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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Franco-Provençal (also known as Arpitan) pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

Consonants
  IPA   Examples English approximation
b bâs bow
ç [1] examples needed hue
d dinar doe
ð [2] examples needed then
f [2] fèna foe
ɡ gran go
ɡʲ [2] dz ghoral goods
dʒ jazz
ɟ ague
ʒ measure
h [1] [2] examples needed happy
k kilô sky
kʲ [2] c chalor skew
ʃ show
ts hats
tʃ change
l lârro low
ʎ lyata roughly like million
m mira mow
n nâs no
ɲ examples needed roughly like canyon
ŋ examples needed parking
p pâre spy
r [3] r curâ atom ( GA)
ʁ roughly like loch ( Scotland)
s [2] sôré so
t tanta stow
θ [2] examples needed thin
v [2] savuc vote
z [2] zérô zoo
Vowels
Oral Nasal
  IPA   Examples English approximation   IPA   Examples English approximation
a tina pasta ɑ̃ [4] chançon croissant ( GA) or coq au vin
ɑ pâta bra
e examples needed clay ɛ̃ vent length
ɛ libertá festival
i examples needed see ĩ examples needed ring
ə examples needed again œ̃ examples needed nasalized [ œ
œ examples needed roughly like shirt ( RP)
ø examples needed
o examples needed sole ( GA), sword ( RP) ɔ̃ [5] chançon croissant ( RP)
ɔ examples needed off
u examples needed zoo ũ examples needed nasalized [ u
y blu roughly like cute ỹ examples needed nasalized [ y
Semivowels
  IPA   Examples English approximation
j vreyer yet
w examples needed wet
ɥ examples needed simultaneous yet and wet
 
Other symbols
IPA Examples Explanation
ˈ examples needed primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable) [6]
. examples needed syllable break (placed between the syllables)

Notes

  1. ^ a b /h/ varies in realization: [ h, [ x and [ ç (the latter also a realization of other phonemes) all occur.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i There appears to be considerable variation among [dz], [dʒ], [ʒ], and [ɟ], as well as among [ts], [tʃ], [ʃ], and [c], as a result of the palatalization of /ɡ/ (or /d/) and /k/ (or /t/), respectively. Other possible realizations, which also occur separately, are [ ð, [ v, [ z for the voiced phoneme and [ θ, [ f, [ s, [ h for the voiceless one.
  3. ^ The most common pronunciations include [ ʁ, [ ʀ and [ χ, albeit in many regions as well as in Switzerland and Italy the older [ r is still very common.
  4. ^ Also realized as [ æ̃.
  5. ^ Also realized as [ ɒ̃.
  6. ^ Stress always falls on one of the final two syllables.

See also

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