Canary Wharf, one of our newest* featured pictures.
* ...And by "newest" we mean that it was promoted over a month before this article was published, but there's conventions for how you phrase things in these sorts of articles.
This Signpost "Featured content" report covers material promoted from 12 November through 11 December. Quotes are generally from the articles, but may be abridged or simplified for length.
As the title implies, besides the article of that name being promoted, Christmas things had kept your humble editor away from the Signpost for very nearly too long, so most of this article was finished the day of publication. Next month, hopefully, this will be done a lot sooner.
Moving on, there's a certain oddity with having someone who does image restoration write the featured content report: You might recognise two images from last month's featured content – the featured article "
French battleship Suffren", and the portrait of
Keke Rosberg from the featured article "
1982 Formula One World Championship" – have reappeared in the featured picture section this month.
Whilst this might lead to a certain repetitiveness of images, I can't quite bring myself to apologise.
That said, this month's report had a genuine challenge: Antisemitism is, obviously, wrong, but when the antisemitism is coming from Hitler, it can be important to understanding and contextualizing the Holocaust. As such, this issue features a lengthy quote by Hitler, and I hope that the section of the article quoted alongside it is enough to put it in its proper context. Comments below if you think there's anything we can do better, because I'm sure with the historians and scholars we have on Wikipedia, this won't be the first time the Signpost reports on such things.
In any case, I hope everyone had or will have had a wonderful holiday (whichever one you celebrate), and if you don't celebrate or don't have one in December, well, I hope you had a good month. 2021 approaches, and we can all hope that the vaccines coming through the pipeline bring an end as soon as possible to the pandemic that has made this year so awful. Until then, keep safe.
...Okay, enough of that: "Blank Space" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter
Taylor Swift for her fifth studio album 1989. The song was released to US radio stations as the second single from 1989 on November 10, 2014, by
Republic Records in partnership with Swift's label at the time,
Big Machine. Swift co-wrote "Blank Space" with its producers
Max Martin and
Shellback. For the lyrics, she conceived the song as a satirical self-referential nod to her reputation as a flirtatious woman with a series of romantic attachments, which blemished her once-wholesome
girl next door image. Musically, it is an
electropop song with minimal
hip hop-influenced beats.
Raymond Pace Alexander (October 13, 1897 – November 24, 1974) was a
civil rights leader, lawyer, politician, and the first
African American judge appointed to the
Pennsylvania Courts of Common Pleas. In 1920, he became the first black graduate of the
Wharton School of Business. After graduation from
Harvard Law School in 1923, Alexander became one of the leading civil rights attorneys in
Philadelphia. He represented black defendants in high-profile cases, including the
Trenton Six, a group of black men arrested for murder in
Trenton, New Jersey. Alexander also entered the political realm, unsuccessfully running for judge several times. He finally ran for, and won, a seat on the
Philadelphia City Councilin 1951. After two terms in City Council, Alexander was appointed as the first black judge to sit on the Court of Common Pleas, where he served until his death in 1974.
Sagitta is a dim but distinctive
constellation in the northern sky. Its name is
Latin for "arrow", and it should not be confused with the significantly larger constellation
Sagittarius, the archer. It was included among the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer
Ptolemy, and it remains one of the
88 modern constellations defined by the
International Astronomical Union. Although it dates to antiquity, Sagitta has no star brighter than 3rd
magnitude and has the third-smallest area of all constellations.
The Royal Artillery Memorial is a
First World War memorial located on
Hyde Park Corner in London, England. Designed by
Charles Sargeant Jagger, with architectural work by
Lionel Pearson, and unveiled in 1925, the memorial commemorates the 49,076 soldiers from the
Royal Artillery killed in the
First World War. The static nature of the conflict, particularly on the Western Front, meant that artillery played a major role in the war, though physical reminders of the fighting were often avoided in the years after the war. The Royal Artillery War Commemoration Fund (RAWCF) was formed in 1918 to preside over the regiment's commemorations, aware of some dissatisfaction with memorials to previous wars. The RAWCF approached several eminent architects but its insistence on a visual representation of artillery meant that none was able to produce a satisfactory design. Thus they approached Jagger, himself an ex-soldier who had been wounded in the war. Jagger produced a design which was accepted in 1922, though he modified it several times before construction. The memorial consists of a
Portland stonecruciform base supporting a one-third over-lifesize sculpture of a
howitzer (a type of artillery field gun), which Jagger based on a gun in the
Imperial War Museum. At the end of each arm of the cross is a sculpture of a soldier—an officer at the front (south side), a shell carrier on the east side, a driver on the west side, and at the rear (north) a dead soldier. The sides of the base are decorated with
relief sculptures depicting wartime scenes. The realism of the memorial, with the depiction of the howitzer and the dead soldier, differed significantly from other First World War memorials, notably the influential
Cenotaph, which used pure architectural forms and classical symbolism. The design was controversial when unveiled; some critics viewed the dead soldier as too graphic or felt that the howitzer did not lend itself to rendition in stone. Nonetheless, the memorial was popular with others, including ex-servicemen, and later came to be recognised as Jagger's masterpiece and one of Britain's finest war memorials.
HMS Pearl was a
fifth-rate, 32-gun British
Royal Navyfrigate of the
Niger-class.
Launched at
Chatham Dockyard in 1762, she served in
British North America until January 1773, when she sailed to
England for repairs. Returning to North America in March 1776, to fight in the
American Revolutionary War, Pearl escorted the
transports which landed troops in
Kip's Bay that September. Much of the following year was spent on the
Delaware River where she took part in the
Battle of Red Bank in October. Towards the end of 1777, Pearl joined
Vice-AdmiralRichard Howe's fleet in
Narragansett Bay and was still there when the French fleet arrived and began an attack on British positions. Both fleets were forced to retire due to bad weather and the action was inconclusive. Pearl was then despatched to keep an eye on the French fleet, which had been driven into
Boston. Pearl was part of the British fleet that captured the island of
St Lucia from the French in December 1778, and was chosen to carry news of the victory to England, capturing the 28-gun Spanish frigate Santa Monica off the
Azores on her return journey. She joined Vice-Admiral
Marriot Arbuthnot's squadron in July 1780, capturing the 28-gun French frigate Esperance while stationed off
Bermuda in September; the following March she took part in the
First Battle of Virginia Capes, where she had responsibility for relaying signals. Pearl returned to England in 1783, where she underwent extensive repairs and did not serve again until 1786, when she was
recommissioned for the Mediterranean.
Taken out of service in 1792, she was recalled in February 1793, when hostilities resumed between Britain and France. On her return to the American continent, she narrowly escaped capture by a French squadron anchored between the
Îles de Los and was forced to put into
Sierra Leone for repairs following the engagement. In 1799, Pearl joined Vice-Admiral
George Elphinstone's fleet in the Mediterranean where she took part in the
Battle of Alexandria in 1801. In 1802, she sailed to
Portsmouth where she served as a
storeship for sailors' clothes and then a
receiving ship. She was renamed Protheé in March 1825 and eventually sold in 1832.
Bluey is an
animated television series for
preschool children that premiered on
ABC Kids on 1 October 2018. The show follows Bluey, an
anthropomorphic six-year-old
Blue Heelerpuppy who is characterised by her abundance of energy, imagination and curiosity of the world. The young dog lives with her father, Bandit; mother, Chilli; and younger sister, Bingo, who regularly joins Bluey on adventures as the pair embark on imaginative play together. Other characters featured each represent a different
dog breed. Overarching themes include the focus on family, growing up and Australian culture. The program was created and produced in Queensland;
its capital city inspires the show's setting. The program won a
Logie Award for
Most Outstanding Children's Program in 2019 as well as an
International Emmy Kids Award. It has been praised by
television critics for depicting a modern everyday family life, constructive parenting messages and the role of Bandit as a positive father figure.
The Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) was part of the
United States Air Force (USAF)
human spaceflight program in the 1960s. The project was developed from early USAF concepts of crewed
space stations as
reconnaissance satellites, and was a successor to the canceled
Boeing X-20 Dyna-Soar military reconnaissance space plane. MOL evolved into a single-use laboratory, for which crews would be launched on 30-day missions, and return to Earth using a Gemini B spacecraft derived from
NASA's
Gemini spacecraft.
As the 1960s progressed, the MOL competed with the
Vietnam War for funds, and resultant budget cuts repeatedly caused postponement of the first operational flight. At the same time, automated systems rapidly improved, narrowing the benefits of a crewed space platform over an automated one. A single
uncrewed test flight of the Gemini B spacecraft was conducted on 3 November 1966, but the MOL was canceled in June 1969 without any crewed missions being flown.
Saturn was an American magazine published from 1957 to 1965. It was launched as a
science fiction magazine, but sales were weak, and after five issues the publisher, Robert C. Sproul, switched the magazine to
hardboiled detective fiction that emphasized sex and sadism. Sproul retitled the magazine Saturn Web Detective Story Magazine to support the change, and shortened the title to Web Detective Stories the following year. In 1962, the title was changed yet again, this time to Web Terror Stories, and the contents became mostly
weird menace tales—a genre in which apparently supernatural powers are revealed to have a logical explanation at the end of the story.
Donald A. Wollheim was the editor for the first five issues; he published material by several well-known authors, including
Robert A. Heinlein,
H. P. Lovecraft, and
Harlan Ellison, but was given a low budget and could not always find good-quality stories. It is not known who edited the magazine after the science fiction issues, but the themes of violence and sex continued to the end of the magazine's run, many stories featuring the torture of women. Sproul finally cancelled the title in 1965 after a total of 27 issues.
In 1940, Ljubljana ran aground on a reef off the
Yugoslav port of
Šibenik, where, badly damaged, she was taken for repairs. Yugoslavia entered
World War II when the
German-led
Axis powersinvaded in April 1941, and Ljubljana—still under repair—was captured by the
Royal Italian Navy. After repairs were completed, she saw active service in the Royal Italian Navy under the name Lubiana, mainly as a convoy escort on routes between Italy and
North Africa. She was lost on 1 April 1943, sources differing as to whether she was sunk by British aircraft, or
stranded off the
Tunisian coast and declared a total loss.
American logistics in the Normandy campaign played a key role in the success of
Operation Overlord, the
Allied invasion of northwest Europe during
World War II. The campaign officially commenced on
D-Day, 6 June 1944, and ended on 24 July, the day before the launch of
Operation Cobra. The
Services of Supply (SOS) was formed under the command of
Major GeneralJohn C. H. Lee in May 1942 to provide logistical support to the
European Theater of Operations, United States Army. From February 1944 on, the SOS was increasingly referred to as the
Communications Zone (COMZ). Between May 1942 and May 1944,
Operation Bolero, the buildup of American troops and supplies in the UK, proceeded fitfully and, by June 1944 1,526,965 US troops were in the UK, of whom 459,511 were part of the COMZ.
The Overlord plan called for the early capture of
Cherbourg, and a rapid American advance to secure the
Brittany ports and Quiberon Bay, which was to be
developed as a port. Crucially, the logistical plan called for a one-month pause at the
Seine River, which was expected to be reached 90 days after D-Day, before advancing further. The expectation of an advance at a prescribed rate, while necessary for planning purposes, built inflexibility into a logistics plan that already had little margin for error. Staff studies confirmed that Overlord could be supported if everything went according to plan. No one expected that it would.
The
First United States Army was supported over the
Omaha and
Utah Beaches, and through the
Mulberry artificial port at Omaha specially constructed for the purpose, but the American Mulberry was abandoned after it was damaged by a storm on 19–21 June. During the first seven weeks after D-Day, the advance was much slower than the Operation Overlord plan had anticipated, and the
lodgment area much smaller. The nature of the fighting in the Normandy
bocage country created shortages of certain items, particularly
artillery and
mortar ammunition, and there were unexpectedly high rates of loss of
bazookas,
Browning automatic rifles (BARs), and
M7 grenade launchers.
Although the hurricane did not impact any major landmasses, it passed very close to the unpopulated
Johnston Atoll as a strong Category 4 hurricane, where a hurricane warning was issued in advance of the storm. Four scientists there intended to ride out the storm on the island, but were evacuated before the storm hit. Walaka neared the far
Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, but weakened considerably as it did so.
East Island in the
French Frigate Shoals suffered a direct hit and was completely destroyed. The storm caused significant damage to the nesting grounds for multiple endangered species; coral reefs in the region suffered considerable damage, displacing the local fish population. Several dozen people had to be rescued off the southern shore of
Oahu as the storm brought high surf to the main Hawaiian Islands.
The son of a weaver, Vincent was educated at
Norwich Grammar School and afterwards apprenticed to Crome. He exhibited at the
Royal Academy,
British Institution, and elsewhere. From 1811 until 1831 he showed at the Norwich Society of Artists, exhibiting more than a 100 pictures of Norfolk landscapes and
marine works. By 1818 he had relocated to London, where in 1821 he married the supposedly wealthy daughter of a surgeon. There he obtained the
patronage of wealthy clients, yet struggled financially. The purchase of an expensive house, combined with a tendency towards drink, exacerbated his financial problems and led to his incarceration in the
Fleet Prison for debt in 1824. Before his release in 1827 he had resumed his connection with the Norwich Society of Artists, albeit with a much lower output of work.
After 1831, Vincent disappeared. He was never found, despite attempts by his family to locate him, and his whereabouts after this date remain uncertain. His death may have occurred before April 1832, perhaps in
Bath. His picture Greenwich Hospital from the River, which was shown in London three decades after his death, caused renewed interest in his paintings and helped to establish his reputation as a leading member of the Norwich School. The
art historian Herbert Minton Cundall wrote in the 1920s that had Vincent "not given way to intemperate habits he would probably have ranked amongst the foremost of British landscape painters".
During
a speech at the
Reichstag on 30 January 1939,
Adolf Hitler predicted "the annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe":
If international finance Jewry inside and outside Europe should succeed in plunging the nations once more into a
world war, the result will be not the
Bolshevization of the earth and thereby the victory of Jewry, but the annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe.
These words were similar to comments that Hitler had previously made to foreign politicians in private meetings after the
Kristallnacht pogrom in November 1938. The speech was made in the context of Nazi attempts to increase
Jewish emigration from Germany, before the outbreak of
World War II in
September 1939.
Allusions to Hitler's prophecy by Nazi leaders and in
Nazi propaganda were common from 30 January 1941, when Hitler mentioned it again in a speech. The prophecy took on new meaning with the
invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941 and the
German declaration of war against the United States that December, both of which facilitated an acceleration of the systematic mass murder of Jews. In late 1941, Nazi propagandist
Joseph Goebbels stated that the prophecy was being fulfilled while
justifying the
mass deportation of Jews from Germany. On 30 September 1942, Hitler referenced the prophecy in another speech, which was adapted into a November issue of Parole der Woche titled "They Will Stop Laughing!!!" Hitler continued to invoke the prophecy as the war went against Germany and referenced it in his
last will and testament. Frequently used by Nazi leaders when alluding to their systematic murder of Jews, the prophecy became a
leitmotif of the
Final Solution and is the best-known phrase from Hitler's speeches.
The prophecy is cited by historians as an example of Nazi belief in an international Jewish conspiracy that supposedly
started the war. Despite its vagueness—the prophecy does not explain how the "annihilation" will come about—it is also cited as evidence that
Germans were aware that Jews were being exterminated.
The Honan Chapel, formally Saint Finbarr's Collegiate Chapel or The Honan Hostel Chapel, is a small Catholic church built in the
Celtic-
Romanesque revival style on the grounds of
University College Cork, Ireland. Designed in 1914, the building was completed in 1916 and fully furnished by 1917. Its architecture and fittings are representative of the
Celtic Revival movement which evoked the
Insular style found in Ireland and Britain between the 7th and 12th centuries.
Its construction was initiated and supervised by the Dublin solicitor, John O'Connell, a leading member of the Celtic Revival and
Arts and Crafts movements. He was funded by Isabella Honan (1861–1913), the last member of a wealthy
Cork family, who made a significant donation towards the construction of the chapel. O'Connell oversaw both the architectural design and the commissioning of its exterior carvings and interior furnishings. He closely guided the architect James F. McMullen and the builders
John Sisk and Sons, and hired the craftsmen and artists involved in its artwork, many of whom incorporated elements of the
Art Nouveau style. In 1986, the sculptor
Imogen Stuart was commissioned to oversee the building and installation of a new altar and other carvings, furnishings and fittings.
The Honan Chapel is known for its interior which is designed and fitted in a traditional Irish style, but with an appreciation of contemporary trends in international art. Its furnishings include the mosaic flooring, altar plate, metalwork and enamels, liturgical textiles and sanctuary furnishings, and nineteen
stained glass windows; fifteen show Irish saints, the remainder show
Jesus,
Mary,
St. Joseph and
St. John. Eleven were designed and installed by
Harry Clarke, while the other eight were designed by
A. E. Child,
Catherine O'Brien and
Ethel Rhind of An Túr Gloine cooperative studio.
"Candy" is a song by American rapper
Foxy Brown featuring
Kelis, released by
Def Jam on August 21, 2001 as the third single from her third studio album Broken Silence (2001). A
dance-pop track, it was produced by
the Neptunes duo
Chad Hugo and
Pharrell Williams, who co-wrote the song alongside Brown and Juan Manuel Cordova. The song is about
cunnilingus. While this sexually explicit content marked a continuity with Brown's earlier material, it set "Candy" apart from the rest of Broken Silence, which tended toward more introspective subject matters. According to critics, the single has elements of
1980s music,
dance music, and
new wave music and a more
pop sound than Brown's previous albums.
"Candy" received a positive response upon release and in retrospective reviews. Music critics compared it to music by other artists, specifically
Lil' Kim, while scholars analyzed its representation of black female sexuality. In the US, the song appeared on
Billboard charts, reaching the top ten on the
Hot Rap Songs chart. "Candy" appeared on several
soundtracks in the early 2000s; it featured in the television series
Dark Angel and the films Friday After Next and The 40-Year-Old Virgin.
John Neal (August 25, 1793 – June 20, 1876) was an American writer, critic, editor, lecturer, and activist. Considered both eccentric and influential, he delivered speeches and published essays, novels, poems, and short stories between the 1810s and 1870s in the United States and Great Britain, championing
American literary nationalism and
regionalism in their earliest stages. Neal advanced the development of American art, fought for
women's rights, advocated the end of
slavery and racial prejudice, and helped establish the American
gymnastics movement.
The first author to use natural
diction and a pioneer of
colloquialism, John Neal is the first author to use "son-of-a-bitch" in a work of fiction. He attained his greatest literary achievements between 1817 and 1835, during which time he was the first American published in British literary journals, author of the first history of American literature, America's first art critic, and a forerunner of the
American Renaissance. As one of the first men to advocate women's rights in the US and the first American lecturer on the issue, for over fifty years he supported female writers and organizers, affirmed intellectual equality between men and women, fought
coverture laws against women's economic rights, and demanded
suffrage, equal pay, and better education for women. He was the first American to establish a public
gymnasium in the US and championed athletics to regulate violent tendencies with which he struggled throughout his life.
John Early (July 1, 1814 – May 23, 1873) was an Irish-American
Catholic priest and
Jesuit educator who was the president of the
College of the Holy Cross and
Georgetown University, as well as the founder and first president of
Loyola College in Maryland. Early became
president of the College of the Holy Cross in 1848, where he unsuccessfully petitioned the
state legislature to
charter the school. Four years later, he was charged with establishing Loyola College in Maryland, which was intended to educate the
lay students who attended
St. Mary's Seminary and College, which the
Sulpicians sought to keep as a
seminary only. While also serving as the first
pastor of
St. Ignatius Church, he oversaw the early years of Loyola College. In 1858, Early left to become
president of Georgetown University. During the
Civil War, instruction continued uninterrupted, despite intermittent occupation by the
Union Army and dwindling enrollment. Early then returned to Loyola College in 1866 as president for four years, where he resumed the annual conferral of degrees. In 1870, he once again became president of Georgetown University. He died suddenly in his third year of office.
1989 is the fifth studio album by American singer-songwriter
Taylor Swift, released on October 27, 2014, through
Big Machine Records. Inspired by 1980s
synth-pop to create a record that shifted her sound and image from country-oriented to mainstream pop, Swift enlisted
Max Martin as co-executive producer, and titled her fifth album after her birth year as a symbolic rebirth of her image and artistry. The album's synth-pop sound is characterized by heavy
synthesizers, programmed
drums, and processed backing vocals. Swift's songs were inspired primarily by her personal relationships, which had been a trademark of her songwriting. The songs on 1989 express lighthearted perspectives towards failed romance, departing from her previous antagonistic attitude. Contemporary critics praised Swift's songwriting for offering emotional engagement that they found uncommon in the mainstream pop scene. Meanwhile, the synth-pop production raised questions regarding Swift's authenticity as a lyricist. The album appeared on several publications' lists of the best albums of the 2010s and featured in Rolling Stone's 2020 revision of their
500 Greatest Albums of All Time. At the
58th Grammy Awards in 2016, 1989 won
Album of the Year and
Best Pop Vocal Album, making Swift the first female solo artist to win Album of the Year twice. And speaking of appearing twice, "Blank Space" - also a featured article that appeared in this issue - is one of the songs that appears on 1989.
Apollo 7 was launched on October 11, 1968, from
Cape Kennedy Air Force Station, Florida, and splashed down in the Atlantic Ocean eleven days later. Extensive testing of the CSM took place, and also the first live television broadcast from an American spacecraft. Despite tension between the crew and ground controllers, the mission was a complete technical success, giving NASA the confidence to send
Apollo 8 into orbit around the
Moon two months later. In part because of these tensions, none of the crew flew in space again, though Schirra had already announced he would retire from NASA after the flight. Apollo7 fulfilled Apollo1's mission of testing the CSM in
low Earth orbit, and was a significant step forward towards NASA's goal of landing astronauts on the Moon.
A platoon of 30 French peacekeepers led by then-Captain
François Lecointre re-captured the bridge with the support of 70 French infantrymen and direct fire from armoured vehicles. During the French assault, elements of the
Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBiH) opened fire on the VRS-held observation posts on their own initiative, accidentally wounding one French hostage. Two French soldiers were killed during the battle, 10 were wounded, and one died of their wounds later that day. The VRS casualties were four killed, three wounded and four captured. Following the battle, VRS forces were observed to be less likely to engage French UN peacekeepers deployed in the city. In 2017, Lecointre, now an
army general, was appointed
French Chief of the Defence Staff.
Emma Louisa Turner (9 June 1867 – 13 August 1940) was an English
ornithologist and pioneering bird
photographer. Due to family responsibilities, she did not take up photography until she was aged 34, after meeting the wildlife photographer
Richard Kearton. She joined the
Royal Photographic Society (RPS) in 1901, and by 1904 she had started to give talks illustrated with her own
photographic slides; by 1908, when aged 41, she was established as a professional lecturer.
Turner spent part of each year in
Norfolk, and her 1911 image of a nestling
bittern in Norfolk was the first evidence of the species' return to the United Kingdom as a breeding bird after its
local extinction in the late 1800s. She also travelled widely in the United Kingdom and abroad photographing birds.
She wrote eight books and many journal and magazine articles, and her picture of a
great crested grebe led to her being awarded the Gold Medal of the RPS. She was one of the first women to be elected to fellowship of the
Linnaean Society and the first female honorary member of the
British Ornithologists' Union. Though not a graduate, she was also an honorary member of the
British Federation of University Women.
One
featured topic was promoted this period, due to the percentage of featured articles within it increasing to the required number. It was originally promoted as a Good Topic through a nomination by
Peacemaker67 in 2017.
Herpestidae is a
family of
mammals in the
orderCarnivora, composed of the mongooses and the
meerkat. A member of this family is called a mongoose or a herpestid. They are widespread primarily throughout Africa and south Asia, and are found primarily in forests, savannas, shrublands, and grasslands, though some species can be found in wetlands or deserts. Most mongooses are 30–60 cm (12–24 in) long, plus a 20–40 cm (8–16 in) tail, though the
Ethiopian dwarf mongoose can be as small as 18 cm (7 in) plus a 12 cm (5 in) tail, and the
white-tailed mongoose can be up to 104 cm (41 in) plus a 47 cm (14 in) tail. Most species do not have population estimates, though one, the
Liberian mongoose, is classified as
vulnerable with a population size of around 5,000. No herpestid species have been domesticated.
The 34 species of Herpestidae are split into 14
genera within 2
subfamilies: Herpestinae, comprising 23
extant species that are native to southern Europe, Africa and Asia, and Mungotinae, comprising 11 extant species native to Africa. Extinct species have also been placed into both subfamiles, though some older extinct species have not been categorized into a subfamily. Around ten extinct Herpestidae species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed. Herpestidae is believed to have diverged from the existing
Feliformia suborder around 21.8 million years ago in the
Early Miocene.
The Louis Schwitzer Award (also called the Louis H. Schwitzer Award for Engineering Innovation and Excellence) is presented by the
Indiana Section of
SAE International to an engineer or team of engineers "for their innovative design and engineering excellence" and acknowledges "engineers with the courage and conviction to explore and develop new concepts in racing technology" in racing vehicles for the
Indianapolis 500. The accolade also distinguishes engineers who were most responsible for designing and developing the wnning concept complying to
IndyCar Series technical regulations, and awards "functional and recent permutations" that improve energy efficiency, performance or safety in chassis, drive train profiles by "emphasizing competitive potential along with future automotive industry possibilities." Although the award specifically recognizes new concepts, experimental ideas arising from previous winners are considered if the development in engineering improves it.
During the 53 years the award has been presented, there have been a total of 98 recipients. The inaugural winner was
Andy Granatelli, who developed the
gas-turbine run
STP-Paxton Turbocar for the 1967 event. The award has been presented for two concepts in a single year just once: in
1977, to Bob Bubenik and Bruce Crower for developing the
automatic clutch and
flat-eight engine, respectively. Two years later,
John Barnard and
Jim Hill were the first team to be recognized for designing the
Chaparal 2K chassis for that year's
Indianapolis 500. Since then, another 24 teams have been recognized.
Firestone tire engineer Cara Adams became the first female recipient in the
2019 edition. The award has been presented posthumously once, to Don Burgoon in the
2017 race. The
2020 winners were Tino Belli, Marco Bertolini, Ed Collings, Craig McCarthy, Antonio Montanari, Bill Pappas, Stefan Seidel and Brent Wright, who developed the IndyCar Aeroscreen cockpit protection device.
From 1944 until 1957, Billboard magazine published a
chart that ranked the most-played
country music songs in
jukeboxes in the United States, based on a survey of over 3000 operators "in all sections of the country"; until 1948 it was the magazine's only country music chart. In 1947, nine songs topped the chart, which was published under the title Most Played Juke Box Folk Records with the exception of the issues of Billboard dated September 6 through November 1, when it was titled Most Played Juke Box Hillbilly Records. The Juke Box Folk chart is considered the start of the
lineage of the magazine's current country music songs charts. The longest unbroken run at number one in 1947 was the fifteen consecutive weeks achieved by
Tex Williams with "
Smoke! Smoke! Smoke! (That Cigarette)", which was atop the chart from July until October. This was the first chart-topper for Williams in his own right, although he had been the uncredited vocalist on
Western swing bandleader
Spade Cooley's 1945 number one "
Shame on You".
Ryan Reynolds is a Canadian actor who has appeared in films, television series, videos, and video games. Reynolds made his acting debut on television in the teen drama Fifteen in 1991. Two years later, he made his feature film debut by playing an orphan raised in India, who is inspired by
Mahatma Gandhi to go on a hunger strike in a small town in Canada in Ordinary Magic (1993). Reynolds had a recurring role on the television show The Odyssey (1993). He followed this with minor appearances on The X-Files (1996), and the television film Sabrina the Teenage Witch (1996). His breakthrough role was as medical student Michael "Berg" Bergen in the sitcom Two Guys and a Girl. He played a slacker in National Lampoon's Van Wilder (2002), and vampire hunter
Hannibal King in Blade: Trinity (2004) with
Wesley Snipes. Reynolds appeared in lead roles in the commercially successful romantic comedies Just Friends (2005), Definitely, Maybe (2008), and The Proposal (2009). In 2010, he played a military contractor who is captured by terrorists in the psychological thriller Buried. The following year, Reynolds starred in the title role of the superhero film Green Lantern which received a generally negative reception from the critics and performed poorly at the box office leading to a decline in his career. Reynolds experienced a career turnaround when he played the titular antihero in the superhero film Deadpool (2016), which he also produced. It received generally positive reviews from the critics especially for his irreverent comedic performance, and Reynolds garnered a nomination for the
Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy. The film was also a commercial success, grossing a worldwide total of over $782 million at the box-office. He reprised the role in its 2018 sequel Deadpool 2 which received generally positive reviews from critics, and was a commercial success. The following year, he voiced
Pikachu in the film Detective Pikachu (2019).
He has scored eight
international hat-tricks. On 10 June 1996, he scored his first international
hat-tricks, in an 8–0 win over
Nepal at
Azadi Stadium in Tehran. On 17 November 2004, he scored the last one against
Laos in a
2006 FIFA World Cup Qualification match, giving him 102 goals and making him the first male player to score 100 goals in international football.
He scored 36 goals in
FIFA World Cup qualification matches, 23 goals in
AFC Asian Cup qualification games and 9 goals in
Asian Games, as well as 14 goals in
AFC Asian Cup Finals. The remainder of his goals, 27, were scored in friendly matches. He scored eight goals two opposition teams, the
Maldives and Laos, his highest tally against any country. He scored 44 international goals at the Azadi Stadium, his most at a single ground.
Burnley Football Club, an English
association football club based in
Burnley,
Lancashire, was founded on 18 May 1882 as Burnley Rovers. The suffix "Rovers" was soon dropped, and the club was simply known as "Burnley Football Club" at the time of its first match on 10 August 1882. For the first six years of its existence, there was no
league football, so matches were arranged on an
ad hoc basis, supplemented by
cup competitions organised at local and national level. The club won its first trophy in 1883: the Dr Dean Cup, a knockout competition between amateur clubs in the local area. Burnley turned professional at the end of 1883, first entered the
FA Cup in the
1885–86 season, and were one of the 12 founding members of the
Football League in
1888. The team have played in the top four tiers of English football from 1888 to the present day.
In 1948, Billboard magazine published two
charts specifically covering the top-performing
country music songs in the United States. At the start of the year, Billboard's sole ranking of country music recordings was based on the number of times a song had been played in
jukeboxes. The Most Played Juke Box Folk Records chart had been published since 1944 and was compiled based on a weekly survey of "a selected group of juke box operators whose locations require folk records". In May, the magazine added a second country music chart, the Best Selling Folk Retail Records listing, based on a similar survey of "a selected group of retail stores, the majority of whose customers purchase folk records". The Juke Box Folk chart was discontinued in 1957 and the Best Sellers chart the following year; both are considered part of the
lineage of the magazine's current country music songs charts.
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The image text for the first picture (directly under the header) currently states Merry Christmas! Asartea Talk Contribs! 07:36, 28 December 2020 (UTC) reply
. While I'm not certain what it is mind to say I'm guessing something is missing here