Ohio derives its name from the
Ohio River that forms its southern border, which, in turn, originated from the
Seneca word ohiːyo', meaning "good river", "great river", or "large creek". The state was home to several ancient indigenous civilizations, with humans present as early as 10,000 BCE. It arose from the lands west of the
Appalachian Mountains that were contested by various native tribes and European colonists from the 17th century through the
Northwest Indian Wars of the late 18th century. Ohio was partitioned from the
Northwest Territory, the first frontier of the new United States, becoming the 17th state admitted to the Union on March 1, 1803, and the first under the
Northwest Ordinance. It was the first post-colonial
free state admitted to the union and became one of the earliest and most influential industrial powerhouses during the 20th century. Although it has transitioned to a more
information- and
service-based economy in the 21st century, it remains an industrial state, ranking
seventh in GDP , with the third-largest manufacturing sector and second-largest automobile production.
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SS Edmund Fitzgerald in 1971
SS Edmund Fitzgerald was an American
Great Lakes freighter that sank in
Lake Superior during a storm on November 10, 1975, with the loss of the entire crew of 29 men. When launched on June 7, 1958, she was the largest ship on North America's
Great Lakes and remains the largest to have sunk there. She was located in deep water (
§ Wreck discovery below) on November 14, 1975, by a U.S. Navy aircraft detecting magnetic anomalies, and found soon afterwards to be in two large pieces.
For 17 years, Edmund Fitzgerald carried
taconite(a variety of
iron ore) from mines near
Duluth, Minnesota, to iron works in
Detroit, Michigan;
Toledo, Ohio; and other Great Lakes ports. As a workhorse, she set seasonal haul records six times, often breaking her own record. Captain Peter Pulcer was known for piping music day or night over the ship's intercom while passing through the
St. Clair and
Detroit rivers (between
Lake Huron and
Lake Erie), and entertaining spectators at the
Soo Locks (between Lakes Superior and Huron) with a running commentary about the ship. Her size, record-breaking performance, and "
DJ captain" endeared Edmund Fitzgerald to boat watchers.
Carrying a full cargo of ore pellets with Captain
Ernest M. McSorley in command, she embarked on her ill-fated voyage from
Superior, Wisconsin, near Duluth, on the afternoon of November 9, 1975. En route to a steel mill near Detroit, Edmund Fitzgerald joined a second taconite freighter,
SS Arthur M. Anderson. By the next day, the two ships were caught in a
severe storm on Lake Superior, with near-
hurricane-force winds and waves up to 35 feet (11 m) high. Shortly after 7:10 p.m., Edmund Fitzgerald suddenly sank in Canadian (Ontario) waters 530 feet (88 fathoms; 160 m) deep, about 17 miles (15 nautical miles; 27 kilometers) from
Whitefish Bay near the twin cities of
Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, and
Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario—a distance Edmund Fitzgerald could have covered in just over an hour at her top speed. (Full article...)
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Good article, an article that meets a core set of high editorial standards.
The economy of
Ohio nominally would be the 20th largest global economy behind
Turkey and ahead of
Switzerland according to The World Bank as of 2022. The state had a GDP of $822.67 billion in 2022, which is 3.23% of the
United States total, ranking 7th in the nation behind
Pennsylvania and ahead of
Georgia. In 2013, Ohio was ranked in the top ten states for best business climate by Site Selection magazine, based on a business-activity database. The state was edged out only by Texas and Nebraska for the 2013 Governor's Cup award from the magazine, based on business growth and economic development.
Ohio is commonly noted as the Nation's Industrial Capital, dating to its roots in the
Rust Belt and Ohio's present-day intelligence and scientific dominance. Ohio was one of four states in the U.S. to have areas make the Intelligent Community Forum's list of global Smart 21 Communities for 2014, with
Columbus, Ohio receiving the honors. Ohio has six of the top 146 public school national universities in the nation, according to U.S. News & World Report's 2020 rankings. The state was ranked No. 8 by the same magazine in 2008 for best high schools, while overall, in 2010 the state's schools were ranked No. 5 in the country by
Education Week. However, by 2016 the state's high school rankings had slipped to #11 according to U.S. News & World Report, and #22 overall in quality by Education Week in 2017. It was second only to
Texas in having the most U.S. cities in the top 30 best places for new college graduates, according to
BusinessWeek in 2010. The year ending July 2011 saw the state ranked fourth in the nation in job creation behind
Texas,
California, and
New York. By 2016 the state wasn't in the top 10 for job growth, but between 2017 and 2018 the state saw an increase in job creation of 44,600.
After California and Texas, Ohio is the third largest U.S. manufacturing state, with total output in 2017 approaching $108 billion. Home to more than 12,000 manufacturers, 12.6% of the Ohio work force is dedicated to manufacturing. (Full article...)
Starting out, the band independently released two albums, Twenty One Pilots (2009) and Regional at Best (2011), before being signed by record label
Fueled by Ramen in 2012. Their label debut Vessel (2013) became the second album in history on which every track received at least a gold certification, making Twenty One Pilots the first and only band to see every song on two albums earn gold or platinum awards. (Full article...)
Willkie was born in
Elwood, Indiana, in 1892; both his parents were lawyers, and he also became one. He
served in World War I but was not sent to France until the final days of the war, and saw no action. Willkie settled in
Akron, Ohio, where he was initially employed by
Firestone, but left for a law firm, becoming one of the leaders of the Akron Bar Association. Much of his work was representing
electric utilities, and in 1929 Willkie accepted a job in New York City as counsel for
Commonwealth & Southern Corporation (C&S), a utility holding company. He was rapidly promoted, and became corporate president in 1933. Roosevelt was sworn in as U.S. president soon after Willkie became head of C&S, and announced plans for a
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) that would supply power in competition with C&S. Between 1933 and 1939, Willkie fought against the TVA before Congress, in the courts, and before the public. He was ultimately unsuccessful, but sold C&S's property for a good price, and gained public esteem. (Full article...)
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