Retinoic acid-induced protein 3 is a
protein that in humans is encoded by the GPRC5Agene.[5][6] This gene and its encoded mRNA was first identified as a phorbol ester-induced gene, and named Phorbol Ester Induced Gen 1 (PEIG-1);[7] two years later it was rediscovered as a retinoic acid-inducible gene, and named Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene 1 (RAIG1).[5] Its encoded protein was later named Retinoic acid-induced protein 3.
Function
This gene encodes a member of the type 3
G protein-coupled receptor family, characterized by the signature 7-transmembrane domain motif. The encoded protein may be involved in interaction between
retinoic acid and
G protein signalling pathways. Retinoic acid plays a critical role in development, cellular growth, and differentiation. This gene may play a role in embryonic development and epithelial cell differentiation.[6] Tryptamine and other indole related chemicals produced by gut microflora bind and activate the receptor.[8]
Post transcriptional regulation
GPRC5A is one of only a handful of genes known in the literature that are post-transcriptionally controlled by
miRNAs through their
5'UTR.[9]
Clinical significance
GPRC5A is dysregulated in many human cancers and in other diseases.[10]
^Cafferata EG, Gonzalez-Guerrico AM, Pivetta OH, Santa-Coloma TA (1996). "Identification by differential display of a mRNA specifically induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in T84 human colon carcinoma cells". Cell. Mol. Biol. (Noisy-le-grand). 42 (5): 797–804.
PMID8832110.
^Goldstein DR (2004). "Toll-like receptors and other links between innate and acquired alloimmunity". Current Opinion in Immunology. 16 (5): 538–544.
doi:
10.1016/j.coi.2004.08.001.
PMID15341996.
Cafferata EG, Gonzalez-Guerrico AM, Pivetta OH, Santa-Coloma TA (1996). "Identification by differential display of a mRNA specifically induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in T84 human colon carcinoma cells". Cell. Mol. Biol. (Noisy-le-grand). 42 (5): 797–804.
PMID8832110.
Bräuner-Osborne H, Krogsgaard-Larsen P (2000). "Sequence and expression pattern of a novel human orphan G-protein-coupled receptor, GPRC5B, a family C receptor with a short amino-terminal domain". Genomics. 65 (2): 121–8.
doi:
10.1006/geno.2000.6164.
PMID10783259.
Robbins MJ, Michalovich D, Hill J, Calver AR, Medhurst AD, Gloger I, Sims M, Middlemiss DN, Pangalos MN (2000). "Molecular cloning and characterization of two novel retinoic acid-inducible orphan G-protein-coupled receptors (GPRC5B and GPRC5C)". Genomics. 67 (1): 8–18.
doi:
10.1006/geno.2000.6226.
PMID10945465.
Tao Q, Cheng Y, Clifford J, Lotan R (2004). "Characterization of the murine orphan G-protein-coupled receptor gene Rai3 and its regulation by retinoic acid". Genomics. 83 (2): 270–80.
doi:
10.1016/S0888-7543(03)00237-4.
PMID14706456.
Hirano M, Zang L, Oka T, Ito Y, Shimada Y, Nishimura Y, Tanaka T (2006). "Novel reciprocal regulation of cAMP signaling and apoptosis by orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPRC5A gene expression". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 351 (1): 185–91.
doi:
10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.10.016.
PMID17055459.
Mori C, Valdivieso AG, Clauzure M, Massip-Copiz MM, Aguilar MA, Cafferata EG, Santa Coloma TA (2020). "Identification and characterization of human PEIG-1/GPRC5A as a 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and PKC-induced gene". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 687: 108375.
doi:
10.1016/j.abb.2020.108375.
PMID32339486.
S2CID216594760.
External links
"GPRC5 Receptors: RAIG1". IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Archived from
the original on 2015-02-03. Retrieved 2008-12-04.
