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Calendar year
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1839 .
1839 (
MDCCCXXXIX ) was a
common year starting on Tuesday of the
Gregorian calendar and a
common year starting on Sunday of the
Julian calendar , the 1839th year of the
Common Era (CE) and
Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 839th year of the
2nd millennium , the 39th year of the
19th century , and the 10th and last year of the
1830s decade. As of the start of 1839, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
Events
January–March
April–June
April 9 – The world's
first commercial electric telegraph line comes into operation, alongside the
Great Western Railway line in England, from
London Paddington station to
West Drayton .
April 19 – The
Treaty of London establishes
Belgium as a
kingdom , with its independence and neutrality guaranteed by the
great powers of Europe. Half of the
Limburg province of
Belgium is added to the
Netherlands , giving rise to a
Belgian Limburg and
Dutch Limburg (the latter being joined (from
September 5 ) to the
German Confederation ).
April 24 –
Boston University is established as the Newbury Biblical Institute in Vermont.
May 7 – The
Bedchamber Crisis begins in the United Kingdom, after Prime Minister
Lord Melbourne announces his resignation.
[1]
Queen Victoria asks several MPs to form a new government, and they insist on the condition that the Queen dismiss several of her personal attendants, the
ladies of the bedchamber , for political reasons.
May 12 – Socialist activist
Louis Auguste Blanqui and the Société des Saisons begin an uprising against the government of
France . The insurrection is suppressed, but not before 50 people are killed and 190 wounded. Blanqui is imprisoned until
1848 .
[2]
May 22 – Former British statesman
Lord Durham , as President of the
New Zealand Company , formally asks the British government for permission to colonize
New Zealand , and to establish a colonial government under the sovereignty of the United Kingdom.
[3]
May 23 – Turkish troops cross the
Euphrates River and invade Syria, but are defeated in battle in June.
[4]
June 3 –
Destruction of opium at Humen begins,
casus belli for Britain to open the 3-year
First Opium War against
Qing Dynasty China. A rapid rise in the sale of opium in China to over 40,000 chests (~56,000 kilograms (123,000 lb)) per annum results.
[5]
[6] has caused the Chinese government to dispatch scholar-official
Lin Zexu to
Guangzhou to deal with the
growing problem of opium addiction .
June 22 –
Louis Daguerre receives a patent for his camera (commercially available by September at the price of 400 francs).
June 27 – The
emperor of the
Sikh Empire ,
Maharaja Ranjit Singh , dies at 58.
July–September
Lithograph depicting the
July 23 storming of the fortress during the
Battle of Ghazni .
October–December
October 3 – A railway between
Naples and
Portici (7.4 km (4.6 mi)) in the
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies is inaugurated by
King Ferdinand II of
Bourbon as the first line in the
Italian Peninsula .
October 15 –
Emir Abdelkader declares a
jihad against the
French .
November 4 –
Newport Rising : Between 5,000 and 10,000
Chartist sympathisers march on
Newport, Monmouthshire , to liberate Chartist prisoners; around 22 are killed when troops fire on the crowd.
[7] This is the last large-scale armed civil rebellion against authority in mainland Britain and sees the most deaths.
November 11 – The
Virginia Military Institute is founded in
Lexington, Virginia .
November 17 –
Giuseppe Verdi 's first opera,
Oberto, conte di San Bonifacio , opens in
Milan .
November 25 – A disastrous
cyclone hits India with terrible winds and a giant 40-foot
storm surge , wiping out the port city of
Coringa ; 300,000 people die.
November 27 – The
American Statistical Association is founded in
Boston ,
Massachusetts .
December 6 – The
Whig Party (United States) , at its first ever
national convention , in
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania , nominates former U.S. Army General
William Henry Harrison to be its candidate for President of the United States in the
1840 election. Although Senator
Henry Clay of Kentucky has received 103 of the 128 necessary votes on the first ballot, he obtains only 90 on the final vote, while Harrison gets 148. Former U.S. Senator
John Tyler is unanimously nominated for vice president.
[8]
December 26 –
Heinola was granted
town rights by Czar
Nicholas I .
[9]
[10]
Date unknown
In the United States, the first state law permitting women to own property is passed in
Jackson, Mississippi .
The
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland , backed by the
Russian Empire and the
Austrian Empire , compels
July Monarchy France to abandon
Muhammad Ali of Egypt , and forces him to return
Syria and
Arabia to the
Ottoman Empire .
Tanzimat starts in the
Ottoman Empire .
Emperor
Minh Mạng renames
Việt Nam to Đại Nam.
Michael Faraday publishes
"Experimental Researches in Electricity" , clarifying the true nature of
electricity .
Charles Goodyear
vulcanizes
rubber .
An archaeological excavation on
Copán begins.
Khalid bin Saud Al Suad usurps the throne from
Faisal bin Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud , who assumed power of Nejd in 1834, and is sent to Cairo as prisoner. Omar bin Ofaysan, the Amir Faisal's governor in the Eastern Province seeks asylum in
Bahrain , but Khalid the pretender demands his surrender and the surrender of the fort at
Dammam ; then under the control of the Al Khalifa of Bahrain.
Khorshid Pasha vows to attack Bahrain to exert Egyptian rule over Bahrain, but his attack is prevented after Shaikh Abdulla bin Ahmed of Bahrain pays tribute.
A quarrel broke out between the Chief of
Abu Dhabi of the Beniyas tribe, Shaikh Khalifa bin Shakboot, and the fugitives who settled there after their departure from Bahrain, the Al Binali tribe. Under the command of their leader, Isa bin Tureef Al Binali, they relocate to Kenn Island where they exercise depredations over the Bahrain and other Gulf vessels. Their motive is to restore their belongings which they abandoned upon leaving Bahrain.
Valley Falls Company , as predecessor of
Berkshire Hathaway , a
conglomerate and
holdings business in
United States , was founded in
Rhode Island .[
page needed ]
Chattanooga, Tennessee , is incorporated as a town.
Galveston, Texas , is incorporated.
Episcopal High School (Alexandria, Virginia) is founded in
Alexandria, Virginia , as the first high school in Virginia.
Births
January–June
Paul Cézanne [
dubious –
discuss ]
Marianne Hainisch
Josiah Willard Gibbs
Frederic W. Tilton
January 2 –
Gustave Trouvé , French electrical engineer, inventor (d.
1902 )
January 8 –
William A. Clark , American politician, entrepreneur (d.
1925 )
January 9 –
John Knowles Paine , American composer (d.
1906 )
January 19 –
Paul Cézanne , French painter (d.
1906 )
[11]
January 26 –
Rachel Lloyd , American chemist (d.
1900 )
February 6 –
Caroline Testman , Danish women's rights activist (d.
1919 )
February 11
February 18 –
Pascual Cervera y Topete , Spanish admiral (d.
1909 )
February 22 –
Francis Pharcellus Church , American editor, publisher (d.
1906 )
March 3 –
Jamsetji Tata , Indian Parsi businessman (d.
1904 )
March 8 –
Josephine Cochrane , American inventor of the first commercially successful dishwasher (d.
1913 )
March 15 –
Daniel Ridgway Knight , American artist (d.
1924 )
March 16
March 21 –
Modest Mussorgsky , Russian composer (d.
1881 )
March 23 –
Julius von Hann , Austrian meteorologist (The father of modern meteorology ) (d.
1921 )
March 25
March 27 –
John Ballance , 14th
Premier of New Zealand (d.
1893 )
April 3 –
Karl, Freiherr von Prel , German philosopher (d.
1899 )
April 8 –
Belle L. Pettigrew , American teacher, missionary (d.
1912 )
April 12 –
Nikolay Przhevalsky , Russian explorer (d.
1888 )
April 16 –
Antonio Starabba, Marchese di Rudinì , 12th Prime Minister of Italy (d.
1908 )
April 23 –
Tom Allen , English boxer (d.
1903 )
April 30
May 14 –
Frederic W. Tilton , American educator and 7th
Principal of
Phillips Academy in
Andover, Massachusetts (d.
1918 )
May 21 –
Mary of the Passion , French
Roman Catholic religious sister, missionary, and blessed (d.
1904 )
June 1 –
Abdyl Frashëri , Albanian politician (d.
1892 )
June 10 –
Ludvig Holstein-Ledreborg , Prime Minister of Denmark (d.
1912 )
June 17 –
Arthur Tooth ,
Anglican
clergyman prosecuted for
Ritualist practices in the
1870s (d.
1931 )
June 21 –
Machado de Assis , Brazilian author (d.
1908 )
July–December
John D. Rockefeller
Alfred Sisley
July –
Baba Jaimal Singh , Founder of Radha Soami Satsang Beas (d.
1903 )
July 6 –
Édouard Pottier , French admiral (d.
1903 )
July 8 –
John D. Rockefeller , American industrialist, philanthropist (d.
1937 )
July 17 –
Ephraim Shay , American inventor of the
Shay locomotive (d.
1916 )
July 18 –
James Surtees Phillpotts , English author (d.
1930 )
July 22 –
Jacob Hägg , Swedish admiral and painter (d.
1931 )
July 28 –
Isabelle Gatti de Gamond , Italo-Belgian educationalist, feminist, and politician (d.
1905 )
July 31 –
Ignacio Andrade , 37th President of Venezuela (d.
1925 )
August 4 –
Walter Pater , English essayist, critic (d.
1894 )
August 8 –
Nelson A. Miles , American general (d.
1925 )
August 15 –
Antonín Petrof , Czech piano maker (d.
1915 )
September 2 –
Henry George , American writer, politician, and political economist (d.
1897 )
September 7 –
Patricio Montojo y Pasarón , Spanish admiral (d.
1917 )
September 10 –
Charles Sanders Peirce , American philosopher, logician, mathematician, and scientist (d.
1914 )
September 12 –
Mary H. Graves , American minister, literary editor, writer (d.
1908 )
October 2 –
Oscar de Négrier , French general (d.
1913 )
October 9
October 11 –
Jeanne Merkus , Dutch deaconess, guerilla soldier, and political activist (d.
1897 )
October 30 –
Alfred Sisley , French Impressionist landscape painter (d.
1899 )
November 1 –
Pál Luthár , Slovene writer in Hungary (d.
1919 )
November 12 –
Frank Furness , American architect, soldier (d.
1912 )
November 18 –
Emil Škoda , Czech engineer, industrialist (d.
1900 )
November 20 –
Christian Wilberg , German painter (d.
1882 )
November 30 –
Catherine Amanda Coburn , American journalist, newspaper editor (d.
1913 )
December 5 –
George Armstrong Custer , American cavalry officer (d.
1876 )
December 7 –
Sir Redvers Buller , British general, Victoria Cross recipient (d.
1908 )
December 21 –
Sherman Conant , American soldier and politician (d.
1890 )
Date unknown
Deaths
January–June
William Farquhar
January 24 –
Michele Cachia , Maltese architect, military engineer (b.
1760 )
February 7 –
Karl August Nicander , Swedish poet (b.
1799 )
February 8 –
William Williams , English politician (b.
1774 )
February 10 –
Pedro Romero , Spanish
torero (b.
1754 )
February 12 – Moulvi Syed Qudratullah, Bengali judge (b.
1750 )
[14]
March 2 –
Charlotte Napoléone Bonaparte , niece of
Napoleon I of France (b.
1802 )
March 20 –
Caspar Voght , German businessman (b.
1752 )
April 1 –
Benjamin Pierce , American politician (b.
1757 )
April 2 –
Hezekiah Niles , American editor, publisher (b.
1777 )
April 4 – Queen
Kaahumanu II of Hawaii
April 11 –
John Galt ,
Scottish novelist (b.
1779 )
April 22
May 11
May 17 –
Archibald Alison , Scottish author (b.
1757 )
June 23 –
Lady Hester Stanhope , English archaeologist (b.
1776 )
June 27 –
Ranjit Singh , Maharaja of The Punjab (
Sikh Empire ) (b.
1780 )
[15]
July–December
Friedrich Mohs
July 1 –
Mahmud II , Ottoman sultan (b.
1785 )
July 8 –
Fernando Sor , Spanish guitarist, composer (b.
1778 )
July 15 –
Winthrop Mackworth Praed , English politician, poet (b.
1802 )
July 16 –
Chief Bowles , Cherokee leader (b. ~
1756 )
July 19 –
Maurice de Guérin , French poet (b.
1810 )
August 10 –
Sir John St Aubyn, 5th Baronet , English fossil collector (b.
1758 )
August 22 –
Benjamin Lundy , American abolitionist (b.
1789 )
August 28 –
William Smith , English geologist, cartographer (b.
1769 )
September 10 –
James Maitland, 8th Earl of Lauderdale , Scottish politician (b.
1759 )
September 29 –
Friedrich Mohs , German geologist, mineralogist (b.
1773 )
October 6 –
William Light , British Army colonel, first Surveyor-General of
South Australia (b.
1786 )
October 11 –
Leonor de Almeida Portugal, 4th Marquise of Alorna , Portuguese painter, poet (b.
1750 )
November 15 –
William Murdoch , Scottish inventor (b.
1754 )
December 3 –
Frederick VI , King of Denmark, ex-King of Norway (b.
1768 )
December 4 –
John Leamy , Irish–American merchant (b.
1757 )
December 15 –
Ignaz Aurelius Fessler , Hungarian court councillor, minister to Alexander I (b.
1756 )
December 26 –
Laurent Jean François Truguet , French admiral (b.
1752 )
References
^ Mark Hovell, The Chartist Movement (Manchester University Press, 1966) p143
^ Jill Harsin, Barricades: The War of the Streets in Revolutionary Paris, 1830-1848 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2002) p124
^ T. Lindsay Buick, The French at Akaroa: An Adventure in Colonization (Cambridge University Press, 1928)(reprinted 2011) p294
^ Charles Alan Fyffe, A History of Modern Europe , Volume 2 (Cassell & Company, 1886) p453
^
Greenberg, Michael (1969).
British Trade and the Opening of China 1800-1841 (preview) . p. 113. expansion in imports from 16,550 chests in the season 1831-2 to over 30,000 in 1835-6, and 40,000 in 1838-9
^
Ebrey, Patricia Buckley , ed. (2010). "Chapter 9: Manchus and Imperialism: The Qing Dynasty 1644–1900". The Cambridge Illustrated History of China (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 236.
ISBN
978-0-521-19620-8 .
^
"John Lovell and the People's Charter" . The struggle for democracy . Kew:
The National Archives . 2003.
Archived from the original on September 26, 2007. Retrieved May 11, 2019 .
^ Haynes, Stan M. (2012). The First American Political Conventions: Transforming Presidential Nominations, 1832-1872 . McFarland. p. 54.
^
"Arkistonmuodostaja: Heinolan maistraatti" (in Finnish).
The National Archives of Finland . Retrieved September 3, 2021 .
^
"Heinolan historia" (in Finnish). Town of Heinola. Retrieved September 3, 2021 .
^
"Paul Cézanne | French artist | Britannica" . www.britannica.com . Retrieved May 14, 2023 .
^
"The Nobel Prize in Literature 1901" . NobelPrize.org . Retrieved September 4, 2021 .
^ Byrne, James Patrick; Coleman, Philip; King, Jason Francis, eds. (2008).
Ireland and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History : a Multidisciplinary Encyclopedia . ABC-CLIO. p. 923.
ISBN
978-1-85109-614-5 .
^
মৌলভী সৈয়দ কুদরত উল্লাহ'র ১৮০ তম মৃত্যুবার্ষিকী আজ . MKantho (in Bengali). February 12, 2019. Archived from
the original on February 16, 2019. Retrieved January 10, 2022 .
^ Gardner, Alexander. "XII".
Memoirs Of Alexander Gardner - Colonel of Artillery in the Service of Maharaja Ranjit Singh . William Blackwood & Sons. p. 211.