2023–2025 meeting of U.S. legislature
118th Congress House member pin
The 118th United States Congress is the current meeting of the
legislative branch of the
United States federal government , composed of the
United States Senate and the
United States House of Representatives . It convened in
Washington, D.C. , on January 3, 2023, and will end on January 3, 2025, during the final two years of
President
Joe Biden 's
initial term .
In the
2022 midterm elections , the
Republican Party won control of the House 222–213, taking the majority for the first time since the
115th Congress , while the
Democratic Party gained one seat in the Senate, where they already had effective control, and giving them a 51–49 seat majority (with a caucus of 48 Democrats and three independents). With Republicans winning the House, the 118th Congress ended the federal
government trifecta Democrats held in the
117th .
[1]
This congress also features the first female
Senate president pro tempore (
Patty Murray ), the first Black party leader (
Hakeem Jeffries ) in congressional history, and the longest-serving Senate party leaders (
Mitch McConnell and
Dick Durbin ).
[b]
The 118th Congress has been characterized as a uniquely ineffectual Congress, with its most notable events pointing towards political dysfunction.
[2] The intense
gridlock , particularly in the Republican-controlled House where the Republican Conference's majority was often undercut by internal disputes amongst its members,
[3] resulted in it passing the lowest number of laws for the first year of session since the Richard Nixon administration, and possibly ever.
[4] The unproductive session eroded confidence for many seasoned legislators, with five committee chairs amongst the dozens declaring resignations before the end of the session, three of whom were eligible to reprise their positions if the Republican party retained their majority for 2025.
[5]
The Congress began with a multi-ballot
election for Speaker of the House , which had not happened since the
68th Congress in 1923.
Kevin McCarthy was eventually elected speaker on the 15th ballot. After relying on Democratic votes to get out of a
debt ceiling crisis and
government shutdown threats , McCarthy became the first speaker to ever be
removed from the role during a legislative session on October 3, 2023.
[6] Following three failed attempts by various representatives to fill the post, on October 25,
Mike Johnson was elected as speaker. Johnson would advance four more bipartisan continuing resolutions from November into March to avoid shutdowns.
[7]
[8]
Partisan disciplinary actions have also increased. With the expulsion of New York Representative
George Santos from the House in December 2023 over the opposition of the Speaker, this was the first congress since the
107th in which a member was
expelled , and the first ever in which a Republican was. There was also an increase of
censures passed in the House,
[9] being the first congress with multiple censures since the
1983 congressional page sex scandal and the most in one year since 1870. In December 2023, House Republicans authorized an
impeachment inquiry into Joe Biden ,
[10] followed by the
impeachment of Alejandro Mayorkas in February 2024, the first time a cabinet secretary has been the target of impeachment proceedings since
William W. Belknap in 1876.
[11]
[12]
Major events
President
Joe Biden during his
2023 State of the Union Address with Vice President
Kamala Harris and then House Speaker
Kevin McCarthy
President Biden during his
2024 State of the Union Address with Vice President Harris and House Speaker
Mike Johnson
Wikinews has related news:
January 3, 2023, 12 p.m.
EST : Congress convenes. Members-elect of the
United States Senate are sworn in, but members-elect of the
United States House of Representatives can't be sworn as the House adjourns for the day without electing a speaker.
[13]
January 3–7, 2023:
The election for the House speakership takes 15 ballots.
Kevin McCarthy is ultimately elected as speaker, but only after 6 representatives-elect vote "
present ", lowering the threshold to be elected from 218 to 215.
[14]
February 2, 2023: House votes 218–211 to remove Representative
Ilhan Omar of Minnesota from the Committee on Foreign Affairs for her comments about Israel and concerns over her objectivity.
[15]
February 7, 2023:
President
Joe Biden delivers the
2023 State of the Union Address .
June 3, 2023: The
2023 debt-ceiling crisis ends with the
Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 .
June 21, 2023: House votes 213–209 to censure Representative
Adam Schiff of California for his actions during the congressional investigation of
Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election and the
first impeachment of Donald Trump .
[16]
July 12, 2023:
Kamala Harris casts her
31st tie-breaking vote as
Vice President , tying the record set by
John C. Calhoun , to invoke
cloture on
Kalpana Kotagal 's nomination to the
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission .
[17]
September 12, 2023: House opens an
impeachment inquiry into Joe Biden .
September 29, 2023: Senator
Dianne Feinstein of California dies.
[18]
October 3, 2023: House votes 216–210 to
remove Kevin McCarthy from the position of
Speaker of the House through a motion to vacate the chair.
[19]
Patrick McHenry becomes Speaker
pro tempore .
October 17–25, 2023:
October 2023 Speaker election
October 19, 2023: President Biden gives a primetime oval office address, calling for a new aid package for
Israel and
Ukraine , amid the ongoing
Russian invasion of Ukraine and the
Israel–Hamas war .
[20]
October 25, 2023:
Mike Johnson is elected Speaker of the House of Representatives.
[21]
November 8, 2023: House votes 234–188 to censure Representative
Rashida Tlaib of Michigan for her comments condemning
Israel in the midst of the
Israel–Hamas war .
[22]
December 1, 2023: Over the opposition of the Speaker, the House votes 311–114–2 to
expel Representative
George Santos of New York following a
United States House Committee on Ethics report that unanimously found substantial evidence Santos violated federal criminal law.
[23]
[24]
December 5, 2023: Kamala Harris casts her
32nd and 33rd tie-breaking votes , surpassing the record set by
John C. Calhoun , to invoke cloture and then confirm the nomination of
Loren AliKhan to serve as a judge on the
United States District Court for the District of Columbia .
[25]
December 7, 2023: House votes 214–191 to censure Representative
Jamaal Bowman of New York for pulling a fire alarm in the Capitol in October.
[26]
February 6, 2024: House votes to impeach
Secretary of Homeland Security
Alejandro Mayorkas , but the vote fails 214–216.
[27]
February 13, 2024: House votes again to
impeach Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro Mayorkas, succeeding 214–213.
[12]
February 28, 2024: Senator
Mitch McConnell announces he will step down as Republican Senate Leader at the end of the 118th Congress, in January 2025.
[28]
March 7, 2024: President Biden delivers the
2024 State of the Union Address .
Major legislation
Enacted
March 20, 2023:
COVID-19 Origin Act of 2023 ,
S. 619
June 3, 2023:
Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 ,
H.R. 3746
September 30, 2023:
Continuing Appropriations Act, 2024 and Other Extensions Act ,
H.R. 5860
November 16, 2023:
Further Continuing Appropriations and Other Extensions Act, 2024
H.R. 6363
December 22, 2023:
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 ,
H.R. 2670
January 18, 2024: Further Additional Continuing Appropriations and Other Extensions Act, 2024
H.R. 2872
March 1, 2024: Extension of Continuing Appropriations and Other Matters Act, 2024
H.R. 7463
March 8, 2024:
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024
H.R. 4366
Proposed (but not enacted)
House bills
H.R. 1 : Lower Energy Costs Act (passed House, pending before the Senate as of March 30, 2023)
H.R. 2 : Secure the Border Act of 2023 (passed House, pending before the Senate as of May 11, 2023)
H.R. 5 : Parents Bill of Rights Act (passed House, pending before the Senate as of March 27, 2023)
H.R. 7 : No Taxpayer Funding for Abortion and Abortion Insurance Full Disclosure Act of 2023 (House committee consideration as of January 9, 2023 )
H.R. 11 :
Freedom to Vote Act
H.R. 12 :
Women's Health Protection Act of 2023
H.R. 14 :
John R. Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act of 2023
H.R. 15 :
Equality Act
H.R. 16 :
American Dream and Promise Act of 2023
H.R. 17 :
Paycheck Fairness Act
H.R. 20 :
Richard L. Trumka Protecting the Right to Organize Act of 2023
H.R. 21 : Strategic Production Response Act (passed House, pending before the Senate as of January 30, 2023)
H.R. 22 : Protecting America's Strategic Petroleum Reserve from China Act (passed House, pending before the Senate as of January 25, 2023)
H.R. 23 :
Family and Small Business Taxpayer Protection Act (passed House, pending before the Senate as of January 25, 2023)
H.R. 25 :
FairTax Act of 2023 (House committee consideration as of January 9, 2023 )
H.R. 26 :
Born-Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act (passed House, pending before the Senate as of January 25, 2023)
H.R. 40 :
Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African-Americans Act
H.R. 51 :
Washington, D.C., Admission Act (House committee consideration as of January 9, 2023 )
H.R. 82 :
Social Security Fairness Act of 2023 (House committee consideration as of January 9, 2023 )
H.R. 277 : Regulations from the Executive in Need of Scrutiny Act (passed House, pending before the Senate as of June 20, 2023)
H.R. 734 : Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act of 2023 (passed House, pending before the Senate as of April 25, 2023)
H.R. 815 : National Security Act of 2024 (passed House as unrelated RELIEVE Act, passed Senate with an amendment, pending before the House as of February 20, 2024)
H.R. 1124 :
Federal Death Penalty Abolition Act
H.R. 1279 :
Sunshine Protection Act of 2023
H.R. 1282 : "The Major Richard Star Act" To amend title 10, United States Code, to expand eligibility to certain military retirees for concurrent receipt of veterans' disability compensation and retired pay or combat-related special compensation, and for other purposes (placed on Union Calendar No. 117)
H.R. 2663 :
Workplace Violence Prevention for Health Care and Social Service Workers Act
H.R. 2811 : Limit, Save, Grow Act of 2023 (partially incorporated into
Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 )
H.R. 2891 :
SAFE Banking Act of 2023
H.R. 2953 :
FAIR Act of 2023
H.R. 3194 :
U.S. Citizenship Act of 2023
H.R. 3421 :
Medicare for All Act
H.R. 4319 :
Farm Workforce Modernization Act of 2023
H.R. 4889 :
Raise the Wage Act of 2023
H.R. 5601 :
MORE Act of 2023
H.R. 7024 :
Tax Relief for American Families and Workers Act of 2024 (passed House, pending before the Senate as of February 1, 2024)
H.R. 7521 :
Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act (passed House, pending before the Senate)
Senate bills
Major resolutions
Adopted
Proposed
Vetoed
H.J.Res. 27 : Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Department of Defense and the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Revised Definition of 'Waters of the United States'".
H.J.Res. 30 : Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights".
H.J.Res. 39 : Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of Commerce relating to "Procedures Covering Suspension of Liquidation, Duties and Estimated Duties in Accord With Presidential Proclamation 10414".
H.J.Res. 42 : Disapproving the action of the
District of Columbia Council in approving the Comprehensive Policing and Justice Reform Amendment Act of 2022.
H.J.Res. 45 : Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Waivers and Modifications of Federal Student Loans".
S.J.Res. 11 : Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Control of Air Pollution From New Motor Vehicles: Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle Standards".
S.J.Res. 32 : Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to "Small Business Lending Under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (Regulation B)".
S.J.Res. 38 : Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Federal Highway Administration relating to "Waiver of Buy America Requirements for Electric Vehicle Chargers".
Party summary
Resignations and new members are discussed in the
"Changes in membership" section :
Number of members of Congress by age, 118th Congress
Senate
Senate membership
October 3, 2023 – present
Begin (January 3, 2023 – January 8, 2023)
January 8, 2023 – January 23, 2023
January 23, 2023 – September 29, 2023
September 29, 2023 – October 3, 2023
Overview of Senate membership by party
Party(shading shows control)
Total
Vacant
Democratic
Independent
Republican
End of
previous Congress
[c]
48
2
50
100
0
Begin (January 3, 2023)
48
3
49
100
0
January 8, 2023
[d]
48
99
1
January 23, 2023
[d]
49
100
0
September 29, 2023
[e]
47
99
1
October 3, 2023
[e]
48
100
0
Current voting share
51.0%
49.0%
House of Representatives
House membership
February 28, 2024 – present
Begin (January 3, 2023 – March 7, 2023)
March 7, 2023 – May 31, 2023
May 31, 2023 – September 15, 2023
September 15, 2023 – November 13, 2023
November 13, 2023 – November 28, 2023
November 28, 2023 – December 1, 2023
December 1, 2023 – December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023 – January 21, 2024
January 21, 2024 – February 2, 2024
February 2, 2024 – February 28, 2024
Overview of House membership by party
Party(shading shows control)
Total
Vacant
Democratic
Republican
End of
previous Congress
216
213
429
6
Begin (January 3, 2023)
[f]
212
222
434
1
March 7, 2023
[f]
213
435
0
May 31, 2023
[g]
212
434
1
September 15, 2023
[h]
221
433
2
November 13, 2023
[g]
213
434
1
November 28, 2023
[h]
222
435
0
December 1, 2023
[i]
221
434
1
December 31, 2023
[j]
220
433
2
January 21, 2024
[k]
219
432
3
February 2, 2024
[l]
212
431
4
February 28, 2024
[i]
213
432
3
March 22, 2024
[m]
218
431
4
Current voting share
49.3%
50.7%
Non-voting members
3
3
[n]
6
0
Leadership
Note: Democrats refer to themselves as a "caucus"; Republicans refer to themselves as a "conference".
Senate
Presiding
Majority (Democratic)
Minority (Republican)
House of Representatives
Patrick McHenry (R),
from October 3 to October 25, 2023 (as Speaker pro tempore)
Presiding
Majority (Republican)
Minority (Democratic)
Members
Senate
The numbers refer to their
Senate classes . All class 3 seats were contested in the
November 2022 elections . In this Congress, class 3 means their term commenced in 2023, requiring
re-election in 2028 ; class 1 means their term ends with this Congress, requiring
re-election in 2024 ; and class 2 means their term began in the last Congress, requiring
re-election in 2026 .
House of Representatives
All 435 seats were filled by
election in November 2022 . Additionally,
six non-voting members were elected from the
American territories and
Washington, D.C.
[r]
The numbers refer to the
congressional district of the given state in this Congress. Eight new congressional districts were created or re-created, while eight others were eliminated, as a result of the
2020 United States census .
[s]
[t]
▌
1 .
Jerry Carl (R)
▌
2 .
Barry Moore (R)
▌
3 .
Mike Rogers (R)
▌
4 .
Robert Aderholt (R)
▌
5 .
Dale Strong (R)
▌
6 .
Gary Palmer (R)
▌
7 .
Terri Sewell (D)
▌
At-large .
Mary Peltola (D)
▌
1 .
David Schweikert (R)
▌
2 .
Eli Crane (R)
▌
3 .
Ruben Gallego (D)
▌
4 .
Greg Stanton (D)
▌
5 .
Andy Biggs (R)
▌
6 .
Juan Ciscomani (R)
▌
7 .
Raúl Grijalva (D)
▌
8 .
Debbie Lesko (R)
▌
9 .
Paul Gosar (R)
▌
1 .
Rick Crawford (R)
▌
2 .
French Hill (R)
▌
3 .
Steve Womack (R)
▌
4 .
Bruce Westerman (R)
▌
1 .
Doug LaMalfa (R)
▌
2 .
Jared Huffman (D)
▌
3 .
Kevin Kiley (R)
▌
4 .
Mike Thompson (D)
▌
5 .
Tom McClintock (R)
▌
6 .
Ami Bera (D)
▌
7 .
Doris Matsui (D)
▌
8 .
John Garamendi (D)
▌
9 .
Josh Harder (D)
▌
10 .
Mark DeSaulnier (D)
▌
11 .
Nancy Pelosi (D)
▌
12 .
Barbara Lee (D)
▌
13 .
John Duarte (R)
▌
14 .
Eric Swalwell (D)
▌
15 .
Kevin Mullin (D)
▌
16 .
Anna Eshoo (D)
▌
17 .
Ro Khanna (D)
▌
18 .
Zoe Lofgren (D)
▌
19 .
Jimmy Panetta (D)
▌
20 .
Kevin McCarthy (R) (until December 31, 2023)
[j]
▌ Vacant
▌
21 .
Jim Costa (D)
▌
22 .
David Valadao (R)
▌
23 .
Jay Obernolte (R)
▌
24 .
Salud Carbajal (D)
▌
25 .
Raul Ruiz (D)
▌
26 .
Julia Brownley (D)
▌
27 .
Mike Garcia (R)
▌
28 .
Judy Chu (D)
▌
29 .
Tony Cárdenas (D)
▌
30 .
Adam Schiff (D)
▌
31 .
Grace Napolitano (D)
▌
32 .
Brad Sherman (D)
▌
33 .
Pete Aguilar (D)
▌
34 .
Jimmy Gomez (D)
▌
35 .
Norma Torres (D)
▌
36 .
Ted Lieu (D)
▌
37 .
Sydney Kamlager-Dove (D)
▌
38 .
Linda Sánchez (D)
▌
39 .
Mark Takano (D)
▌
40 .
Young Kim (R)
▌
41 .
Ken Calvert (R)
▌
42 .
Robert Garcia (D)
▌
43 .
Maxine Waters (D)
▌
44 .
Nanette Barragán (D)
▌
45 .
Michelle Steel (R)
▌
46 .
Lou Correa (D)
▌
47 .
Katie Porter (D)
▌
48 .
Darrell Issa (R)
▌
49 .
Mike Levin (D)
▌
50 .
Scott Peters (D)
▌
51 .
Sara Jacobs (D)
▌
52 .
Juan Vargas (D)
▌
1 .
Diana DeGette (D)
▌
2 .
Joe Neguse (D)
▌
3 .
Lauren Boebert (R)
▌
4 .
Ken Buck (R) (until March 22, 2024)
[m]
▌
5 .
Doug Lamborn (R)
▌
6 .
Jason Crow (D)
▌
7 .
Brittany Pettersen (D)
▌
8 .
Yadira Caraveo (D)
▌
1 .
John B. Larson (D)
▌
2 .
Joe Courtney (D)
▌
3 .
Rosa DeLauro (D)
▌
4 .
Jim Himes (D)
▌
5 .
Jahana Hayes (D)
▌
At-large .
Lisa Blunt Rochester (D)
▌
1 .
Matt Gaetz (R)
▌
2 .
Neal Dunn (R)
▌
3 .
Kat Cammack (R)
▌
4 .
Aaron Bean (R)
▌
5 .
John Rutherford (R)
▌
6 .
Michael Waltz (R)
▌
7 .
Cory Mills (R)
▌
8 .
Bill Posey (R)
▌
9 .
Darren Soto (D)
▌
10 .
Maxwell Frost (D)
▌
11 .
Daniel Webster (R)
▌
12 .
Gus Bilirakis (R)
▌
13 .
Anna Paulina Luna (R)
▌
14 .
Kathy Castor (D)
▌
15 .
Laurel Lee (R)
▌
16 .
Vern Buchanan (R)
▌
17 .
Greg Steube (R)
▌
18 .
Scott Franklin (R)
▌
19 .
Byron Donalds (R)
▌
20 .
Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick (D)
▌
21 .
Brian Mast (R)
▌
22 .
Lois Frankel (D)
▌
23 .
Jared Moskowitz (D)
▌
24 .
Frederica Wilson (D)
▌
25 .
Debbie Wasserman Schultz (D)
▌
26 .
Mario Díaz-Balart (R)
▌
27 .
María Elvira Salazar (R)
▌
28 .
Carlos A. Giménez (R)
▌
1 .
Buddy Carter (R)
▌
2 .
Sanford Bishop (D)
▌
3 .
Drew Ferguson (R)
▌
4 .
Hank Johnson (D)
▌
5 .
Nikema Williams (D)
▌
6 .
Rich McCormick (R)
▌
7 .
Lucy McBath (D)
▌
8 .
Austin Scott (R)
▌
9 .
Andrew Clyde (R)
▌
10 .
Mike Collins (R)
▌
11 .
Barry Loudermilk (R)
▌
12 .
Rick Allen (R)
▌
13 .
David Scott (D)
▌
14 .
Marjorie Taylor Greene (R)
▌
1 .
Ed Case (D)
▌
2 .
Jill Tokuda (D)
▌
1 .
Russ Fulcher (R)
▌
2 .
Mike Simpson (R)
▌
1 .
Jonathan Jackson (D)
▌
2 .
Robin Kelly (D)
▌
3 .
Delia Ramirez (D)
▌
4 .
Chuy García (D)
▌
5 .
Mike Quigley (D)
▌
6 .
Sean Casten (D)
▌
7 .
Danny Davis (D)
▌
8 .
Raja Krishnamoorthi (D)
▌
9 .
Jan Schakowsky (D)
▌
10 .
Brad Schneider (D)
▌
11 .
Bill Foster (D)
▌
12 .
Mike Bost (R)
▌
13 .
Nikki Budzinski (D)
▌
14 .
Lauren Underwood (D)
▌
15 .
Mary Miller (R)
▌
16 .
Darin LaHood (R)
▌
17 .
Eric Sorensen (D)
▌
1 .
Frank J. Mrvan (D)
▌
2 .
Rudy Yakym (R)
▌
3 .
Jim Banks (R)
▌
4 .
Jim Baird (R)
▌
5 .
Victoria Spartz (R)
▌
6 .
Greg Pence (R)
▌
7 .
André Carson (D)
▌
8 .
Larry Bucshon (R)
▌
9 .
Erin Houchin (R)
▌
1 .
Mariannette Miller-Meeks (R)
▌
2 .
Ashley Hinson (R)
▌
3 .
Zach Nunn (R)
▌
4 .
Randy Feenstra (R)
▌
1 .
Tracey Mann (R)
▌
2 .
Jake LaTurner (R)
▌
3 .
Sharice Davids (D)
▌
4 .
Ron Estes (R)
▌
1 .
James Comer (R)
▌
2 .
Brett Guthrie (R)
▌
3 .
Morgan McGarvey (D)
▌
4 .
Thomas Massie (R)
▌
5 .
Hal Rogers (R)
▌
6 .
Andy Barr (R)
▌
1 .
Steve Scalise (R)
▌
2 .
Troy Carter (D)
▌
3 .
Clay Higgins (R)
▌
4 .
Mike Johnson (R)
▌
5 .
Julia Letlow (R)
▌
6 .
Garret Graves (R)
▌
1 .
Chellie Pingree (D)
▌
2 .
Jared Golden (D)
▌
1 .
Andy Harris (R)
▌
2 .
Dutch Ruppersberger (D)
▌
3 .
John Sarbanes (D)
▌
4 .
Glenn Ivey (D)
▌
5 .
Steny Hoyer (D)
▌
6 .
David Trone (D)
▌
7 .
Kweisi Mfume (D)
▌
8 .
Jamie Raskin (D)
▌
1 .
Richard Neal (D)
▌
2 .
Jim McGovern (D)
▌
3 .
Lori Trahan (D)
▌
4 .
Jake Auchincloss (D)
▌
5 .
Katherine Clark (D)
▌
6 .
Seth Moulton (D)
▌
7 .
Ayanna Pressley (D)
▌
8 .
Stephen Lynch (D)
▌
9 .
Bill Keating (D)
▌
1 .
Jack Bergman (R)
▌
2 .
John Moolenaar (R)
▌
3 .
Hillary Scholten (D)
▌
4 .
Bill Huizenga (R)
▌
5 .
Tim Walberg (R)
▌
6 .
Debbie Dingell (D)
▌
7 .
Elissa Slotkin (D)
▌
8 .
Dan Kildee (D)
▌
9 .
Lisa McClain (R)
▌
10 .
John James (R)
▌
11 .
Haley Stevens (D)
▌
12 .
Rashida Tlaib (D)
▌
13 .
Shri Thanedar (D)
▌
1 .
Brad Finstad (R)
▌
2 .
Angie Craig (DFL)
[q]
▌
3 .
Dean Phillips (DFL)
[q]
▌
4 .
Betty McCollum (DFL)
[q]
▌
5 .
Ilhan Omar (DFL)
[q]
▌
6 .
Tom Emmer (R)
▌
7 .
Michelle Fischbach (R)
▌
8 .
Pete Stauber (R)
▌
1 .
Trent Kelly (R)
▌
2 .
Bennie Thompson (D)
▌
3 .
Michael Guest (R)
▌
4 .
Mike Ezell (R)
▌
1 .
Cori Bush (D)
▌
2 .
Ann Wagner (R)
▌
3 .
Blaine Luetkemeyer (R)
▌
4 .
Mark Alford (R)
▌
5 .
Emanuel Cleaver (D)
▌
6 .
Sam Graves (R)
▌
7 .
Eric Burlison (R)
▌
8 .
Jason Smith (R)
▌
1 .
Ryan Zinke (R)
▌
2 .
Matt Rosendale (R)
▌
1 .
Mike Flood (R)
▌
2 .
Don Bacon (R)
▌
3 .
Adrian Smith (R)
▌
1 .
Dina Titus (D)
▌
2 .
Mark Amodei (R)
▌
3 .
Susie Lee (D)
▌
4 .
Steven Horsford (D)
▌
1 .
Chris Pappas (D)
▌
2 .
Annie Kuster (D)
▌
1 .
Donald Norcross (D)
▌
2 .
Jeff Van Drew (R)
▌
3 .
Andy Kim (D)
▌
4 .
Chris Smith (R)
▌
5 .
Josh Gottheimer (D)
▌
6 .
Frank Pallone (D)
▌
7 .
Thomas Kean Jr. (R)
▌
8 .
Rob Menendez (D)
▌
9 .
Bill Pascrell (D)
▌
10 .
Donald Payne Jr. (D)
▌
11 .
Mikie Sherrill (D)
▌
12 .
Bonnie Watson Coleman (D)
▌
1 .
Melanie Stansbury (D)
▌
2 .
Gabe Vasquez (D)
▌
3 .
Teresa Leger Fernandez (D)
▌
1 .
Nick LaLota (R)
▌
2 .
Andrew Garbarino (R)
▌
3 .
George Santos (R) (until December 1, 2023)
[i]
▌
Tom Suozzi (D) (from February 28, 2024)
[i]
▌
4 .
Anthony D'Esposito (R)
▌
5 .
Gregory Meeks (D)
▌
6 .
Grace Meng (D)
▌
7 .
Nydia Velázquez (D)
▌
8 .
Hakeem Jeffries (D)
▌
9 .
Yvette Clarke (D)
▌
10 .
Dan Goldman (D)
▌
11 .
Nicole Malliotakis (R)
▌
12 .
Jerry Nadler (D)
▌
13 .
Adriano Espaillat (D)
▌
14 .
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D)
▌
15 .
Ritchie Torres (D)
▌
16 .
Jamaal Bowman (D)
▌
17 .
Mike Lawler (R)
▌
18 .
Pat Ryan (D)
▌
19 .
Marc Molinaro (R)
▌
20 .
Paul Tonko (D)
▌
21 .
Elise Stefanik (R)
▌
22 .
Brandon Williams (R)
▌
23 .
Nick Langworthy (R)
▌
24 .
Claudia Tenney (R)
▌
25 .
Joseph Morelle (D)
▌
26 .
Brian Higgins (D) (until February 2, 2024)
[l]
▌ Vacant
▌
1 .
Don Davis (D)
▌
2 .
Deborah Ross (D)
▌
3 .
Greg Murphy (R)
▌
4 .
Valerie Foushee (D)
▌
5 .
Virginia Foxx (R)
▌
6 .
Kathy Manning (D)
▌
7 .
David Rouzer (R)
▌
8 .
Dan Bishop (R)
▌
9 .
Richard Hudson (R)
▌
10 .
Patrick McHenry (R)
▌
11 .
Chuck Edwards (R)
▌
12 .
Alma Adams (D)
▌
13 .
Wiley Nickel (D)
▌
14 .
Jeff Jackson (D)
▌
At-large .
Kelly Armstrong (R)
▌
1 .
Greg Landsman (D)
▌
2 .
Brad Wenstrup (R)
▌
3 .
Joyce Beatty (D)
▌
4 .
Jim Jordan (R)
▌
5 .
Bob Latta (R)
▌
6 .
Bill Johnson (R) (until January 21, 2024)
[k]
▌ Vacant
▌
7 .
Max Miller (R)
▌
8 .
Warren Davidson (R)
▌
9 .
Marcy Kaptur (D)
▌
10 .
Mike Turner (R)
▌
11 .
Shontel Brown (D)
▌
12 .
Troy Balderson (R)
▌
13 .
Emilia Sykes (D)
▌
14 .
David Joyce (R)
▌
15 .
Mike Carey (R)
▌
1 .
Kevin Hern (R)
▌
2 .
Josh Brecheen (R)
▌
3 .
Frank Lucas (R)
▌
4 .
Tom Cole (R)
▌
5 .
Stephanie Bice (R)
▌
1 .
Suzanne Bonamici (D)
▌
2 .
Cliff Bentz (R)
▌
3 .
Earl Blumenauer (D)
▌
4 .
Val Hoyle (D)
▌
5 .
Lori Chavez-DeRemer (R)
▌
6 .
Andrea Salinas (D)
▌
1 .
Brian Fitzpatrick (R)
▌
2 .
Brendan Boyle (D)
▌
3 .
Dwight Evans (D)
▌
4 .
Madeleine Dean (D)
▌
5 .
Mary Gay Scanlon (D)
▌
6 .
Chrissy Houlahan (D)
▌
7 .
Susan Wild (D)
▌
8 .
Matt Cartwright (D)
▌
9 .
Dan Meuser (R)
▌
10 .
Scott Perry (R)
▌
11 .
Lloyd Smucker (R)
▌
12 .
Summer Lee (D)
▌
13 .
John Joyce (R)
▌
14 .
Guy Reschenthaler (R)
▌
15 .
Glenn Thompson (R)
▌
16 .
Mike Kelly (R)
▌
17 .
Chris Deluzio (D)
▌
1 .
David Cicilline (D) (until May 31, 2023)
[g]
▌
Gabe Amo (D) (from November 13, 2023)
[g]
▌
2 .
Seth Magaziner (D)
▌
1 .
Nancy Mace (R)
▌
2 .
Joe Wilson (R)
▌
3 .
Jeff Duncan (R)
▌
4 .
William Timmons (R)
▌
5 .
Ralph Norman (R)
▌
6 .
Jim Clyburn (D)
▌
7 .
Russell Fry (R)
▌
At-large .
Dusty Johnson (R)
▌
1 .
Diana Harshbarger (R)
▌
2 .
Tim Burchett (R)
▌
3 .
Chuck Fleischmann (R)
▌
4 .
Scott DesJarlais (R)
▌
5 .
Andy Ogles (R)
▌
6 .
John Rose (R)
▌
7 .
Mark Green (R)
▌
8 .
David Kustoff (R)
▌
9 .
Steve Cohen (D)
▌
1 .
Nathaniel Moran (R)
▌
2 .
Dan Crenshaw (R)
▌
3 .
Keith Self (R)
▌
4 .
Pat Fallon (R)
▌
5 .
Lance Gooden (R)
▌
6 .
Jake Ellzey (R)
▌
7 .
Lizzie Fletcher (D)
▌
8 .
Morgan Luttrell (R)
▌
9 .
Al Green (D)
▌
10 .
Michael McCaul (R)
▌
11 .
August Pfluger (R)
▌
12 .
Kay Granger (R)
▌
13 .
Ronny Jackson (R)
▌
14 .
Randy Weber (R)
▌
15 .
Monica De La Cruz (R)
▌
16 .
Veronica Escobar (D)
▌
17 .
Pete Sessions (R)
▌
18 .
Sheila Jackson Lee (D)
▌
19 .
Jodey Arrington (R)
▌
20 .
Joaquin Castro (D)
▌
21 .
Chip Roy (R)
▌
22 .
Troy Nehls (R)
▌
23 .
Tony Gonzales (R)
▌
24 .
Beth Van Duyne (R)
▌
25 .
Roger Williams (R)
▌
26 .
Michael C. Burgess (R)
▌
27 .
Michael Cloud (R)
▌
28 .
Henry Cuellar (D)
▌
29 .
Sylvia Garcia (D)
▌
30 .
Jasmine Crockett (D)
▌
31 .
John Carter (R)
▌
32 .
Colin Allred (D)
▌
33 .
Marc Veasey (D)
▌
34 .
Vicente Gonzalez (D)
▌
35 .
Greg Casar (D)
▌
36 .
Brian Babin (R)
▌
37 .
Lloyd Doggett (D)
▌
38 .
Wesley Hunt (R)
▌
1 .
Blake Moore (R)
▌
2 .
Chris Stewart (R) (until September 15, 2023)
[h]
▌
Celeste Maloy (R) (from November 28, 2023)
[h]
▌
3 .
John Curtis (R)
▌
4 .
Burgess Owens (R)
▌
At-large .
Becca Balint (D)
▌
1 .
Rob Wittman (R)
▌
2 .
Jen Kiggans (R)
▌
3 .
Bobby Scott (D)
▌
4 .
Jennifer McClellan (D) (from March 7, 2023)
[f]
▌
5 .
Bob Good (R)
▌
6 .
Ben Cline (R)
▌
7 .
Abigail Spanberger (D)
▌
8 .
Don Beyer (D)
▌
9 .
Morgan Griffith (R)
▌
10 .
Jennifer Wexton (D)
▌
11 .
Gerry Connolly (D)
▌
1 .
Suzan DelBene (D)
▌
2 .
Rick Larsen (D)
▌
3 .
Marie Gluesenkamp Perez (D)
▌
4 .
Dan Newhouse (R)
▌
5 .
Cathy McMorris Rodgers (R)
▌
6 .
Derek Kilmer (D)
▌
7 .
Pramila Jayapal (D)
▌
8 .
Kim Schrier (D)
▌
9 .
Adam Smith (D)
▌
10 .
Marilyn Strickland (D)
▌
1 .
Carol Miller (R)
▌
2 .
Alex Mooney (R)
▌
1 .
Bryan Steil (R)
▌
2 .
Mark Pocan (D)
▌
3 .
Derrick Van Orden (R)
▌
4 .
Gwen Moore (D)
▌
5 .
Scott Fitzgerald (R)
▌
6 .
Glenn Grothman (R)
▌
7 .
Tom Tiffany (R)
▌
8 .
Mike Gallagher (R)
▌
At-large .
Harriet Hageman (R)
Non-voting members
▌
American Samoa :
Amata Coleman Radewagen (R)
▌
District of Columbia :
Eleanor Holmes Norton (D)
▌
Guam :
James Moylan (R)
[45]
▌
Northern Mariana Islands :
Gregorio Sablan (D)
▌
Puerto Rico :
Jenniffer González (R-PNP)
[r]
▌
United States Virgin Islands :
Stacey Plaskett (D)
House composition by district
Held by Democrats
Held by Republicans
Vacant
House seats by party holding majority in state, as of December 12, 2022. D : 100% 80–99% 70–79% 60–69% 51–59% 50% R : 100% 80–99% 70–79% 60–69% 51–59% 50%
Changes in membership
Senate changes
Senate changes
State (class)
Vacated by
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's formal installation
[u]
Nebraska (2)
Ben Sasse (R)
Incumbent resigned January 8, 2023, to become the president of the
University of Florida .
[31] Successor was appointed January 12, 2023, to continue the term.
[46]
[v]
Pete Ricketts (R)
January 23, 2023
California (1)
Dianne Feinstein (D)
Incumbent died September 29, 2023.
[32] Successor was appointed October 1, 2023, to continue the term.
[48]
Laphonza Butler (D)
October 3, 2023
California (1)
Laphonza Butler (D)
Appointment to expire in November or December 2024, following a
special election .
[49] Successor will be elected November 5, 2024, to finish the term ending with this Congress.
[50]
TBD
House of Representatives changes
House changes
District
Vacated by
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's formal installation
[u]
Virginia 4
Vacant
Incumbent
Donald McEachin (D) died November 28, 2022, before the beginning of this Congress. A
special election was held on February 21, 2023.
[51]
Jennifer McClellan (D)
March 7, 2023
Rhode Island 1
David Cicilline (D)
Incumbent resigned May 31, 2023, to become CEO of the Rhode Island Foundation. A
special election was held on November 7, 2023.
[36]
Gabe Amo (D)
November 13, 2023
Utah 2
Chris Stewart (R)
Incumbent resigned September 15, 2023, due to his wife's health issues. A
special election was held on November 21, 2023.
[38]
Celeste Maloy (R)
November 28, 2023
New York 3
George Santos (R)
Incumbent
expelled December 1, 2023.
[52] A
special election was held on February 13, 2024.
Tom Suozzi (D)
February 28, 2024
California 20
Kevin McCarthy (R)
Incumbent resigned December 31, 2023.
[53] A
special election will be held with a
jungle primary on March 19, 2024, and the general election on May 21, 2024.
TBD
Ohio 6
Bill Johnson (R)
Incumbent resigned January 21, 2024, to become president of
Youngstown State University .
[54]
[55] A
special election will be held with primaries on March 19, 2024, and the general election on June 11, 2024.
TBD
New York 26
Brian Higgins (D)
Incumbent resigned February 2, 2024, to become president of
Shea's Performing Arts Center .
[56] A
special election will be held on April 30, 2024.
[57]
TBD
Colorado 4
Ken Buck (R)
Incumbent to resign on March 22, 2024.
[58] A
special election will be held on June 25, 2024.
TBD
Committees
Section contents:
Senate ,
House ,
Joint
Senate committees
Standing committees
Select, permanent select and special committees
House of Representatives committees
Joint committees
Officers and officials
Congressional officers
Senate officers
House of Representatives officers
See also
Notes
^
Removed in a vote of the House.
^ McConnell has served as Senate Republican Leader since January 3, 2007, and Durbin has served as Senate Democratic Whip since January 3, 2005.
^
a
b In
Arizona :
Kyrsten Sinema left the Democratic Party to become an
independent politician on December 9, 2022. Effective January 3, 2023, Sinema does not participate in either political party caucus but keeps her seniority and continues to receive committee assignments through the Democrats.
[29]
[30]
^
a
b
c
d In
Nebraska :
Ben Sasse (R) resigned on January 8, 2023, to become President of the
University of Florida .
[31]
Pete Ricketts (R) was appointed to fill the vacancy on January 12, 2023, and took office on January 23.
^
a
b
c
d In
California :
Dianne Feinstein (D) died on September 29, 2023.
[32]
Laphonza Butler (D) was appointed to fill the vacancy on October 1, 2023, and took office on October 3.
[33]
^
a
b
c In
Virginia's 4th district :
Donald McEachin (D) died during the previous Congress, and
Jennifer McClellan (D) was
elected February 21, 2023. She was sworn in on March 7.
[34]
[35]
^
a
b
c
d In
Rhode Island's 1st district :
David Cicilline (D) resigned on May 31, 2023, and
Gabe Amo (D) was
elected November 7, 2023. He was sworn in on November 13.
[36]
^
a
b
c
d In
Utah's 2nd district :
Chris Stewart (R) resigned on September 15, 2023, due to his wife's health issues,
[37]
[38] and
Celeste Maloy (R) was
elected November 21, 2023. She was sworn in on November 28, 2023.
[39]
^
a
b
c
d In
New York's 3rd district :
George Santos (R) was expelled on December 1, 2023.
Tom Suozzi (D) was
elected February 13, 2024. He was sworn in on February 28, 2024.
[40]
^
a
b In
California's 20th district :
Kevin McCarthy (R) resigned on December 31, 2023.
^
a
b In
Ohio's 6th district :
Bill Johnson (R) resigned on January 21, 2024.
^
a
b In
New York's 26th district :
Brian Higgins (D) resigned on February 2, 2024.
^
a
b In
Colorado's 4th district : Ken Buck will be resigning on March 22, 2024. A
special election will be held on June 25, 2024.
^ Includes a
New Progressive Party member who is also affiliated as a Republican.
^ Since 1920, the Senate Democratic leader has also concurrently served as the Democratic Caucus chairperson; this is an unwritten tradition.
^ In California, There are
two elections , a special election to fill the seat for the final two months of this congress, and a general election for a full term starting with the 119th Congress. Butler is not running to finish the final two months of the current term.
^
a
b
c
d
e
f The
Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) is the Minnesota affiliate of the
U.S. Democratic Party and its members are counted as Democrats.
^
a
b Puerto Rico's non-voting member, the
Resident Commissioner , is elected every four years.
Jenniffer González was last
elected in 2020.
^ The new districts created were:
Colorado's 8th ;
Florida's 28th ;
North Carolina's 14th ;
Oregon's 6th ;
Texas's 37th ;
Texas's 38th . The districts re-created were:
Montana's 1st ;
Montana's 2nd .
^ The eliminated districts were:
California's 53rd ;
Illinois's 18th ;
Michigan's 14th ;
Montana's at-large ;
New York's 27th ;
Ohio's 16th ;
Pennsylvania's 18th ;
West Virginia's 3rd .
^
a
b When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began.
^ Ricketts serves as senator on an interim basis, until a
special election , which will be held on November 5, 2024, concurrently with the
presidential election and the
general election for Nebraska's class 1 senator. The winner of the special election will complete the remainder of Sasse's term, which expires on January 3, 2027, when the winner of the
2026 regular election will commence a full term.
[47]
^ The Joint Taxation Committee leadership rotate the chair and vice chair and the ranking members between the House and Senate at the start of each session in the middle of the congressional term. The first session leadership is shown here.
References
^
"Republicans win control of the House, NBC News projects, overtaking Democrats by a slim margin" . NBC News . November 16, 2022. Retrieved November 17, 2022 .
^ Binder, Sarah (December 26, 2023).
"Why Congress's 2023 was so dismal" . Good Authority .
^ Garrity, Kelly (November 15, 2023).
"Why Republicans Are on the Verge of Fistfights" . Politico . Retrieved November 17, 2023 .
^
"Capitol Hill stunner: 2023 led to fewest laws in decades" . Axios . 2023.
^ Wong, Scott (February 22, 2024).
"Republican dysfunction drives a wave of House retirements" . NBC News .
^
"House makes history, removes McCarthy as Speaker" . The Hill . October 3, 2023.
^
"President Joe Biden signs bill to avoid a partial government shutdown" . AP News . January 19, 2024. Retrieved January 21, 2024 .
^ Yilek, Caitlin (March 1, 2024).
"Biden signs short-term funding bill to avert government shutdown" . CBS News .
^ Schnell, Mychael (December 6, 2023).
"GOP advances Bowman censure resolution, teeing up final vote" . The Hill .
^
"Biden impeachment inquiry authorized by House Republicans, despite lack of evidence" . Reuters . 2023.
^ Beitsch, Rebecca (February 6, 2024).
"In stunner, House GOP bid to impeach Mayorkas fails" . The Hill .
^
a
b Parkinson, Josh; Peller, Lauren; Ali, Ayesha (February 13, 2024).
"House Republicans impeach Homeland Security Secretary Mayorkas in historic, controversial vote" . ABC News . Archived from
the original on February 14, 2024. Retrieved February 14, 2024 .
^
"House Speaker Election Coverage: House adjourns after McCarthy suffers defeat on third ballot" . The Hill . January 3, 2023. Retrieved January 3, 2023 .
^ McCartney, Allison; Parlapiano, Alicia; Wu, Ashley; Zhang, Christine; Williams, Josh; Cochrane, Emily; Murphy, John-Michael (January 6, 2023).
"Vote Count: McCarthy Elected House Speaker After 15 Ballots" . The New York Times . Retrieved January 9, 2023 .
^
"House Republicans vote to remove Rep. Ilhan Omar from the Foreign Affairs Committee" .
NPR . February 2, 2023. Retrieved November 9, 2023 .
^
"In rowdy scene, House censures Rep. Adam Schiff over Trump-Russia investigations" .
Associated Press . June 21, 2023. Retrieved November 9, 2023 .
^
"Harris ties Calhoun's 191-year-old record for breaking Senate ties" . Roll Call . July 12, 2023. Retrieved July 18, 2023 .
^
"Dianne Feinstein: Senator died of natural causes Friday morning" . The San Francisco Chronicle . September 29, 2023. Retrieved September 29, 2023 .
^ Greve, Joan E. (October 3, 2023).
"Kevin McCarthy ousted as US House speaker by hard-right Republicans" .
The Guardian .
ISSN
0261-3077 . Retrieved October 3, 2023 .
^
"Joe Biden, In Oval Office Primetime Address, Makes Case For Renewed Support For Israel And Ukraine: "American Leadership Is What Holds The World Together" " .
Deadline Hollywood . October 19, 2023. Retrieved October 19, 2023 .
^
"House elects Mike Johnson as Speaker, ending GOP chaos" . The Hill . October 25, 2023. Retrieved October 25, 2023 .
^ Jorgensen, Sarah (November 7, 2023).
"Tlaib again faces censure resolutions over Israel comments | CNN Politics" . CNN . Retrieved November 8, 2023 .
^ Breuninger, Kevin (December 1, 2023).
"Rep. George Santos expelled from Congress for corruption, cutting GOP majority" . CNBC. Retrieved December 1, 2023 .
^ Ferek, Katy Stech; Vielkind, Jimmy (December 1, 2023).
"George Santos Expelled From Congress in Tense House Vote" . The Wall Street Journal . News Corp. Retrieved December 1, 2023 .
^ Nerozzi, Timothy H. J.
"Harris makes history with record-setting tie-breaking Senate vote" . Fox News. Retrieved December 6, 2023 .
^ Amiri, Farnoush.
"House votes to censure Democratic Rep. Bowman for pulling a fire alarm in a Capitol office building" . Associated Press.
^
"The GOP-controlled House fails to impeach the homeland security secretary. What could come next?" . AP News . February 6, 2024. Retrieved February 14, 2024 .
^
"McConnell will step down as the Senate Republican leader in November after a record run in the job" . AP News . February 28, 2024. Retrieved March 1, 2024 .
^
"Sinema leaving the Democratic Party and registering as an independent" .
CNN . December 9, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022 .
^ 2023
Congressional Record , Vol. 169, Page
S22 (January 3, 2023)
^
a
b Hammel, Paul (December 5, 2022).
"Ben Sasse makes it official, will resign U.S. Senate seat Jan. 8" .
Nebraska Examiner . Retrieved December 6, 2022 .
^
a
b
"Sen. Dianne Feinstein, an 'icon for women in politics,' dies at 90, source confirms" . ABC 7 News . September 29, 2023. Retrieved September 29, 2023 .
^ Rubin, April (October 3, 2023).
"California Sen. Laphonza Butler sworn in, marking historic first" . Axios . Retrieved October 3, 2023 .
^ LeBlanc, Paul (November 29, 2022).
"Virginia Rep. Donald McEachin dies at age 61" . cnn.com .
CNN . Retrieved November 29, 2022 .
^
"On our radar: Jennifer McClellan will be sworn in to Congress next week" . The Washington Post . March 2, 2023.
^
a
b Scola, Nancy (May 31, 2023).
" 'Every Step of the Way, They Underestimated Us' " . Politico .
^ Schott, Bryan.
"Rep. Chris Stewart plans to resign from Congress" .
The Salt Lake Tribune . Retrieved May 30, 2023 .
^
a
b Gehrke, Robert; Parrott, Jeff.
"BREAKING: Special election to replace Rep. Stewart pushes Utah's 2023 city elections back to Nov. 21" .
The Salt Lake Tribune . Retrieved June 7, 2023 .
^ Betz, Bradford (June 7, 2023).
"Utah Rep. Chris Stewart to step down from Congress in September" .
Fox News . Retrieved June 7, 2023 .
^ Shen, Michelle (February 28, 2024).
"Tom Suozzi sworn back into Congress, filling vacant Santos seat and narrowing the GOP's slim majority" .
CNN . Retrieved February 29, 2024 .
^ Gutman, David (November 16, 2022).
"Patty Murray to be first female Senate president pro tempore, third in line for presidency" . The Seattle Times . Retrieved November 16, 2022 .
^ Treene, Alayna; Solender, Andrew (November 16, 2022).
"McConnell re-elected as Senate GOP leader" . Axios . Retrieved November 16, 2022 .
^ LeVine, Marianne.
"McConnell breaks Senate record for longest-serving leader" . Politico . Retrieved January 4, 2023 .
^ Mizelle, Shawna (January 4, 2023).
"Hakeem Jeffries to make history as the first Black lawmaker to lead a party in Congress" . CNN . Retrieved January 4, 2023 .
^ Gilbert, Haidee Eugenio (November 8, 2022).
"Moylan defeats Won Pat in delegate race" .
Pacific Daily News . Retrieved November 8, 2022 .
^
"Nebraska Gov. Jim Pillen to announce US Senator Ben Sasse's replacement on Thursday" .
KETV . January 11, 2023. Retrieved January 11, 2023 . The appointment, which will be announced at 9 a.m., will be effective on Thursday.
^
"Nebraska Revised Statute 32-565" . nebraskalegislature.gov .
Nebraska Legislature . Retrieved November 17, 2022 .
^
"Governor Gavin Newsom Appoints Laphonza Butler to Complete Senator Feinstein's Term in the U.S. Senate" . gov.ca.gov .
^ Hubler, Shawn (October 19, 2023).
"Laphonza Butler Will Not Run for Feinstein's Senate Seat in 2024" .
The New York Times . Retrieved October 19, 2023 .
^ Porter, Jacque (October 4, 2023).
"Californians will vote on two U.S. Senate races in 2024" .
KTXL . Retrieved October 19, 2023 .
^ Flynn, Meagan (December 12, 2022).
"Youngkin announces special election to fill late Rep. McEachin's seat" .
The Washington Post . Retrieved December 12, 2022 .
^ Wong, Scott; Gregorian, Dareh; Santaliz, Kate; Stewart, Kyle (December 1, 2023).
"House votes to expel indicted Rep. George Santos from Congress" .
NBC News . Retrieved December 1, 2023 .
^ Brooks, Emily (December 19, 2023).
"Kevin McCarthy submits official House resignation" .
The Hill . Retrieved December 31, 2023 .
^
"Ohio Republican to retire from House to lead Youngstown State" . thehill.com . November 21, 2023. Retrieved November 23, 2023 .
^ Skolnick, David (January 2, 2024).
"Bill Johnson to resign Jan. 21 from Congress, start as YSU president the next day" .
Tribune Chronicle . Retrieved January 2, 2024 .
^ Joly, Aidan (November 12, 2023).
"Brian Higgins announces plans to resign from Congress, set to take top Shea's job" .
WIVB-TV . Retrieved November 12, 2023 .
^
"Date set for NY-26 special election to fill Higgins' seat in Congress" . February 12, 2024. Retrieved February 13, 2024 .
^ Foran, Clare (March 12, 2024).
"GOP Rep. Ken Buck to leave Congress at end of next week" .
CNN . Retrieved March 12, 2024 .
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