy in Sweden.
[60]
[61] Gustav subsequently signs an alliance with the
Kingdom of France .
January 24 – During a solar eclipse visible over the Netherlands, Dutch mathematician and designer
Gemma Frisius makes the first recorded use of a
camera obscura and uses it to observe the event without directly looking at the Sun. Frisius writes about the event the next year and illustrates it in his book De Radio Astronomica et Geometrica (Regarding rays of light in astronomy and geometry ).
[62]
February 20 – The
Fourth Diet of Speyer is convened.
[63]
[64]
March 7 – Five Roman Catholic priests—
John Larke ,
John Ireland ,
the vicar of Eltham and
Robert Singleton are executed at
Tyburn , outside of London, in England after being convicted of participating in the
Prebendaries' Plot to remove
Thomas Cranmer , the Protestant
Archbishop of Canterbury .
[65]
March 16 –
March 29 –
Royal assent is given by King Henry VIII to laws passed by the English Parliament, including the
Third Succession Act , the amended
Treason Act and the
King's Style Act .
April–June
April 11 –
Battle of Ceresole :
French forces under the Comte d'Enghien defeat forces of the
Holy Roman Empire , under the Marques Del Vasto, near
Turin .
[66]
April 21 – The Italian town of
Agropoli , frequently targeted by pirates from North Africa, is sacked by Ottoman raiders and 100 people are taken prisoner.
May 3 –
Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford , with an
English army, captures
Leith and
Edinburgh from the
Kingdom of Scotland .
[67]
May 7 –
Edward Seymour, Lord Hertford , carries out the
burning of Edinburgh , capital of the Kingdom of Scotland, by the English Navy, then proceeds to destroy neighboring areas.
May 17 – At
Lima ,
Blasco Núñez Vela takes office as the first Spanish Governor of the
Viceroyalty of Peru , which encompasses most of what are now the nations of Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay, as well as the western part of Brazil.
May 23 –
May 25 – On orders of King Henry VIII, the English Navy. commanded by
Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk , begins crossing the
English Channel to invade from the west with 19,000 troops, while
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor , commences an invasion of
France from the east.
[69]
June 4 – A combined force of troops from the Holy Roman Empire and from Spain, both commanded by Emperor Henry V, defeat the Italian French defenders of
San Marino in the
Battle of Serravalle after three days of fighting.
June 8 – The Duke of Norfolk crosses the English Channel after having landed troops in Normandy.
[69]
June 24 – The
plundering of the Italian island of
Ischia , part of the
Kingdom of Naples is carried out by the Ottoman Empire Navy, commanded by
Hayreddin Barbarossa , who captures 4,000 of the residents and then sells them as slaves in Algeria.
July–September
October–December
Date unknown
1545
This section is
transcluded from
1545 .
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history )
January–March
April–June
April 1 –
Potosí is founded by the Spanish as a mining town after the discovery of huge silver deposits in this area of modern-day
Bolivia . Silver mined from Huayna Potosí Mountain provides most of the wealth on which the
Spanish Empire is based until its fall in the early 19th century.
May 20 –
May 27 – Prince Jalal Khan, the second son of the late Sher Shah Suri, is crowned as the new King of the Suri Empire and takes the regnal name of
Islam Shah Suri .
[92]
May 31 – During the
Italian War , a French expeditionary force under the direction of
Claude d'Annebault begins an invasion of Britain by landing in Scotland.
[93]
June 13 – Spanish explorer
Yñigo Ortiz de Retez sets out to navigate the northern coast of
New Guinea .
June 20 – Spanish explorer
Yñigo Ortiz de Retez arrives at a large island in the South Pacific Ocean. Stopping at the
Mamberamo River , Ortiz claims the island for Spain and christens it "
Nueva Guinea " after concluding that the natives resemble the people on the coast of the
Guinea coast of West Africa.
[94]
July–September
July 18 – The
Battle of the Solent begins between the English and French navies in
The Solent , the
strait between the British mainland and the
Isle of Wight .
July 19 – The Royal Navy's flagship, the
Mary Rose , is sunk along with 365 of its 400 crew
[95] before the Battle of the Solent ends inconclusively. The wreckage will be located in 1971, more than 400 years after the sinking, and raised on October 11, 1582.
[96]
July 21 –
Italian Wars :
Battle of Bonchurch – The English reverse an attempted
French invasion of the Isle of Wight , off the coast of England.
[90]
August 5 – Scottish nobleman
Domhnall Dubh , also called "Black Donald", secures an alliance with King Henry VIII of England and plans an invasion of Scotland (
Dubh's Rebellion ) seeking to install the
Earl of Lennox as the regent for
Mary, Queen of Scots , rather than the incumbent
Regent Arran .
[97] The rebellion attracts little support from other nobles and Dubh dies of a fever while in Ireland, before an invasion can take place.
August 8 – King
Injong of Joseon , ruler of the
Korean Empire , dies at the age of 30, after only eight months as monarch. His allies suspect that he had slowly been poisoned by his stepmother,
Queen Janggyeong , who had been Queen consort as the wife of
King Jungjong . Queen Janggyeong's 12-year-old son
Myeongjong is enthroned as the new King, with Janggyeong as the regent.
[98]
Sher Shah's tomb
August 16 – The elaborate
Tomb of Sher Shah Suri is completed in
Sasaram , three months after Sher Shah's death, in what is now
India 's
Bihar state.
September 16 –
The
Duchy of Parma and Piacenza is created in
Italy by order of
Pope Paul III , formerly Alessandro Farnese, to be ruled by his son,
Pier Luigi Farnese .
[99]
In a one-day campaign in the
Rough Wooing border war between England and Scotland, the English generals
Lord Hertford and
Robert Bowes carry out a mission of burning Scottish towns along the
River Teviot . He writes later that with 1,500 light horsemen from 5:00 in the morning to 3:00 in the afternoon, his army "burnt 14 or 15 towns" including "Rowle, Spittel,
Bedrowle , Rowlewood, The Wolles, Crossebewghe, Donnerles,
Fotton , West Leas, Troonyhill, and Dupligi.
[100]
c.
September –
Mobye Narapati succeeds as ruler of the
Ava Kingdom and offers peace to the
Taungoo Dynasty , ending the
Taungoo–Ava War (1538–45) , and leaving the Taungoo as the dominant rulers in
Burma .
October–December
October 20 – The "
New Laws "(Leyes Nuevas ), officially the New Laws of the Indies for the Good Treatment and Preservation of the Indians are repealed less than a year after being issued by
King Carlos of Spain .
[101]
October 31 – (26th day of 9th month of
Tenbun 14) The
Siege of Kawagoe Castle begins, as part of an unsuccessful attempt by the
Uesugi clan to regain
Kawagoe Castle from the
Late Hōjō clan in Japan.
November 9 –
Pietro Lando , the
Doge of the
Republic of Venice since 1538, dies and
Francesco Donato is elected in his place.
November 10 – A truce is signed between the
Holy Roman Empire and the
Ottoman Empire following the
Siege of Nice , as Emperor Charles V acknowedges the Ottoman conquests.
[102]
November 15 – (10 Ramadan 952 AH)
Hamida Banu Begum , Empress consort of India's
Mughal Empire and wife of the Emperor
Humayun , returns to the capital,
Agra , after a three-year absence.
[103] She is accompanied by an army provided to Humayun by
Tahmasp I , Shah of Iran.
November 23 – King Henry VIII opens the
Parliament of England for the ninth time, in a session that lasts until December 24.
December 13 – The
Council of Trent officially opens in northern Italy (it closes in
1563 ).
[104]
December 24 – King Henry VIII gives royal assent to
multiple acts passed by the English Parliament on its final day, including the
Dissolution of Colleges Act and the
Custos Rotulorum Act .
[105]
Undated
1546
This section is
transcluded from
1546 .
(
|
history )
January-March
January 11 – (Tenbun 15, 20th day of the 12th month ):
Ashikaga Yoshifushi
[106] becomes 13th Shōgun of the
Ashikaga shogunate .
[107]
January 13 –
Jeremias I of Constantinople , Patriarch of the Eastern Orthodox Church dies
January 18 –
Blasco Núñez Vela first Spanish
Viceroy of Peru fights with
Gonzalo Pizarro at the
Battle of Iñaquito and is killed.
[108]
February 12 – The
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mexico , one of the largest in the world, with over four million Catholics, is created
[109]
February 15 –
Martin Luther delivers his final sermon, three days before his death about "obdurate Jews, whom it was a matter of great urgency to expel from all German territory,"
[110]
March 1 – Scottish Protestant reformer
George Wishart , arrested on January 19, is burned at the stake at
St Andrews on orders of Cardinal
David Beaton of the Roman Catholic church, after being found guilty of
heresy .
[111] Cardinal Beaton is assassinated less than three months later.
March 8 – King
John III of Portugal issues an order for
Portuguese India (at
Goa ) to forbid
Hinduism , destroy Hindu temples, prohibit the public celebration of Hindu feasts, expel Hindu priests and severely punish those who created any Hindu images in Portuguese possessions in India.
[112]
April-June
April 8 – The
Council of Trent , by a vote of 24 to 15, with 16 abstentions, issues the Decretum de Canonicis Scripturis for the scripture considered to be canon by the Roman Catholic Church. The decree recites that if anyone declines to receive all parts of the Vulgate edition of the Bible, they are in contempt of the Church and should be excommunicated.
[113] and approves the 4th century
Vulgate of
Jerome as its official Bible
[114]
April 13 –
Alice Glaston , age 11, becomes the youngest girl ever to be legally executed in England (though
John Dean , age 8, is executed on February 23, 1629)
[115]
April 17 –
Dionysius II , the Eastern Orthodox
Metropolitan of Nicomedia , is elected as the Patriarch of Constantinople to succeed Jeremias.
[116]
April 18 –
Hermann of Wied , the German Archbishop of Cologne, is excommunicated by
Pope Paul III after his conversion to Protestantism.
April 20 – The
Siege of Diu begins as the
Gujarat Sultanate , led by
Mahmud Shah III attacks the Portuguese colonial fortress at Diu.
[117] Reinforcements arrive on July 19 and Governor Castro arrives with 3,000 soldiers on November 7. The keeper of the King's Ports and Galley siege lasts until November 10 and ends with a Portuguese victory
April 24 – The first government body to administer England's Royal Navy, the
Keeper of the King's Ports and Galleys , is created by order of King Henry VIII.
[118]
May 1 – Sir
John Alan is dismissed from his post as
Lord Chancellor of Ireland by England's
Privy Council after accusations of corruption and promoting discord are made by the Lord Deputy,
Anthony St Leger . Alan is later reinstated in 1548.
[119]
May 16 – Writing from
Portuguese India , Jesuit missionary
Francis Xavier asks
King João III of Portugal , proposing what will become the
Goa Inquisition of 1561.
[120]
May 19 – The
Siege of Kawagoe Castle ends in defeat for the
Uesugi clan , in their attempt to regain
Kawagoe Castle from the
Late Hōjō clan in
Japan .
May 28 –
Edward Whitchurch and
Richard Grafton are granted the exclusive right to publish
prayer books for the
Church of England by order of King Henry VIII.
[121]
May 29 –
David Beaton , the Roman Catholic
Archbishop of St Andrews and the only Scottish cardinal, is assassinated at
St Andrews Castle by William Kirkcaldy and Norman Leslie in retaliation for the March 28 execution of Protestant preacher
George Wishart .
[122]
June 7 – The Treaty of Ardres (also known as the Treaty of Camp) is signed, resulting in peace between the kingdoms of
England and
France and ending the
Italian War of 1542–1546 .
[123]
[124]
June 17 – The
Council of Trent approves its second decree on Roman Catholic doctrine, Decretum de Pecatto Originali , regarding
original sin , declaring that excommunication should be applied to any person who denies the teaching that the sins of Adam in the Garden of Eden condemned all of humanity, or that Christian baptism remits the guilt of original sin.
[125]
July–September
July 4 – After the death of
Martin Luther , the leaders of the Lutheran
Schmalkaldic League German states (Saxony, Hesse, the Palatinate, Württemberg, Pomerania and Anhalt-Köthen) gather at
Ichtershausen as the guests of Saxon Elector John Frederick I in order to make plans to defend against the Roman Catholic forces of the
Holy Roman Empire .
[126]
July 8 –
the Earl of Arran , Regent of Scotland for
Mary, Queen of Scots recaptures
Dumbarton Castle from England after a 20-day siege.
July 10 – The Schmalkaldic War begins with an attack by the Protestant German states against the town of
Füssen , a village of the
Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg in
Bavaria .
[127]
July 20 –
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor , imposes a
Reichsacht declaring Schmalkadic leaders
John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony and
Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse to be outlwas, and directs
Maurice, Duke of Saxony to enforce it.
[127]
August 14 – The
Scottish Parliament ratifies the
Treaty of Ardres .
[128]
August 20 –
Claude d'Annebault ,
Admiral of France , arrives in England to negotiate English approval of the Treaty of Ardres to end the
Italian War of 1542–1546 .
[129]
August 24 –
Mircea the Shepherd , ruler of the
Principality of Wallachia (now
Romania ) stages a surprise attack in the
Battle of Periș and decimates the members of the Wallachian nobility (
boyars ) who oppose his rule.
[130]
August 28 – In the Imperial counterattack in the
Schmalkaldic War , the Holy Roman Empire army attacks
Frankfurt , the German stronghold of the
Schmalkaldic League , but is forced to retreat after a two-day siege.
[131]
September 3 –
Ilie II Rareș becomes the new
Prince of Moldavia upon the death of his father
Petru IV Rareș , in the Moldavian capital,
Suceava .
[132]
September 8 – The first Protestant Huguenot church in
France , established by Pierre LeClerc and Etienne Mangin at
Meaux 25 miles (40 km) from
Paris , is seized by the French Army and
its 60 members are arrested .
[133] Ten women are released and 50 others put on trial for heresy. LeClerc, Mangin and 12 others are burned at the stake on October 8.
September 23 –
Pier Luigi Farnese , already the
Duke of Parma and Piacenza , is given control of the Italian cities of
Camerino and
Nepi by after a donation to the
Papal States , ruled by
Pope Paul III .
[134]
September 27 –
San Salvador , now the capital of the Central American nation of
El Salvador , is re-established in a new location at the Valle de Las Hamacas.
[135] Until 1545, the colonial capital had been at the
Ciudad Vieja , 10 miles (16 km) further northewest, near
Suchitoto .
October—December
October 8 –
The Fourteen of Meaux , French Huguenots found guilty of heresy for practicing the Protestant faith and rejecting Catholicim, are burned at the stake in front of the ruins of the first
Reformed Church of France .
[136]
October 17 – Irish noble
James Butler, 9th Earl of Ormond , the chief opponent of the policies of
Sir Anthony St Leger , England's
Lord Deputy of Ireland up until April 1, is fatally poisoned after being invited to the
Ely Palace near
London . Ormond dies 11 days later, and no investigation is carried out by the Crown as to whether St Leger is involved. St Leger becomes the Lord Deputy again less than three weeks after Ormond's death.
[137]
October 28 – (4th waxing of Tazaungmon 908 ME) A second campaign begins in the
Toungoo–Mrauk-U War in what is now the Asian nation of
Myanmar , as King
Tabinshwehti of
Burma starts an invasion of the
Kingdom of Mrauk U (led by
Min Bin ) in the
Arakan Mountains . King Tabinshwehti dispatches 19,000 troops, 400 horses, and 60 elephants, with 4,000 invading by land and the other 15,000 being transported on a fleet of 800 war boats, 500 armored war boats, and 100 cargo boats through the Bay of Bengal to the coast of Mrauk U.
[138]
November 4 –
Christ Church, Oxford , is refounded as a college by
Henry VIII of England under this name.
November 8 – (5 Cimi 19 Xul, Mayan calendar) An uprising by the
Maya civilization against the Spanish colonial administrators of
New Spain begins in the Yucatan area of
Mexico , with simultaneous attacks
Mérida ,
Valladolid , and
Bacalar . The attack comes from seven Mayan provinces on the Gulf of Mexico,
Cupul ,
Cochuah ,
Sotuta ,
Tases ,
Uaymil ,
Chetumal , and
Chikinchel .
[139] The rebellion is suppressed by March and the instigators are arrested and executed.
[140]
November 10 – The European colonists defending the city of
Diu in
Portuguese India defeat the
six-month siege that had been started by the
Gujarat Sultanate on April 20.
[141] The Portuguese victory comes three days after the arrival of 3,000 troops and 38 ships.
November 14 – The Treaty of Prague is signed between
King Ferdinand of Bohemia and
Maurice, Elector of Saxony with Ferdinand agreeing not to give shelter in Bohemia to John Ferdinand I, the former Elector of Saxony, who is under an Imperial ban.
December 12 –
Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk and the
Lord High Treasurer of England since 1522 is arrested along with his eldest son,
Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey and both are imprisoned in the
Tower of London .
[142] The Earl of Surrey is executed for treason on January 19; the Duke of Norfolk is sentenced to death, but before the sentence can be carried out, King Henry VIII passes away and Norfolk remains in the Tower until being pardoned in 1553.
December 18 – A truce is agreed to between the Kingdom of Scotland (led by
the Regent Arran ) and the "Catilians", a group of Scottish Protestants who have been holding
St Andrews Castle since their May 29 assassination of Cardinal
David Beaton . With England's King Henry VIII threatening an invasion to protect the Protestant Castilians, the parties agree that no action will be taken until the Pope can consider whether to absolve the Protestants of murder, and that if the Pope grants the absolution, the Protestants will be allowed to surrender on good terms.
[143]
December 19 –
Trinity College, Cambridge , is founded by Henry VIII of England.
[144]
December 30 – Less than a month before his death, King Henry VIII of England revises his last will and testament and designates his preference for the line of succession to the throne. The first four people on the list serve as monarchs at different times, starting with
Edward VI (1547-1553),
Mary I (1553-1558) and
Elizabeth I (1558-1603). The fourth in the line of succession,
Lady Jane Grey , reigns for nine days after the death of Edward before Mary assumes the throne.
[145]
Date unknown
1547
This section is
transcluded from
1547 .
(
|
history )
January–March
April–June
April 4 –
Catherine Parr , widow of King
Henry VIII of England , secretly marries
Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley .
April 24 –
Battle of Mühlberg :
Emperor Charles V defeats the
Lutheran forces of the
Schmalkaldic League and takes
John Frederick I .
[156]
May 19 –
John Frederick I signs the
Capitulation of Wittenberg in order to have his life spared by the Holy Roman Empire.
May 23 – The Protestant
Schmalkaldic League defeats the Catholic Army of the
Holy Roman Empire at the
Battle of Drakenburg . Of 6,000 Imperial troops, 2,500 are killed and another 2,500 are taken prisoner by the Protestants.
[157]
June 4 –
Maurice, Duke of Saxony is formally raised to the status of the Elector.
June 13 – A peace treaty is signed between by representatives of the Holy Roman Empire and of the
Ottoman Empire and
France after the Empire's defeat at the 1543
Siege of Nice .
[158]
June 21 – The apparition of
Mary, mother of Jesus is seen by several women in the
Sicilian city of
Alcamo .
[159] She becomes the patron saint of the city and is celebrated as
the Madonna of Miracles (la Madonna dei Miracoli )
June 23 –
Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse and
John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony , leaders of the Schmalkaldic League who were both captured at the battle of Muhlberg, are transported to south Germany and imprisoned for their revolt against the Empire.
June 26 –
King Henri of France orders the division of France's easternmost provinces and divides them into three zones of control, each administered by a Marshal of the Army. Harding, Robert (1978). Anatomy of a Power Elite: the Provincial Governors in Early Modern France . Yale University Press. p. 29.
June 29 – A fleet of 21 French
galleys , commanded by
Leone Strozzi , arrives at
Fife in
Scotland and begins the siege of
St Andrews Castle .
[160] The siege lasts for a month before
John Knox and Protestant nobles surrender on July 31.
[161]
July–September
July 10 – In France, a
duel takes place at between
Guy I de Chabot , the future Baron of Jarnac, and François de Vivonne, Lord of
La Châtaigneraie , in front of the
Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye . Vivonne, known for his fencing ability, is wounded and dies the next day.
[162]
July 17 – After the
Earl of Arran , Regent of Scotland for
Mary, Queen of Scots , is unable to get England to voluntarily return control of
Langholm to Scotland, he "reduces it by force.".
[163]
July 25 – The coronation of
Henri II as
King of France at the
Reims Cathedral .
[164]
August 13 – The
Duchy of Brittany unites with the
Kingdom of France .
September 10
October–December
October 13 – (New Moon of Thadinovut 909 ME) With the end of the Buddhist Lent, the Kingdom of Burma (now Myanmar) mobilizes to invade the Kingdom of Arakan (now Thailand).
[166]
The
English Parliament , the first convened since the death of King Henry VIII, is opened by King Edward VI.
November 5 –
Catherine Parr , the former Queen consort of England and widow of King
Henry VIII , publishes her book
The Lamentation of a Sinner .
[167]
November 15 – A fleet of 60 Ottoman Navy ships, commanded by
Piri Reis , arrives at the port of
Aden (now in
Yemen )
[168] and
captures the city in slightly more than three months, by February 26, 1548.
December 6 – The
Battle of Perlis River is fought between the Portuguese Navy and the navy of the
Aceh Sultanate (now a province of
Indonesia ) at the
Perlis River in
Malaysia . With nine light warships and 230 soldiers, the Portuguese sink or capture 45 of the 60 ships of Aceh vessel leave 4,000 of their 5,380 soldiers dead or missing.
[169]
December 24 – King Edward VI of England gives
royal assent to numerous laws enacted by Parliament, including the
Treason Act and the
Vagabonds Act .
December 28 –
Sir John Luttrell of England, recently victorious over Scotland in the
Battle of Pinkie , raids the Scottish port of
Burntisland on the
Firth of Forth , after his uncle
Thomas Wyndham brings two Royal Navy warships. Luttrell and Wyndhamburn ships and buildings on the pier and capture
Rossend Castle
[170]
Date unknown
1548
This section is
transcluded from
1548 .
(
|
history )
January–March
January 5 –
Abu al-Abbas Ahmad III , ruler of the
Hafsid Sultanate in what is now
Tunisia in northern Africa, renews the 1547 treaty of friendship with
Spain that had been signed by representatives of his father.
[176]
January 19 – Three ships from the Portuguese Navy arrive at the port of
Aden to assist Mohammed bin Ali al-Tawlaki, who has been defending the city against an attack by the Ottoman Navy. The Portuguese ships are forced to retreat to
Zeila in Somalia, where 120 survivors are captured and their ships are burned.
[177]
January 27 –
King Henri II of
France makes the Châtillon agreement, a contract for
betrothal for an arranged marriage between his four year old son,
Prince Francois , to the five year old
Mary, Queen of Scots , to take place in 1558.
[178]
February 2 – On
Candlemas day in
Scotland , during the
Rough Wooing War with England, the
Byllye Castle near
Auchencrow is captured by a force of 11 English soldiers led by Thomas Carlile, and becomes a garrison for English troops.
[179]
February 14 – (
Tenbun 18, 4th day of 1st month) At he
Battle of Uedahara , firearms are used for the first time on the battlefield in
Japan , and
Takeda Shingen is defeated by
Murakami Yoshikiyo .
[180]
February 26 – The Ottoman Navy, led by Admiral
Ahmed Muhiddin Piri (commonly known as Piri Reis), recaptures Aden.
[177]
March 9 –
Le Trung Tong becomes the new
Emperor of
Dai Viet (corresponding to northern Vietnam) upon the death of his father,
Lê Trang Tông .
[181]
April–June
April 1 –
Sigismund II Augustus succeeds his father,
Sigismund I the Old , as
King of Poland and
Grand Duke of Lithuania .
[182]
April 15 – General
Zhu Wan of
Ming dynasty
China dispatches a fleet of ships, commanded by
Lu Tang , to destroy smugglers and pirates at
Shangyu , a port on Liuheng Island.
[183] The fleet sets off from
Wenzhou and makes its attack in June.
May 15 –
The
Diet of Augsburg approves a decree of
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor , the "Declaration of His Roman Imperial Majesty on the Observance of Religion Within the Holy Empire Until the Decision of the General Council", informally referred to as the
Augsburg Interim , directing German Protestants to resume the doctrine of the
Roman Catholic Church , including observance of the
Seven Sacraments .
[184] As a concession, the Emperor allows the continuation of some Protestant customs, including the right of Protestant clergy to marry and for believers to receive the Protestant
communion of bread and wine.
[185]
Ratan Singh of Amber , Raja of the Amber Kingdom in what is now the Indian state of Rajasthan, is poisoned by his younger brother
Askaran , Raja of Narwar.
[186]
June 1 –
June 10 – (5th day of the waxing moon in the 8th month of the
910th year of the
Chula Sakarat Era):
Yotfa , the 13-year-old ruler of the
Ayutthaya Kingdom of
Thailand since 1546, is murdered with the consent of his mother, the regent
Si Sudachan , who installs her lover,
Worawongsathirat , on the throne. Yotfa's younger brother, Prince Sissin, is spared from execution. Worawongsathirat and Si Sudachan are both killed in a counter-coup in November.
[189]
June 11 –
Suleiman the Magnificent , the
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire begins an invasion of
Safavid Iran that will last for almost two years before he abandons it.
[190]
June 16 – The first of 8,000 French troops under the command of General
André de Montalembert arrive at the port of
Leith at the invitation of the King of Scotland, who seeks to drive out the occupying forces of the Army of England.
[191]
June 30 – The
Augsburg Interim , approved May 15, is codified into law in the
Holy Roman Empire .
June
July–September
July 7 – A marriage treaty is signed between
Scotland and
France , whereby five-year-old
Mary, Queen of Scots , is betrothed to the future King
Francis II of France .
[193]
August 7 – Mary, Queen of Scots, leaves for France.
[194]
September 13 –
Archduke Maximilian of Austria , is married to his first cousin,
Maria of Spain , at the arrangement of
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor , Maria's father and Maximilian's uncle. Charles, who also serves as King of Spain, makes the arrangement in order to have the couple serve as his regents while he travels to Germany.
[195]
October–December
October 1 – Archduke Maximilian and Princess Maria, who married 18 days earlier, become the co-regents of Spain as King Charles V departs for Germany to administer the affairs of the Holy Roman Empire. They serve until
Prince Philip , the first regent, returns from battle on July 12, 1551.
[196]
October 20 – The
city of
La Paz ,
Bolivia , is founded.
[197]
October 31 – At the first
sejm of King
Sigismund II Augustus of Poland, deputies demand that the king renounce his wife
Barbara Radziwiłł .
[198]
[199]
November 11 –
Worawongsathirat , ruler of the
Ayutthaya Kingdom of
Thailand after usurping the throne on June 10, stages his coronation along with his wife,
Si Sudachan . Both husband and wife had after both conspired to murder her son, King Yofta, in June.
[200] The King and Queen are assassinated on January 13, 1549.
[201]
December 17 –
King João III of
Portugal , creates a colonial government of Brazil, with a capital at
Bahia , in order to maintain unity among various Portuguese captaincies (
São Vicente ,
Nova Lusitania ,
Ilhéus and
Porto Seguro ) scattered along the coast.
[202] The document contains 48 articles governing the installation of the government, the organization of trade, measures for defense, treatment of the indigenous tribes, and policies toward foreigners. The King provides for a Governor-General, and appoints
Tomé de Sousa as the first officeholder.
[203]
December –
Siam attacks
Tavoy , beginning the
Burmese–Siamese War of 1548 .
1549
This section is
transcluded from
1549 .
(
|
history )
January–March
April–June
July–September
June 9 – The
Book of Common Prayer is introduced in
English churches;
[96] the
Prayer Book Rebellion against it breaks out in the
West Country .
[213]
June 19 – In the war of the
Rough Wooing between Scotland and England, a Scottish and French force commanded by
André de Montalembert retakes the island of
Inchkeith , killing more than 300 soldiers from the English Army.
July 8 –
Kett's Rebellion , with 18,000 troops led by
Robert Kett , breaks out at
Wymondham in
East Anglia , against fences and enclosures put up by wealthy landowners.
[213] and in
Oxfordshire , against landowners associated with religious changes.
[214]
July 18 – (
Tenbun 18, 24th day of the 7th month) In the Battle of Eguchi, fought in Japan's
Settsu Province near
Osaka , General
Miyoshi Nagayoshi defies the Governor,
Hosokawa Harumoto to attack the Eguchi Castle of Nagayoshi's cousin,
Miyoshi Masanaga . After a 12-day battle, Miyoshi Masanaga is killed along with several of Hosokawa's other generals. Governor Hosokawa, fearing a reprisal, flees and eventually loses his authority over Settsu Province.
[215]
July 21 –
Thomas Cranmer ,
Archbishop of Canterbury , delivers his most important sermon, speaking at
St Paul's Cathedral to defend the Church of England's reasons for uniformly requiring the use of
The Book of Common Prayer .
[216]
July 27 – (
Tenbun 18, 3rd day of the 7th month) European Jesuit
Francis Xavier arrives in
Japan at the port of
Kagoshima , the first Christian missionary there, but is not allowed to go to shore until three weeks later.
July 29 –
Norwich , in
Norfolk falls to Kett's rebels.
August 1 – Kett's rebels defeat a Royal Army led by
William Parr, Marquess of Northampton
August 8 – England and
France declare war.
[218]
August 15 –
Francis Xavier , his translator
Anjirō , and three other Jesuit priests are allowed to come ashore at Kagoshima in Japan.
August 17 –
Battle of Sampford Courtenay in England: The Prayer Book Rebellion is quashed.
August 27 – At the
Battle of Dussindale in England, Kett's Rebellion is ended by troops led by
John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland .
[218]
September 17 – The
Council of Trent is prorogued indefinitely.
September 19 – The English Army abandons
Haddington, East Lothian as it continues its retreat from Scottish and French forces.
[219]
September 29 –
Shimazu Takahisa , the ruling
daimyo of Japan's
Satsuma Province , welcomes the Jesuit party of Francis Xavier.
October–December
October 5 –
Sir Thomas Smith is replaced by Ambassador
Nicholas Wotton as the
second Secretary of State of England , primarily in charge of England's foreign affairs. Wotton serves for less than a year before being dispatched by
King Edward VI back to France.
October 11 –
Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset , the
Lord Protector of England and
Lord High Treasurer since 1547, is arrested on orders of the Regency Council on charges of "ambition, vainglory, entering into rash wars" as well as malfeasance and improper use of the royal treasury.
[220]
October 22 –
Catherine of Habsburg , daughter of
Ferdinand, Duke of Habsburg , marries
Francesco III Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua . Francesco, only 16 years old, dies of pneumonia after only four months of marriage.
[221]
November 4 – The
Pragmatic Sanction is proclaimed by
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor . The
Seventeen Provinces of the Habsburg Low Countries are declared inseparable.
November 10 –
Pope Paul III dies at the age of 81 after a reign of 15 years.
December 3 – The
papal conclave to decide on a successor to
Pope Paul III , goes into session in the
Apostolic Palace in Rome with 51 cardinal electors.Participants at the papal conclave agree to elect the next Pope by secret ballot.
[222]
December 7 –
Robert Kett is hanged from the walls of
Norwich Castle after being found guilty of treason for leading
Kett's Rebellion .
[223] His brother William is hanged from the walls of
Wymondham Abbey on the same day.
December 21 –
Ottoman Empire Sultan
Suleiman the Magnificent abandons his campaign against
Safavid Iran after 21 months, during which he was unable to proceed further than
Tabriz .
[224]
Date unknown
Births
1540
John Sigismund Zápolya
Princess Cecilia of Sweden
January 18 –
Catarina of Portugal, Duchess of Braganza , claimant to the Portuguese throne in
1580 (d.
1614 )
January 25 –
Edmund Campion , English Jesuit and Roman Catholic martyr (d.
1581 )
[227]
January 28 –
Ludolph van Ceulen , German mathematician (d.
1610 )
February 12 –
Won Gyun , Korean general and admiral during the Joseon Dynasty (d.
1597 )
February 23 –
Hedwig of Brandenburg, Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (d.
1602 )
February 25 –
Henry Howard, 1st Earl of Northampton , English aristocrat and courtier (d.
1614 )
March 1 –
Enrique de Guzmán, 2nd Count of Olivares , Spanish noble (d.
1607 )
March 17 –
Bernhard VII, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst , German prince of the House of Ascania (d.
1570 )
April 3 –
Maria de' Medici , Italian noble (d.
1557 )
April 8 –
Toyotomi Hidenaga , Japanese warlord (d.
1591 )
May 9 –
Maharana Pratap , Indian warrior king (d.
1597 )
May 14
May 22 –
James, Duke of Rothesay , Scottish prince (d.
1541 )
May 31 –
Henry Cheyne, 1st Baron Cheyne , English politician and baron (d.
1587 )
June 3 –
Charles II, Archduke of Austria , regent of Inner Austria (d.
1590 )
June 9 –
Shima Sakon , Japanese samurai (d.
1600 )
June 11 –
Barnabe Googe , English poet (d.
1594 )
June 29 –
Ana de Mendoza, Princess of Eboli , Spanish countess (d.
1592 )
June 30 –
Countess Palatine Elisabeth of Simmern-Sponheim , Duchess of Saxony (d.
1594 )
July 7 –
John Sigismund Zápolya , King of Hungary (d.
1571 )
July 11 –
Adolf of Nassau , Count of Nassau, Dutch soldier (d.
1568 )
July 16 –
Alfonso Carafa , Italian cardinal (d.
1565 )
July 19 –
Ludowika Margaretha of Zweibrücken-Bitsch , spouse of Count Philip V of Hanau-Lichtenberg (d.
1569 )
August 4 –
Sisto Fabri , Italian theologian (d.
1594 )
August 5 –
Joseph Justus Scaliger , French Protestant scholar (d.
1609 )
August 25 –
Lady Catherine Grey , English noblewoman, potential successor to the throne (d.
1568 )
September 5 –
Magnus, Duke of Holstein , Prince of Denmark (d.
1583 )
September 9 –
John VII, Count of Oldenburg (d.
1603 )
October 1 –
Johann Jakob Grynaeus , Swiss Protestant clergyman (d.
1617 )
November 12 –
Anna of Veldenz , Margrave of Baden (d.
1586 )
November 16 –
Princess Cecilia of Sweden (d.
1627 )
December 8 –
Giovanni Vincenzo Gonzaga , Italian Catholic cardinal (d.
1591 )
December 21 –
Thomas Schweicker , German artist (d.
1602 )
December 28 –
Charles I, Duke of Mecklenburg (d.
1610 )
December 31 –
Silvio Antoniano , Italian Catholic cardinal (d.
1603 )
date unknown
Andrea Andreani , Italian wood engraver (d.
1623 )
Inés de Hinojosa , Venezuelan
hacendada (d.
1571 )
Francis Drake , English sea captain, privateer, navigator, slaver, pirate and politician (d.
1596 )
Christopher Hatton , English politician (d.
1591 )
George Hastings, 4th Earl of Huntingdon , English nobleman (d.
1604 )
Pierre Jeannin , French statesman (d.
1622 )
François Viète , French mathematician (d.
1603 )
Amago Yoshihisa , Japanese samurai and warlord (d.
1610 )
probable
1541
January 24 –
Magdalena Moons , Dutch woman associated with the
1574 Siege of Leiden (d.
1613 )
[228]
January 26 –
Florent Chrestien , French writer (d.
1596 )
[229]
February 21 –
Philipp V, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (d.
1599 )
[230]
March 25 –
Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d.
1587 )
[231]
April 8 –
Michele Mercati , Italian physician and gardener (d.
1593 )
[232]
April 12 –
Ipatii Potii , Metropolitan of Kiev (d.
1613 )
[233]
September 7
September 5 –
Roberto de' Nobili , Italian Catholic cardinal (d.
1559
[236]
September 21 –
Anna of Nassau-Dillenburg , Countess consort of Nassau-Weilburg (d.
1616 )
[237]
November 9 –
Menso Alting , Dutch preacher and reformer (d.
1612 )
[238]
November 25 –
Michele Bonelli , Italian Catholic cardinal (d.
1598 )
[239]
February 12 –
Johann Bauhin , Swiss botanist (d.
1613 )
[240]
date unknown
1542
Isabella de' Medici
Henriette of Cleves
February 1 –
John Scudamore , English politician (d.
1623 )
[246]
February 22 –
Santino Garsi da Parma , Italian musician (d.
1604 )
[247]
March 19 –
Jan Zamoyski , Polish nobleman (d.
1605 )
[248]
April 29 –
Henry III, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels (d.
1587 )
[249]
May 5 –
Thomas Cecil, 1st Earl of Exeter , English politician (d.
1623 )
[250]
May 11 –
Jakob Christoph Blarer von Wartensee , Swiss Catholic bishop (d.
1608 )
[251]
May 16 –
Anna Sibylle of Hanau-Lichtenberg , German noblewoman, daughter of Count Philip IV of Hanau-Lichtenberg (d.
1580 )
[252]
June 15 –
Richard Grenville , English politician (d.
1591 )
[253]
June 24 –
John of the Cross , Spanish Carmelite mystic, theologian, poet (d.
1591 )
[254]
July 25 –
Magnus, Duke of Östergötland , Swedish prince (d.
1595 )
[255]
Between
August 18 and
August 28 –
Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland (d.
1601 )
[256]
August 27 –
John Frederick, Duke of Pomerania and Protestant Bishop of Cammin (d.
1600 )
[257]
August 31 –
Isabella de' Medici , Italian princess (d.
1576 )
[258]
September 25 –
Elisabeth of Nassau-Dillenburg , sister of William the Silent (d.
1603 )
[259]
October 1 –
Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira , Spanish explorer (d.
1595 )
October 4 –
Robert Bellarmine , Italian saint (d.
1621 )
[260]
October 14 –
Philip IV, Count of Nassau-Weilburg (d.
1602 )
[261]
October 15 –
Akbar , Mughal Emperor (d.
1605 )
[262]
October 31 –
Henriette of Cleves , Duchess of Nevers, Countess of Rethel (d.
1601 )
[263]
November 1 –
Tarquinia Molza , Italian singer (d.
1617 )
[264]
November 9 –
Anders Sørensen Vedel , Danish historian (d.
1616 )
[265]
November 11 –
Scipione Gonzaga , Italian Catholic cardinal (d.
1593 )
[266]
December 8 –
Mary, Queen of Scots (d.
1587 )
[267]
December 21 –
Thomas Allen , English mathematician and astrologer, some suggest
1540 (d.
1632 )
[268]
date unknown
1543
Tokugawa Ieyasu
January 18 (baptized) –
Alfonso Ferrabosco , Italian composer (d.
1588 )
January 31 –
Tokugawa Ieyasu , Japanese shōgun (d.
1616 )
February 4 –
Johannes Heurnius , Dutch physician (d.
1601 )
February 4 –
Giovanni Francesco Fara , Italian writer (d.
1591 )
February 16 –
Kanō Eitoku , Japanese painter (d.
1590 )
[273]
February 18 –
Charles III, Duke of Lorraine (d.
1608 )
February 25 –
Sharaf Khan Bidlisi , Emir of Bitlis (d.
1603 )
March 7 –
John Casimir of the Palatinate-Simmern , German prince and reigning count palatine of Simmern (d.
1592 )
April 1 –
François de Bonne, Duke of Lesdiguières , Constable of France (d.
1626 )
April 11 –
George John I, Count Palatine of Veldenz (d.
1592 )
May 2 –
Jan Moretus , Belgian printer (d.
1610 )
June 8 –
Petrus Albinus , German historian, local history researcher and poet (d.
1598 )
June 29 –
Christine of Hesse , duchess consort of Holstein-Gottorp (1465-1486) (d.
1604 )
July 20 –
Nils Svantesson Sture , Swedish diplomat (d.
1567 )
August 3 –
Nicasius de Sille , Dutch diplomat (d.
1600 )
August 21 –
Giovanni Bembo , Doge of Venice (d.
1618 )
September 14 –
Claudio Acquaviva , Italian Jesuit (d.
1615 )
October 21 –
Michael Hicks , English politician (d.
1612 )
November 2 –
Kasper Franck , German theologian (d.
1584 )
November 8 –
Lettice Knollys , English noblewoman (d.
1634 )
[274]
December 3 –
Alessandro Riario , Italian Catholic cardinal (d.
1585 )
December 29 –
Catherine of Nassau-Dillenburg , daughter of William I (d.
1624 )
date unknown
probable
1544
Dorothea Susanne of Simmern
Anna of Saxony
January 19 – King
Francis II of France (d.
1560 )
[275]
January 24 –
Gillis van Coninxloo , Flemish painter (d.
1607 )
[276]
[277]
February 3 –
César de Bus , French Catholic priest (d.
1607 )
[278]
March 11 –
Torquato Tasso , Italian poet (d.
1595 )
[279]
April –
Thomas Fleming , English judge (d.
1613 )
[280]
April 20 –
Renata of Lorraine , duchess consort of Bavaria (d.
1602 )
[281]
May 24 –
William Gilbert , English scientist and astronomer (d.
1603 )
[282]
July 14 –
Henry Compton, 1st Baron Compton , English politician (d.
1589 )
[283]
August 9 –
Bogislaw XIII, Duke of Pomerania (d.
1606 )
[284]
September 1 –
John Gordon , Scottish bishop (d.
1619 )
[285]
September 28 or
September 29 –
Giovanni de' Medici , Italian Catholic cardinal (d.
1562 )
[286]
November 1 –
Hasan Kafi Pruščak , Bosnian scholar and judge (d.
1615 )
[287]
November 15 –
Dorothea Susanne of Simmern , Duchess of Saxe-Weimar (d.
1592 )
[288]
December 23 –
Anna of Saxony , only child and heiress of Maurice, Elector of Saxony (d.
1577 )
[289]
date unknown
probable
1545
Elisabeth of Valois
Anna Maria of Sweden
January 1 –
Magnus Heinason , Faroese naval hero (d.
1589 )
January 11 –
Guidobaldo del Monte , Italian mathematician, astronomer and philosopher (d.
1607 )
March –
Gaspare Tagliacozzi , Italian surgeon and anatomist (d.
1599 )
March 2 –
Thomas Bodley , English diplomat and scholar, founder of the Bodleian Library, Oxford (d.
1613 )
March 18 –
Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn , German bishop (d.
1617 )
March 25 –
John II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg , Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sønderburg (d.
1622 )
April 1 –
Peder Claussøn Friis , Norwegian clergyman and author (d.
1614 )
April 2 –
Elisabeth of Valois , queen of
Philip II of Spain (d.
1568 )
[294]
April 15 –
Karl II, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels , Duke of Oels (1565–1617), Duke of Bernstadt (1604–1617) (d.
1617 )
April 24 –
Henry Wriothesley, 2nd Earl of Southampton , English earl (d.
1581 )
April 28 –
Yi Sun-sin , Korean naval commander (d.
1598 )
May 1 –
Franciscus Junius , French theologian (d.
1602 )
May 22 –
Karl Christoph, Duke of Münsterberg (d.
1569 )
June 6 –
Jerome Gratian , Spanish Carmelite and writer (d.
1614 )
June 13 –
Naitō Nobunari , Japanese samurai and daimyō of Omi Province (d.
1612 )
June 19 –
Princess Anna Maria of Sweden , Swedish royal (d.
1610 )
July 8 –
Don Carlos of Spain , son of
Philip II of Spain (d.
1568 )
August 1 –
Andrew Melville , Scottish theologian and religious reformer (d.
1622 )
August 27 –
Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma (d.
1592 )
September 7 –
Eitel Friedrich IV, Count of Hohenzollern , First Count of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (d.
1605 )
September 20 –
Yamanaka Yukimori , Japanese samurai (d.
1578 )
October 15 –
Elisabeth of Anhalt-Zerbst , Abbess of Gernrode and Frose, later Countess of Barby-Mühlingen (d.
1574 )
October 19 –
John Juvenal Ancina , Italian oratorian and bishop (d.
1604 )
November 20 –
Ernst Ludwig, Duke of Pomerania (d.
1592 )
November 25 –
Ana de Jesús , Spanish Discalced Carmelite nun and spiritual writer (d.
1621 )
December 6 –
Janus Dousa , Dutch historian and noble (d.
1604 )
December 7 –
Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley , consort of
Mary, Queen of Scots (d.
1567 )
[295]
date unknown
probable –
Nicholas Breton , English poet and novelist (d.
1626 )
1546
Tycho Brahe
January 27 –
Joachim Friedrich , Elector of Brandenburg (d.
1608 )
February 1 –
Mogami Yoshiaki , Japanese daimyō of the Yamagata domain (d.
1614 )
February 4 –
Jakob Monau , Polish writer and linguist (d.
1603 )
February 14 –
Johann Pistorius , German historian (d.
1608 )
March 16 –
Francesco Barbaro , Italian diplomat (d.
1616 )
March 21 –
Bartholomeus Spranger , Flemish painter (d.
1611 )
March 25 –
Giacomo Castelvetro , Italian writer (d.
1616 )
March 27 –
Johannes Piscator , German theologian (d.
1625 )
March 29 –
Anne d'Escars de Givry , French Catholic cardinal (d.
1612 )
April 1 –
Nanbu Nobunao , Japanese daimyō (d.
1599 )
April 20 –
Bernardo de Sandoval y Rojas , Spanish Catholic cardinal (d.
1618 )
June 13 –
Tobias Matthew , English Archbishop of York (d.
1628 )
June 14 –
Wolfgang, Count of Hohenlohe-Weikersheim , German count (d.
1610 )
June 24 –
Robert Parsons , English Jesuit priest (d.
1610 )
June 29 –
Dorothea of Denmark, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1561-1592) (d.
1617 )
July 4 –
Murat III ,
Ottoman Sultan (d.
1595 )
[296]
August 10 –
Juliana of Nassau-Dillenburg , Dutch prince (d.
1588 )
August 13 –
Jan Opaliński , Polish nobleman and Castellan of Rogozin (d.
1598 )
August 31 –
Daniel Adam z Veleslavína , Czech lexicographer (d.
1599 )
September 6 –
Pedro Álvarez de Toledo, 5th Marquis of Villafranca , Spanish noble and politician (d.
1627 )
September 11 –
Arild Huitfeldt , Danish historian (d.
1609 )
September 13 –
Isabella Bendidio , Italian singer and noble in Renaissance court of Ferrara (d.
1610 )
October 5 –
Rudolph Snellius , Dutch linguist and mathematician (d.
1613 )
November 11 –
Richard Madox , English explorer (d.
1583 )
December 14 –
Tycho Brahe , Danish astronomer (d.
1601 )
[297]
date unknown
probable –
Lodewijk Elzevir , Dutch printer (d.
1617 )
1547
Duchess Hedwig of Württemberg
Joanna of Austria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
Miguel de Cervantes
Princess Sophia of Sweden
Claude of Valois
January 15 –
Duchess Hedwig of Württemberg , by marriage countess of Hesse-Marburg (d.
1590 )
[300]
January 20 –
Laurence Bruce , Scottish politician (d.
1617 )
January 24 –
Joanna of Austria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany , Austrian Archduchess (d.
1578 )
[301]
February 8 –
Girolamo Mattei , Italian Catholic cardinal (d.
1603 )
[302]
February 18 –
Bahāʾ al-dīn al-ʿĀmilī , Syrian Arab co-founder of the Isfahan School of Islamic Philosophy (d.
1621 )
[303]
[304]
February 24 –
Don John of Austria , military leader (d.
1578 )
[305]
March 1 –
Rudolph Goclenius , German philosopher (d.
1628 )
[306]
March 26 –
Bernardino Bertolotti , Italian instrumentalist and composer (d.
1609 )
[307]
April 8 –
Lucrezia Bendidio , noblewoman and singer in Renaissance Ferrara (d.
1584 )
[308]
May 15 –
Magnus Pegel , German mathematician (d.
1619 )
May 19 –
Gustaf Banér , Swedish nobleman and member of the Privy Council of Sweden (d.
1600 )
[309]
[310]
June 28 –
Cristofano Malvezzi , Italian organist and composer (d.
1599 )
[311]
July 5 –
Garzia de' Medici , Italian noble (d.
1562 )
[312]
August 10 –
Francis II, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg (d.
1619 )
[313]
September 10 –
George I, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (d.
1596 )
[314]
September 14 –
Johan van Oldenbarnevelt , Dutch statesman (d.
1619 )
[315]
September 20 –
Faizi , Indo-Persian poet and scholar (d.
1595 )
September 22 –
Philipp Nicodemus Frischlin , German philologist and poet (d.
1590 )
[316]
September 29 –
Miguel de Cervantes , Spanish fiction writer (d.
1616 )
[317]
October 2 –
Philipp Ludwig, Count Palatine of Neuburg (1569–1614) and Count Palatine of Sulzbach (1604–1614) (d.
1614 )
[318]
October 18 –
Justus Lipsius , Flemish humanist (d.
1606 )
[319]
October 29 –
Princess Sophia of Sweden , Swedish princess (d.
1611 )
[320]
November 7 –
Rudolf Hospinian , Swiss writer (d.
1626 )
[321]
November 10
November 12 –
Claude of Valois , daughter of King
Henry II of France (d.
1575 )
[324]
November 26 –
Nicolaus Taurellus , German philosopher and theologian (d.
1606 )
[325]
December 5 –
Ubbo Emmius , Dutch historian and geographer (d.
1625 )
[326]
December 15 –
Magdalena of Nassau-Dillenburg , German noblewoman (d.
1633 )
[327]
date unknown
1548
Francisco Suarez
William V, Duke of Bavaria
January 5 –
Francisco Suárez , Spanish priest, philosopher, theologian and saint (d.
1617 )
[337]
February 6 –
Francesco Panigarola , Italian bishop (d.
1594 )
[338]
March 13 –
Sasbout Vosmeer , Dutch Apostolic Vicar (d.
1614 )
[339]
March 17 –
Honda Tadakatsu , Japanese general (d.
1610 )
March 18 –
Cornelis Ketel , Dutch painter (d.
1616 )
[340]
April 15 –
Pietro Cataldi , Italian mathematician (d.
1626 )
[341]
May –
Carel van Mander , Dutch painter and poet (d.
1606 )
[342]
May 8 –
Giacomo Boncompagni , illegitimate son of
Pope Gregory XIII (d.
1612 )
[343]
May 10 –
Antonio Priuli , Doge of Venice (d.
1623 )
[344]
[345]
July 8 –
Kim Jang-saeng , Korean scholar and writer (d.
1631 )
[346]
July 15 –
George III, Count of Erbach-Breuberg (1564–1605) (d.
1605 )
[347]
August 26 –
Bernardino Poccetti , Italian painter (d.
1612 )
[348]
September 2 –
Vincenzo Scamozzi , Italian architect (d.
1616 )
[349]
September 7 –
Filippo Boncompagni , Italian Catholic cardinal (d.
1586 )
[350]
September 29 –
William V, Duke of Bavaria (d.
1626 )
[351]
October 4 –
Matsumae Yoshihiro , Japanese daimyō of Ezochi (Hokkaidō) (d.
1616 )
November 27 –
Jacopo Mazzoni , Italian philosopher (d.
1598 )
[352]
December 30 –
David Pareus , German theologian (d.
1622 )
[353]
approx. date –
Ma Shouzhen , Chinese
Gējì , painter, playwright and poet (d.
1604 )
[354]
date unknown
Giordano Bruno , Italian philosopher, astronomer, and occultist (d.
1600 )
[355]
Oda Nagamasu , Japanese nobleman (d.
1622 )
Luis Barahona de Soto , Spanish poet (d.
1595 )
[356]
William Stanley , English soldier (d.
1630 )
[357]
Saitō Tatsuoki , Japanese daimyō (d.
1573 )
[358]
Sidonia von Borcke , German noble and alleged witch (d.
1620 )
[359]
Tomás Luis de Victoria , Spanish composer (d.
1611 )
[360]
Fernando Ruiz de Castro Andrade y Portugal , Grandee of Spain (d.
1601 )
[361]
probable
1549
Françoise d'Orléans-Longueville
Duchess Sabine of Württemberg
Anne of Austria, Queen of Spain
January 26 –
Jakob Ebert , German theologian (d.
1614 )
January 26 –
Francesco Bassano the Younger , Italian painter (d.
1592 )
February 3 –
Louis of Valois , French prince (d.
1550 )
February 4 –
Eustache Du Caurroy , French composer (d.
1609 )
February 15 –
Barnim X, Duke of Pomerania (1569–1603) (d.
1603 )
February 20 –
Francesco Maria II della Rovere, Duke of Urbino , last Duke of Urbino (d.
1631 )
March 10 –
Francis Solanus , Spanish missionary and saint (d.
1610 )
March 11 –
Hendrik Laurenszoon Spiegel , Dutch writer (d.
1612 )
April 5 –
Françoise d'Orléans-Longueville , French princess (d.
1601 )
April 13 – Count
Juraj IV Zrinski of Croatia (d.
1603 )
June 15 –
Elizabeth Knollys , English noblewoman (d.
1605 )
July 2 –
Duchess Sabine of Württemberg , by marriage Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel (d.
1581 )
July 5 –
Francesco Maria del Monte , Italian Catholic cardinal (d.
1627 )
July 12 –
Edward Manners, 3rd Earl of Rutland (d.
1587 )
July 20 –
Pierre de Larivey , Italian-born French dramatist (d.
1619 )
July 30 –
Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d.
1609 )
August 2 –
Mikołaj Krzysztof "the Orphan" Radziwiłł , Polish nobleman (d.
1616 )
August 10 –
Catherine of Brandenburg-Küstrin , daughter of Margrave John of Küstrin (d.
1602 )
September 1 –
Charles Philippe de Croÿ, Marquis d’Havré , Belgian noble and politician (d.
1613 )
November 2 –
Anna of Austria, Queen of Spain (d.
1580 )
November 5 –
Philippe de Mornay , French writer (d.
1623 )
November 30 –
Sir Henry Savile , English educator (d.
1622 )
December 9 –
Costanzo Antegnati , Italian composer, organist (d.
1624 )
December 20 –
John Petre, 1st Baron Petre , English politician and baron (d.
1613 )
December 24 –
Kaspar Ulenberg , German theologian (d.
1617 )
[366]
date unknown
Deaths
1540
Angela Merici
Thomas Cromwell
Lebna Dengel
c. January –
Elizabeth Blount , mistress of
Henry VIII of England (b.
1502 )
January 27 –
Angela Merici , Italian religious leader and saint (b.
1474 )
March 30 –
Matthäus Lang von Wellenburg , German statesman and archbishop of Salzburg (b.
1469 )
April 21 –
Afonso of Portugal , Catholic cardinal (b.
1509 )
May 6 –
Juan Luís Vives , Spanish scholar (b.
1492 )
May 22 –
Francesco Guicciardini , Italian statesman and historian (b.
1483 )
June 16 –
Konrad von Thüngen , German noble (b. c.
1466 )
July 22 –
John Zápolya , King of Hungary (b. c.
1490 )
July 28 –
Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex , English statesman (executed) (b. c.
1485 )
[367]
July 30
August 23 –
Guillaume Budé , French scholar (b.
1467 )
[368]
August 24 –
Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola (Parmigianino) , Italian artist (b.
1503 )
August 28 –
Federico II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua (b.
1500 )
September 2 –
Lebna Dengel , Emperor of Ethiopia (in battle) (b.
1501 )
September 16 –
Enrique de Borja y Aragón , Spanish noble of the House of Borgia (b.
1518 )
September 20 –
Infante Duarte, Duke of Guimarães , son of King Manuel I of Portugal (b.
1515 )
October 5 –
Helius Eobanus Hessus , German Latin poet (b.
1488 )
date unknown –
Francisco de Ulloa , Spanish explorer
probable
1541
Francisco Pizarro
Pedro de Alvarado
Henry IV, Duke of Saxony
January 2 –
Wang Gen , Chinese philosopher (b.
1483 )
January 5 –
Philip of the Palatinate , Bishop of Freising and Naumburg (b.
1480 )
[369]
April –
Jerzy Radziwiłł , Polish nobleman (b.
1480 )
[370]
April 21 –
James, Duke of Rothesay , Scottish prince (b.
1540 )
April 24 –
Celio Calcagnini , Italian astronomer (b.
1479 )
[371]
April 29 –
Johann Gramann , German theologian (b.
1487 )
[372]
May 27 –
Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury (executed) (b.
1473 )
[373]
June 26 –
Francisco Pizarro , Spanish conquistador (b. c.
1475 )
[374]
July 4 –
Pedro de Alvarado , Spanish conquistador (b.
1495 )
[375]
August –
Juan de Valdés , Spanish religious writer (b.
1500 )
[376]
August 1 –
Simon Grynaeus , German scholar and theologian (b.
1493 )
[377]
August 18 –
Henry IV, Duke of Saxony (1539–1541) (b.
1473 )
[378]
August 19 –
Vincenzo Cappello , Venetian admiral and statesman (b.
1469 )
[379]
September 24 –
Paracelsus , Swiss alchemist and physician (b.
1493 )
[380]
September –
Beatriz de la Cueva , Governor of Guatemala (b.
1510 )
[13]
October 18 –
Margaret Tudor , queen of
James IV of Scotland (b.
1489 )
[381]
November 4 –
Wolfgang Fabricius Capito , German reformer (b.
1478 )
[382]
November 30 –
Amago Tsunehisa , Japanese warlord (b.
1458 )
December 10
December 24 –
Andreas Karlstadt , Christian theologian and reformer (b.
1486 )
[384]
date unknown
1542
James V of Scotland
January 21 –
Azai Sukemasa , Japanese samurai and warlord (b.
1491 )
[389]
February –
Nikolaus Federmann , German adventurer in Venezuela and Colombia (b.
1501 )
[390]
February 1 –
Girolamo Aleandro , Italian cardinal (b.
1480 )
[391]
February 13
March 3 –
Arthur Plantagenet, 1st Viscount Lisle , illegitimate son of King Edward IV of England
[394]
May 21 –
Hernando de Soto , Spanish explorer, navigator and conquistador (b. c.
1500 )
[395]
June 14 –
Christoph von Scheurl , German writer (b.
1481 )
[396]
June 19 –
Leo Jud , Swiss reformer (b.
1482 )
[397]
July 15 –
Lisa del Giocondo , Florentine noblewoman, believed to be the subject of the
Mona Lisa (b.
1479 )
August 24 –
Gasparo Contarini , Italian diplomat and cardinal (b.
1483 )
[398]
August 29 –
Cristóvão da Gama , Portuguese soldier (b. c.
1516 )
[399]
September 17 –
Lucas Fernández , Spanish dramatist and musician (b. c.
1474 )
[400]
September 21 –
Juan Boscán Almogáver , Spanish poet (b. c.
1490 )
[401]
October 11 –
Thomas Wyatt , English poet and diplomat (b.
1503 )
[402]
October 18 –
Giovanni Gaddi , Italian priest (b.
1493 )
[403]
December 14 – King
James V of Scotland (b.
1512 )
[404]
December 16 –
Thomas Lovett III , High Sheriff of Northamptonshire (b.
1473 )
[405]
date unknown
1543
Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo
Nicolaus Copernicus
Hans Holbein the Younger
Gian Matteo Giberti
January 2 –
Francesco Canova da Milano , Italian composer (b.
1497 )
January 3 –
Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo , Portuguese explorer (b.
1499 )
January 9 –
Guillaume du Bellay , French diplomat and general (b.
1491 )
February 13 –
Johann Eck , German Scholastic theologian (b.
1486 )
February 21 –
Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi , Imam of
Adal (in battle) (b. c.
1506 )
March 2 –
John Neville, 3rd Baron Latimer , English politician (b.
1493 )
March 6 –
Baccio D'Agnolo , Florentine woodcarver (b.
1460 )
April 23 –
Susanna of Bavaria , German noble, House of Wittelsbach (b.
1502 )
May 24 –
Nicolaus Copernicus , Polish mathematician and astronomer (b.
1473 )
[407]
June 27 –
Agnolo Firenzuola , Italian poet (b.
1493 )
July 19 –
Mary Boleyn , English courtier, mistress of Kings
Francis I of France and
Henry VIII of England (b.
1500 )
[408]
August 1 –
Magnus I, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg , German noble (b.
1470 )
August 29 –
Maria of Jülich-Berg , German duchess, Spouse of John III, Duke of Cleves (b.
1491 )
September 2 – Sultan
Quli Qutb Mulk , founder of the Qutb Shahi dynasty of Golconda (b.
1470 )
September 20 –
Thomas Manners, 1st Earl of Rutland (b.
1492 )
September 23 –
Johanna of Hachberg-Sausenberg , countess regnant of Neuchatel (b.
1485 )
November 29 –
Hans Holbein the Younger , German artist, active in England
[409]
December 27 –
George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (b.
1484 )
December 29 –
Maria Salviati , Italian noble (b.
1499 )
December 30 –
Gian Matteo Giberti , Italian Catholic bishop (b.
1495 )
date unknown
probable
1544
Johannes Magnus
March 16 –
Louis V, Elector Palatine (1508–1544) (b.
1478 )
[411]
March 22 –
Johannes Magnus , last Catholic Archbishop of Sweden (b.
1488 )
[412]
April 30 –
Thomas Audley ,
Lord Chancellor of England (b.
1488 )
[413]
June 14 –
Antoine, Duke of Lorraine (b.
1489 )
[414]
July 15 –
René of Châlon , Prince of the House of Orange (b.
1519 )
[415]
June 23 –
Eleonore of Fürstenberg , wife of Philip IV, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (b.
1523 )
[416]
August 19 –
Hans Buser , Swiss noble (b.
1513 )
September 12 –
Clément Marot , French poet (b.
1496 )
[417]
September 25 –
Valerius Cordus , German physician and scientist (b.
1515 )
[418]
October 10 –
Charles Blount, 5th Baron Mountjoy , English courtier and patron of learning (b.
1516 )
[419]
October 12 –
Antonio Pucci , Italian Catholic cardinal (b.
1485 )
[420]
November 13 –
Ursula van Beckum , Dutch Anapabtist (b.
1520 )
[421]
November 15 –
Lucy Brocadelli , Dominican tertiary and stigmatic (b.
1476 )
[422]
November 29 –
Jungjong of Joseon (b.
1488 )
December 9 –
Teofilo Folengo , Italian poet (b.
1491 )
[423]
date unknown
1545
Louis X, Duke of Bavaria
January 16 –
George Spalatin , German reformer (b.
1484 )
February 12 or
April 2 –
Stanisław Odrowąż , Polish noble (b.
1509 )
April 3 –
Antonio de Guevara , Spanish chronicler and moralist (b.
1481 )
April 10 –
Costanzo Festa , Italian composer (b.
1495 )
April 22 –
Louis X, Duke of Bavaria (b.
1496 )
April 25 –
Jobst II, Count of Hoya (b.
1493 )
May –
Agnes Howard, Duchess of Norfolk , English noblewoman (b. c.
1477 )
May 22 –
Sher Shah Suri , Indian ruler (b.
1486 )
June 4 –
John Louis, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken (1472–1545) (b.
1472 )
June 12 –
Francis I, Duke of Lorraine (b.
1517 )
June 15 –
Elizabeth of Austria , Polish noble (b.
1526 )
July 7 –
Pernette Du Guillet , French poet (b. c.
1520 )
July 12 –
Maria Manuela, Princess of Portugal (b.
1527 )
August 8 –
Injong of Joseon , 12th king of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea (b.
1515 )
August 22 –
Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk , English politician and husband of
Mary Tudor (b. c.
1484 )
August 27 –
Piotr Gamrat , Polish Catholic archbishop (b.
1487 )
September
September 1 –
Francis de Bourbon, Count of St. Pol , French noble (b.
1491 )
September 9 –
Charles II de Valois, Duke of Orléans , (b.
1522 )
September 24 –
Albert of Mainz , elector and archbishop of Mainz (b.
1490 )
October 18 –
John Taverner , English composer (b. c.
1490 )
[431]
date unknown
1546
Martin Luther
Hayreddin Barbarossa
January 11
January 21 –
Azai Sukemasa , daimyō (b.
1491 )
February 18 –
Martin Luther , German religious reformer (b.
1483 )
[432]
February 23 –
Francis, Count of Enghien , French military leader (b.
1519 )
March 1 –
George Wishart , Scottish religious reformer (martyred) (b.
1513 )
March 26 –
Thomas Elyot , English diplomat and scholar (b. c.
1490 )
April 7 –
Friedrich Myconius , German Lutheran theologian (b.
1491 )
[433]
May 17 –
Philipp von Hutten , German explorer (b.
1511 )
May 28 –
Ottaviano de' Medici , Italian politician (b.
1484 )
May 29 –
David Beaton , Scottish Catholic cardinal (assassinated) (b. c.
1494 )
June 13 –
Fridolin Sicher , Swiss composer (b.
1490 )
July 4 –
Khair ad Din "Barbarossa", corsair ruler of Algiers (b.
1475 )
July 9 –
Robert Maxwell, 5th Lord Maxwell , Scottish statesman (b. c.
1493 )
July 16 –
Anne Askew , English Protestant (burned at the stake) (b.
1521 )
August 1 –
Peter Faber , French Jesuit theologian (b.
1506 )
[434]
August 3
August 12 –
Francisco de Vitoria , Renaissance theologian (b.
1492 )
November 1 –
Giulio Romano , Italian painter (b.
1499 )
1547
King
Henry VIII of England
King
Francis I of France
Saint Cajetan
Hernán Cortés
January 5 –
Johann Heß , German theologian (b.
1490 )
[436]
January 7 –
Albrecht VII, Duke of Mecklenburg (b.
1486 )
[437]
January 16 –
Johannes Schöner , German astronomer and cartographer (b.
1477 )
[438]
January 18 –
Pietro Bembo , Italian cardinal and scholar (b.
1470 )
[439]
January 19 –
Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey , English nobleman, politician and poet, beheaded (b. c.
1517 )
[147]
January 27 –
Anne of Bohemia and Hungary , Queen consort of the Romans, Bohemia and Hungary (b.
1503 )
[440]
January 28 – King
Henry VIII of England (b.
1491 )
[151]
[441]
February 25 –
Vittoria Colonna , marchioness of Pescara (b.
1490 )
[442]
February 28 –
Philippa of Guelders , Duchess of Lorraine (b.
1467 )
[443]
March 31 – King
Francis I of France (b.
1494 )
[154]
[444]
April 11 –
Dorothea of Denmark, Duchess of Prussia , Danish princess (b.
1504 )
[445]
May 22 –
Daniel, Metropolitan of Moscow (b. c.
1492 )
[446]
c. May –
Edward Hall , English chronicler and lawyer (b. c.
1496 )
[447]
June 21 –
Sebastiano del Piombo , Italian painter (b.
1485 )
[448]
July 20 –
Beatus Rhenanus , German humanist and religious reformer (b.
1485 )
[449]
August 7 –
Saint Cajetan , Italian priest and saint (b.
1480 )
[450]
August 17 –
Katharina von Zimmern , Swiss sovereign abbess (b.
1478 )
[451]
September 10 –
Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke of Parma (b.
1503 )
[165]
September 17 –
Frederick II of Legnica , Duke of Legnica from
1488 (until 1495 and 1505 with his brothers) (b.
1480 )
[452]
October 18 –
Jacopo Sadoleto , Italian Catholic cardinal (b.
1477 )
[453]
December 2 –
Hernán Cortés , Spanish conquistador of Mexico (b.
1485 )
[454]
December 28 –
Konrad Peutinger , German humanist and antiquarian (b.
1465 )
[455]
date unknown
1548
King
Sigismund I the Old
Saint
Juan de Zumarraga
Joao de Castro
January 9 –
Matthäus Zell , German Lutheran pastor (b.
1477 )
[459]
January 23 –
Bernardo Pisano , Italian composer (b.
1490 )
[460]
February 26 –
Lorenzino de' Medici , Italian writer and assassin (b.
1514 )
[461]
March 23 –
Itagaki Nobukata , Japanese retainer
March 24 –
Gissur Einarsson , first Lutheran bishop in Iceland
April 1 – King
Sigismund I the Old of Poland (b.
1467 )
[182]
June 3 –
Juan de Zumárraga , Spanish Catholic bishop of Mexico (b.
1468 )
[462]
June 6 –
João de Castro , Portuguese explorer (b.
1500 )
[463]
June 14 –
Carpentras , French composer (b. c.
1470 )
[464]
July 4 –
Philip, Duke of Palatinate-Neuburg , German duke (b.
1503 )
[465]
July 29 –
Gian Gabriele I of Saluzzo , Italian abbot, Marquess of Saluzzo (b.
1501 )
[466]
August 2 –
Henry II, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels and Count of Glatz (b.
1507 )
[467]
September 5 –
Catherine Parr , sixth and last Queen of
Henry VIII of England (b. c.
1512 )
[468]
September 8 –
John III of Pernstein , Bohemian land-owner, Governor of Moravia and Count of Kladsko (b.
1487 )
[469]
October 27 –
Johannes Dantiscus , Polish poet and Bishop of Warmia (b.
1485 )
[470]
November 16 –
Caspar Creuziger , German humanist (b.
1504 )
[471]
December 27 –
Francesco Spiera , Italian Protestant jurist (b.
1502 )
[472]
date unknown
1549
Pope Paul III
January 28 –
Elia Levita , German Yiddish writer (b.
1469 )
February 14 –
Il Sodoma , Italian painter (b.
1477 )
March –
Mingyi Swe , Burmese viceroy of Toungoo
March 14 –
Lorenzo Cybo , Italian condottiero (b.
1500 )
March 20 –
Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley , English politician and diplomat (b.
1508 )
March 25 –
Veit Dietrich , German theologian, writer and reformer (b.
1506 )
[476]
April –
Andrew Boorde , English traveller (b.
1490 )
April 3 –
Matsudaira Hirotada , Japanese daimyo (b.
1526 )
April 15 –
Christine of Saxony , German noble (b.
1505 )
April 24 –
Ralph Neville, 4th Earl of Westmorland , English earl (b.
1498 )
May 11 –
María de Toledo , Vicereine and regent of the Spanish Colony of Santo Domingo (b.
1490 )
June 26 –
Luis Cáncer , Spanish
Dominican priest, missionary, martyr and servant of God (b.
1500 )
July 19 –
Edmund Sheffield, 1st Baron Sheffield , English baron (b.
1521 )
August 11 –
Otto I, Duke of Brunswick-Harburg , Prince of Lüneburg and Baron of Harburg (b.
1495 )
September 10 –
Anthony Denny , confidant of
Henry VIII of England (b.
1501 )
September 21 –
Benedetto Accolti the Younger , Italian Catholic cardinal (b.
1497 )
October 27 –
Marie d'Albret, Countess of Rethel , French nobility (b.
1491 )
November 10 –
Pope Paul III (b.
1468 )
[477]
November 26 –
Henry Somerset, 2nd Earl of Worcester (b.
1496 )
December 7 –
Robert Kett , English rebel (executed)
December 21 –
Marguerite de Navarre , queen of
Henry II of Navarre (b.
1492 )
[478]
date unknown
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