This is the
pronunciation key for
IPA transcriptions of Danish on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Danish in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing
consensus on the
talk page first. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see
IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. |
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Danish pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
Transcriptions in articles are primarily based on the "distinct form" set out in Brink et al. (1991). Stress, stød, and vowel length are frequently lost in actual running speech.
See Danish phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of the language.
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Transcriptions of Danish in linguistic and lexicographic literature deviate from the standard IPA in many aspects to dispense with diacritics and to maintain resemblance to the Dania transcription, which was influential in the development of Danish linguistics and maintains resemblance to Danish orthography. The conventions of this guide, on the other hand, seek adherence to standard IPA usage as much as possible so that readers who are already familiar with the standard IPA do not have to look up or remember the value of each symbol in the Danish tradition.
Wiki- pedia |
Example |
Basbøll (2005) |
Den Danske Ordbog |
Grønnum (2005) |
Molbæk Hansen (1990) |
udtale- ordbog .dk |
Brink et al. (1991) |
Politikens Nudansk Ordbog |
Narrow tran- scription [5] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vowels | |||||||||
ɑ | takke, sejle | ɑ | ɑ | ɑ | α | a | α, α̇ [6] | α [6] | [ ɑ̈ |
kræft | a | æ | ɑ̈ | ä | |||||
ɑː | trane, arne | ɑː | ɑː | ɑː | αː | aː | α· [6] | α· [6] | [ ɑ̈ː |
ʌ | måtte | ʌ | ʌ | ʌ | ʌ | ɒ | ɔ | ɔ | [ ɒ̽ |
ɒ | vor | ɒ | ɒ | ɒ | ɔ | ɒ | å [7] | år [8] | [ ɒ̝ |
ɒː | tårne | ɒː | ɒː | ɒː | ɔː | ɒː | å· [7] | [ ɒ̝ː | |
æ | malle | a | a | a | a | æ | ɑ | a | [ æ |
række | æ | aɪ | ɑ̈ | ä | [ a | ||||
æː | græde | aː | aː | ɑː [9] | aː | æː | ɑ̈ð | ä· | [ æː |
e̝ | list | e | e | e | e | e | e | e | [ e̝ |
e̝ː | mele | eː | eː | eː | eː | eː | e· | e· | [ e̝ː |
e | læst | ɛ | ɛ | ɛ | ɛ | ɛ | æ | æ | [ e |
brist | æ | æ | [ e̞ | ||||||
eː | mæle, bære | ɛː | ɛː | ɛː, æː [9] | ɛː | ɛː, æː | æ· | æ· | [ eː |
grene, kræse | æː | æː | æ·, æᶖ [10] | [e̞ː~e̞j] | |||||
ɛ | bær | æ | æ | æ | æ | æ | ɑ̇ | ä | [ ɛ |
ɛː | male | æː | æː | æː | aː | æː | ɑ̇· | a· | [ ɛː |
i | mis | i | i | i | i | i | i | i | [ i |
iː | mile | iː | iː | iː | iː | iː | i· | i· | [ iː |
o | foto | o | o | o | o | o | o | o | [ o̝ |
oː | mole | oː | oː | oː | oː | oː | o· | o· | [ o̝ː |
ɔ | ost | ɔ | ɔ | ɔ | å | ɔ | ɑ̊ | å | [ ɔ̽ |
ɔː | måle | ɔː | ɔː | ɔː | åː | ɔː | ɑ̊· | å· | [ ɔ̽ː |
ø | kys | ø | ø | ø | ø | ø | ø | ø | [ ø |
øː | køle | øː | øː | øː | øː | øː | ø· | ø· | [ øː |
œ | høns, grynt | œ | œ | œ, œ̞ [9] | ö | œ | ö | ö | [ œ̝ |
œː | høne, røbe | œː | œː | œː, œ̞ː [9] | öː | œː | ö· | ö· | [ œ̝ː |
ɶ | gør | ɶ | ɶ | œ̞ | ɔ̈ | ɶ | ɔ̈ | ɔ̈ | [ œ |
grøn | ɶ | [ ɶ̝ | |||||||
ɶː | gøre | ɶː | ɶː | œ̞ː | ɔ̈ː | ɶː | ɔ̈· | ɔ̈· | [ œː |
u | guld, brusk | u | u | u, o [9] | u | u | u | u | [ u |
uː | mule, ruse | uː | uː | uː, oː [9] | uː | uː | u· | u· | [ uː |
y | lyt | y | y | y | y | y | y | y | [ y |
yː | kyle | yː | yː | yː | yː | yː | y· | y· | [ yː |
Unstressed-only | |||||||||
ɐ | fatter | ɐ | ʌ | ɐ | ʌ | ɐ | ɔ | ɔ | [ ɒ̽ |
ð̩ | måned | ð̩ | əð | ð̩ | əð | ɤ | ð̩ | əð | [ð̩˕˗ˠ] |
ə | hoppe | ə | ə | ə | ə | ə | ə | ə | [ ə |
l̩ | gammel | l̩ | əl | l̩ | əl | l̩ | l̩ | əl | [l̩] |
m̩ | hoppen | m̩ | ən | m̩ | ən | m̩ | m̩ | ən | [m̩] |
n̩ | hesten | n̩ | n̩ | n̩ | n̩ | [n̩] | |||
ŋ̍ | pakken | ŋ̩ | ŋ̩ | ŋ̩ | ŋ̩ | [ŋ̍] | |||
Consonants | |||||||||
ɐ̯ | smør | ɐ̯ | ɐ̯ | ɐ̯ | ʀ | ɐ | ɹ | r | [ɒ̯̽] |
ɕ | sjat | ɕ | ɕ | ɕ | ʃ | ɕ | ᶊ | sj | [ ɕ |
ð | mad | ð | ð | ð | ð | ɤ | ð | ð | [ ð̠˕ˠ |
f | fisk | f | f | f | f | f | f | f | [ f |
h | hus | h | h | h | h | h | h | h | [ h |
j | jul | j | j | j | j | j | j | j | [ j |
mig | ɪ̯ | ɪ | ᶖ [10] | ||||||
k | gås | ɡ̊ | ɡ | ɡ̊ | g | k | ɡ | g | [ k |
kʰ | kål | kʰ | k | kʰ | k | kʰ | k | k | [kʰ] |
l | lås | l | l | l | l | l | l | l | [ l |
m | mus | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | [ m |
n | ni | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | [ n |
ŋ | perron | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | [ ŋ |
p | bål | b̥ | b | b̥ | b | p | b | b | [ p |
pʰ | pille | pʰ | p | pʰ | p | pʰ | p | p | [pʰ] |
ʁ | rose | ʁ | ʁ | ʁ | r | ʁ | r | r | [ ʁ̞ |
s | sæl | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | [ s |
t | dåse | d̥ | d | d̥ | d | t | d | d | [ t |
tɕ | tjene | tˢj | tj | t͡ɕ | tj | tɕ | tj | tj | [ tɕ |
tsʰ | taske | tˢ | t | tˢ | t | ts | t | t | [ tsʰ |
v | vams | v | v | v | v | v | v | v | [ ʋ |
w | hav | ʊ̯ | w | w | w | ʊ | w | w | [ w |
Stød and stress | |||||||||
ˈtsʰiˀ | ti | ˈtˢiːˀ | ˈtiˀ | ˈtˢiːˀ | ˈtiːʼ | ˈtsḭː | ˈtiʼ | ˈtiʼ | [ˈtsʰḭˑ] |