From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Chemical compound
Talsaclidine (WAL-2014 ) is a non-
selective
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
agonist which acts as a
full agonist at the
M1 subtype , and as a
partial agonist at the
M2 and
M3 subtypes .
[1]
[2]
[3] It was under development for the treatment of
Alzheimer's disease but showed only modest or poor
efficacy in
rhesus monkeys and
humans , respectively,
[3]
[4] perhaps due to an array of dose-limiting
side effects including increased
heart rate and
blood pressure , increased
salivation ,
urinary frequency and
burning upon urination , increased
lacrimation and
nasal secretion , abnormal
accommodation ,
heartburn ,
upset stomach as well as
cramps ,
nausea ,
vomiting and
diarrhea , excessive
sweating and
palpitations .
[5]
See also
References
^ Ensinger HA, Doods HN, Immel-Sehr AR, et al. (1993). "WAL 2014--a muscarinic agonist with preferential neuron-stimulating properties". Life Sciences . 52 (5–6): 473–80.
doi :
10.1016/0024-3205(93)90304-L .
PMID
8441328 .
^ Walland A, Burkard S, Hammer R, Tröger W (1997). "In vivo consequences of M1-receptor activation by talsaclidine". Life Sciences . 60 (13–14): 977–84.
doi :
10.1016/S0024-3205(97)00037-4 .
PMID
9121364 .
^
a
b Wienrich M, Meier D, Ensinger HA, et al. (April 2001). "Pharmacodynamic profile of the M1 agonist talsaclidine in animals and man". Life Sciences . 68 (22–23): 2593–600.
doi :
10.1016/S0024-3205(01)01057-8 .
PMID
11392631 .
^ Terry AV, Buccafusco JJ, Borsini F, Leusch A (July 2002). "Memory-related task performance by aged rhesus monkeys administered the muscarinic M(1)-preferring agonist, talsaclidine". Psychopharmacology . 162 (3): 292–300.
doi :
10.1007/s00213-002-1105-3 .
PMID
12122487 .
S2CID
23323985 .
^ Adamus WS, Leonard JP, Tröger W (1995). "Phase I clinical trials with WAL 2014, a new muscarinic agonist for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease". Life Sciences . 56 (11–12): 883–90.
doi :
10.1016/0024-3205(95)00024-Z .
PMID
10188789 .
mAChRs Tooltip Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
Agonists
Antagonists
3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate
4-DAMP
Aclidinium bromide (
+formoterol )
Abediterol
AF-DX 250
AF-DX 384
Ambutonium bromide
Anisodamine
Anisodine
Antihistamines (first-generation) (e.g.,
brompheniramine ,
buclizine ,
captodiame ,
chlorphenamine (chlorpheniramine) ,
cinnarizine ,
clemastine ,
cyproheptadine ,
dimenhydrinate ,
dimetindene ,
diphenhydramine ,
doxylamine ,
meclizine ,
mequitazine ,
perlapine ,
phenindamine ,
pheniramine ,
phenyltoloxamine ,
promethazine ,
propiomazine ,
triprolidine )
AQ-RA 741
Atropine
Atropine methonitrate
Atypical antipsychotics (e.g.,
clozapine ,
fluperlapine ,
olanzapine (
+fluoxetine ),
rilapine ,
quetiapine ,
tenilapine ,
zotepine )
Benactyzine
Benzatropine (benztropine)
Benzilone
Benzilylcholine mustard
Benzydamine
BIBN 99
Biperiden
Bornaprine
Camylofin
CAR-226,086
CAR-301,060
CAR-302,196
CAR-302,282
CAR-302,368
CAR-302,537
CAR-302,668
Caramiphen
Cimetropium bromide
Clidinium bromide
Cloperastine
CS-27349
Cyclobenzaprine
Cyclopentolate
Darifenacin
DAU-5884
Desfesoterodine
Dexetimide
DIBD
Dicycloverine (dicyclomine)
Dihexyverine
Difemerine
Diphemanil metilsulfate
Ditran
Drofenine
EA-3167
EA-3443
EA-3580
EA-3834
Emepronium bromide
Etanautine
Etybenzatropine (ethybenztropine)
Fenpiverinium
Fentonium bromide
Fesoterodine
Flavoxate
Glycopyrronium bromide (
+beclometasone/formoterol ,
+indacaterol ,
+neostigmine )
Hexahydrodifenidol
Hexahydrosiladifenidol
Hexbutinol
Hexocyclium
Himbacine
HL-031,120
Homatropine
Imidafenacin
Ipratropium bromide (
+salbutamol )
Isopropamide
J-104,129
Hyoscyamine
Mamba toxin 3
Mamba toxin 7
Mazaticol
Mebeverine
Meladrazine
Mepenzolate
Methantheline
Methoctramine
Methylatropine
Methylhomatropine
Methylscopolamine
Metixene
Muscarinic toxin 7
N-Ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate
N-Methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate
Nefopam
Octatropine methylbromide (anisotropine methylbromide)
Orphenadrine
Otenzepad (AF-DX 116)
Otilonium bromide
Oxapium iodide
Oxitropium bromide
Oxybutynin
Oxyphencyclimine
Oxyphenonium bromide
PBID
PD-102,807
PD-0298029
Penthienate
Pethidine
pFHHSiD
Phenglutarimide
Phenyltoloxamine
Pipenzolate bromide
Piperidolate
Pirenzepine
Piroheptine
Pizotifen
Poldine
Pridinol
Prifinium bromide
Procyclidine
Profenamine (ethopropazine)
Propantheline bromide
Propiverine
Quinidine
3-Quinuclidinyl thiochromane-4-carboxylate
Revefenacin
Rociverine
RU-47,213
SCH-57,790
SCH-72,788
SCH-217,443
Scopolamine (hyoscine)
Scopolamine butylbromide (hyoscine butylbromide)
Silahexacyclium
Sofpironium bromide
Solifenacin
SSRIs Tooltip Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (e.g.,
femoxetine ,
paroxetine )
Telenzepine
Terodiline
Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g.,
amoxapine ,
maprotiline ,
mianserin ,
mirtazapine )
Tiemonium iodide
Timepidium bromide
Tiotropium bromide
Tiquizium bromide
Tofenacin
Tolterodine
Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g.,
amitriptyline (
+perphenazine ),
amitriptylinoxide ,
butriptyline ,
cidoxepin ,
clomipramine ,
desipramine ,
desmethyldesipramine ,
dibenzepin ,
dosulepin (dothiepin) ,
doxepin ,
imipramine ,
lofepramine ,
nitroxazepine ,
northiaden (desmethyldosulepin) ,
nortriptyline ,
protriptyline ,
quinupramine ,
trimipramine )
Tridihexethyl
Trihexyphenidyl
Trimebutine
Tripitamine (tripitramine)
Tropacine
Tropatepine
Tropicamide
Trospium chloride
Typical antipsychotics (e.g.,
chlorpromazine ,
chlorprothixene ,
cyamemazine (cyamepromazine) ,
loxapine ,
mesoridazine ,
thioridazine )
Umeclidinium bromide (
+vilanterol )
WIN-2299
Xanomeline
Zamifenacin
Precursors (and
prodrugs )