From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Category of film award
The Academy Award for Best Director (officially known as the Academy Award of Merit for Directing ) is an award presented annually by the
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). It is given in honor of a
film director who has exhibited outstanding directing while working in the
film industry .
The
1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with the award being split into "Dramatic" and "Comedy" categories;
Frank Borzage and
Lewis Milestone won for
7th Heaven and
Two Arabian Knights , respectively.
[1] However, these categories were merged for all subsequent ceremonies.
[2] Nominees are determined by
single transferable vote within the directors branch of AMPAS; winners are selected by a
plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the academy.
[3]
[4]
[5]
For the first eleven years of the Academy Awards, directors were allowed to be nominated for multiple films in the same year. However, after the nomination of
Michael Curtiz for two films,
Angels with Dirty Faces and
Four Daughters , at the
11th Academy Awards , the rules were revised so that an individual could only be nominated for one film at each ceremony.
[6] That rule has since been amended, although the only director who has received multiple nominations in the same year was
Steven Soderbergh for
Erin Brockovich and
Traffic in 2000, winning the award for the latter. The Academy Awards for Best Director and
Best Picture have been very closely linked throughout their history. Of the 89 films that won Best Picture and were also nominated for Best Director, 68 won the award.
[7]
[8]
Since its inception, the award has been given to 75 directors or directing teams. As of the
96th Academy Awards ceremony, British-American filmmaker
Christopher Nolan is the most recent winner in this category for his work on
Oppenheimer .
Winners and nominees
In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of film release in
Los Angeles County ,
California ; the ceremonies are always held the following year.
[9] For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31.
[10] For the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1, 1932, to December 31, 1933.
[10] Since the
7th ceremony held in 1935, the period of eligibility became the full previous calendar year from January 1 to December 31.
[10]
Frank Borzage won twice: "Dramatic director" at the
first ceremony , for
7th Heaven (1927); & later,
Bad Girl (1931).
Lewis Milestone won twice: "Comedy director" at the
first ceremony , for
Two Arabian Knights (1927); & later,
All Quiet on the Western Front (1930).
Frank Lloyd won twice, for
The Divine Lady (1929) &
Cavalcade (1933).
Frank Capra won thrice, for
It Happened One Night (1934),
Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936), &
You Can't Take It with You (1938).
John Ford won
a record four times , for:
The Informer (1935),
The Grapes of Wrath (1940),
How Green Was My Valley (1941), &
The Quiet Man (1952).
Leo McCarey won twice, for
The Awful Truth (1937) &
Going My Way (1944).
Victor Fleming won for
Gone with the Wind (1939).
William Wyler , with
a record twelve nominations , won thrice, for:
Mrs. Miniver (1942),
The Best Years of Our Lives (1946), &
Ben-Hur (1959).
Michael Curtiz won for
Casablanca (1942).
Billy Wilder (right , with
Gloria Swanson ) won twice, for
The Lost Weekend (1945) &
The Apartment (1960).
Elia Kazan won twice, for
Gentleman's Agreement (1947) &
On the Waterfront (1954).
John Huston won for
The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (1948).
Joseph L. Mankiewicz won twice consecutively, for
A Letter to Three Wives (1949) &
All About Eve (1950).
George Stevens won twice, for
A Place in the Sun (1951) &
Giant (1956).
Fred Zinnemann won twice, for
From Here to Eternity (1953) &
A Man for All Seasons (1966).
David Lean won twice, for
The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957) &
Lawrence of Arabia (1962).
Vincente Minnelli won for
Gigi (1958).
Robert Wise won twice: jointly with
Jerome Robbins (
an Oscars first ) for
West Side Story (1961) & solo for
The Sound of Music (1965).
George Cukor won for
My Fair Lady (1964).
Mike Nichols won for
The Graduate (1967).
Carol Reed won for
Oliver! (1968).
Franklin J. Schaffner won for Patton (1970).
William Friedkin won for
The French Connection (1971).
Bob Fosse won for
Cabaret (1972).
Francis Ford Coppola won for
The Godfather Part II (1974).
Miloš Forman won twice, for
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975) &
Amadeus (1984).
Woody Allen won for
Annie Hall (1977).
Robert Redford won for
Ordinary People (1980).
Warren Beatty won for
Reds (1981).
Richard Attenborough won for
Gandhi (1982).
Sydney Pollack won for
Out of Africa (1985).
Oliver Stone won twice, for
Platoon (1986) &
Born on the Fourth of July (1989).
Bernardo Bertolucci won for
The Last Emperor (1987).
Barry Levinson won for
Rain Man (1988).
Kevin Costner won for
Dances with Wolves (1990).
Jonathan Demme won for
The Silence of the Lambs (1991).
Clint Eastwood won twice, for
Unforgiven (1992) &
Million Dollar Baby (2004)—latter, at 74, rendered him
the oldest winner .
Steven Spielberg won twice, for
Schindler's List (1993) &
Saving Private Ryan (1998).
Robert Zemeckis won for
Forrest Gump (1994).
Mel Gibson won for
Braveheart (1995).
James Cameron won for
Titanic (1997).
Sam Mendes won for
American Beauty (1999).
Steven Soderbergh won for
Traffic (2000).
Ron Howard won for
A Beautiful Mind (2001).
Roman Polanski won for
The Pianist (2002).
Peter Jackson won for
The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003).
Ang Lee won twice, for
Brokeback Mountain (2005) &
Life of Pi (2012); first
Asian winner .
Martin Scorsese won for
The Departed (2006).
The
Coen brothers won for
No Country for Old Men (2007).
Danny Boyle won for
Slumdog Millionaire (2008).
Kathryn Bigelow won for
The Hurt Locker (2009);
first woman to win .
Alfonso Cuarón won twice, for
Gravity (2013) &
Roma (2018); first
Mexican winner .
Alejandro G. Iñárritu won twice consecutively, for
Birdman (2014) &
The Revenant (2015).
Damien Chazelle won for
La La Land (2016);
youngest winner , at age 32.
Guillermo del Toro won for
The Shape of Water (2017).
Bong Joon-ho won for
Parasite (2019); first to direct a
foreign-language (Korean) winner for Best Picture .
Chloé Zhao won for
Nomadland (2020); first
woman of color to win.
Jane Campion won for
The Power of the Dog (2021); first woman
to be nominated twice .
The
Daniels won for
Everything Everywhere All at Once (2022).
Table key
Indicates the winner
1920s
1930s
1940s
1950s
1960s
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
2020s
Multiple wins and nominations
Multiple wins
Three or more nominations
Age superlatives
Records
John Ford has received the most awards in this category, with four.
Frank Capra and
William Wyler won three each.
William Wyler has the most nominations, with 12, including a record four years in a row.
Martin Scorsese is currently second, with 10.
Clarence Brown received the most nominations without a win (6).
Alfred Hitchcock and
King Vidor each received five nominations without a win.
Damien Chazelle is the youngest winner, at the age of 32 for
La La Land .
John Singleton is the youngest (and first Black) nominee, at age 24 for
Boyz n the Hood .
Four directing teams have been nominated together (a total of five times):
Robert Wise and
Jerome Robbins for
West Side Story (1961),
Warren Beatty and
Buck Henry for
Heaven Can Wait (1978),
Joel and Ethan Coen for
No Country for Old Men (2007) and
True Grit (2010), and
Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert for
Everything Everywhere All at Once (2022). Of these, Wise and Robbins, the Coens (2007), and Kwan and Scheinert won the award.
Six directors won the award for their feature film debut:
Delbert Mann for
Marty (1955),
Jerome Robbins for
West Side Story (1961),
Robert Redford for
Ordinary People (1980),
James L. Brooks for
Terms of Endearment (1983),
Kevin Costner for
Dances with Wolves (1990), and
Sam Mendes for
American Beauty (1999).
Only one director won for his only career directing credit: Jerome Robbins for
West Side Story .
Four directors have twice won for films that did not win
Best Picture :
Frank Borzage ,
George Stevens ,
Ang Lee , and
Alfonso Cuarón ;
John Ford did so three times.
The Coen Brothers are the only siblings to have won the award.
[111]
Lina Wertmüller was the first woman nominated in the category, for
Seven Beauties (1976).
Kathryn Bigelow became the first woman to win the award, for
The Hurt Locker (2009).
Francis Ford Coppola is the only director to be nominated for each film of a trilogy,
The Godfather trilogy , winning for the
second film .
John Ford (1940–1941),
Joseph L. Mankiewicz (1949–1950), and
Alejandro González Iñárritu (2014–2015) are the only directors to have won the award in two consecutive years.
Ang Lee was the first Asian director to win the award, for
Brokeback Mountain . He won again for
Life of Pi (2012).
Alfonso Cuarón was the first Mexican (and Latin American) director to win the award, for
Gravity . He won again for
Roma (2018).
Chloé Zhao was the first woman of color to win the award, for
Nomadland (2020/21).
Notes
^
The Circus originally received a nomination for Best Director (Comedy Picture), as well as nominations for Best Actor and Best Writing (Original Story), all for
Charles Chaplin . However, the
Academy subsequently decided to remove Chaplin's name from the competitive award categories and instead to confer upon him a
Special Award "for acting, writing, directing and producing The Circus ".
^
a
b
c The 2nd Academy Awards is unique in being the only occasion where there were no official nominees. Subsequent research by AMPAS has resulted in a list of unofficial or de facto nominees, based on records of which films were evaluated by the judges. Also worth noting that while Frank Lloyd won for The Divine Lady , the other two films are noted as a combined yet unofficial nomination rather than two separate nods.
^
a
b According to the Oscars.org database, Brown's directing nomination counts as one singular, joint, cumulative nomination for two films. This same recognition was applicable to all nominees, such as to
Greta Garbo 's acting nominations from the same respective films; as well as acting winners,
Norma Shearer and
George Arliss . No explanation was given for why the latter two were nominated with two films, yet only awarded for one each.
^
a
b Michael Curtiz was not on the original ballot of nominees. However, after the year prior with
Bette Davis 's omission for
Of Human Bondage , the resulting furor led to a write-in campaign determined to secure her a nomination. Thus, the Academy relaxed their rules and allowed her performance to be amongst the competition. They permitted this once more, prompting further submissions: Curtiz;
Paul Muni for
Black Fury ; and several other categories, including
Hal Mohr for
A Midsummer Night's Dream . Ultimately, Mohr became the only person to win an Oscar as a result of this process. The Academy discontinued this option from the next ceremony forward to prevent any recurrence.
^ The eligibility period for the 93rd ceremony was extended through to February 28, 2021, due to the impact of the
COVID-19 pandemic .
^
a
b Wise earned two individual nominations (resulting in one win); and one joint nomination with
Jerome Robbins , which also resulted in the pair of them winning.
^ While the
Coen Brothers , as a directing duo, earned two nominations, their work on
Fargo was credited as being split apart: Ethan was given
sole producer credit , while Joel was listed as the sole director. Ergo, Joel has one additional directing nomination combined with his work as part of their dual efforts.
See also
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Bibliography
External links
Combined major Academy Awards Acting Directing Film Countries of the nominees Nominees demographics Other Combined major awards
1927–1950 1951–1975 1976–2000 2001–present