Russia launches a wave of
cruise missiles and
drone attacks at
Kyiv. Ukraine claims to have intercepted all missiles and drones, although debris did cause some damage to infrastructure.
(Reuters)
The Polish architect Władysław Horodecki originally constructed the House with Chimaeras for use as his own upmarket apartment building during 1901–02. However, as the years went by, Horodecki eventually had to sell the building due to financial troubles, after which it changed ownership numerous times before finally being occupied by an official
Communist Partypolyclinic until the early 2000s. When the building was vacated, its interior and exterior decor were fully reconstructed and restored according to Horodecki's original plans. (Full article...)
The UEFA Euro 2012 Final was the final match of
Euro 2012, the fourteenth edition of the
European Football Championship,
UEFA's competition for national
football teams. The match was played at the
Olympic Stadium,
Kyiv, Ukraine, on 1 July 2012, and was contested by
Spain and
Italy. The sixteen-team tournament began with a group stage, from which eight teams qualified for
the knockout phase. En route to the final, Spain finished top of
Group C, with a draw against Italy and wins over
Croatia and the
Republic of Ireland. Spain then defeated
France in the quarter-finals before beating
Portugal in the semi-final after a
penalty shoot-out. Italy were second in Group C, with draws against Spain and Croatia, and a victory over the Republic of Ireland. In the knockout rounds, Italy defeated
England after a penalty shoot-out, then
Germany in the semi-final.
The final took place in front of 63,170 supporters and was
refereed by
Pedro Proença from Portugal. Spain took the lead in the 14th minute, when
Andrés Iniesta played a through-ball to
Cesc Fàbregas, who ran past
Giorgio Chiellini to the
by-line before pulling back a
cross for
David Silva to head in from close range. Italy responded with shots from
Antonio Cassano that were saved by Spain's goalkeeper
Iker Casillas but Spain doubled their lead before half-time, when
Xavi passed to
Jordi Alba, who capped a long forward run with a shot past
Gianluigi Buffon in the Italy goal.
Fernando Torres replaced Fàbregas with 15 minutes left to play, and scored in the 84th minute – assisted by Xavi – to become the first man to score in two European Championship finals. Torres then passed the ball back with the outside of his boot for
Juan Mata to sweep into an empty net for a final score of 4–0. Spain's Iniesta was named as UEFA's
man of the match. (Full article...)
The Vorontsov Palace: the northern entrance façade. The stone was mined locally as part of a conscious effort to blend the building with its mountainous surroundings. The Vorontsov Palace (
Ukrainian: Воронцовський палац; Russian: Воронцо́вский дворе́ц) or the Alupka Palace is a historic palace situated at the foot of the
Crimean Mountains near the town of
Alupka in
Crimea. The Vorontsov Palace is one of the oldest and largest palaces in Crimea, and is one of the most popular tourist attractions on Crimea's southern coast.
The palace was built between 1828 and 1848 for the Russian Prince
Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov for use as his personal summer residence at a cost of 9 million
roubles. It was designed in a loose interpretation of the
English Renaissance revival style by English architect
Edward Blore and his assistant William Hunt. The building is a hybrid of several architectural styles, but faithful to none. Among those styles are elements of
Scottish Baronial,
Indo-Saracenic Revival Architecture, and
Gothic Revival architecture. Blore had designed many buildings in the United Kingdom, and was later particularly well known there for completing the design of
Buckingham Palace in London. (Full article...)
Born in
Boyarka in the old
Russian Empire, into "an old Ukrainian
Cossack family which was part of the intellectual elite in pre-revolutionary Russia", Kistiakowsky fled his homeland during the
Russian Civil War. He made his way to Germany, where he earned his
PhD in physical chemistry under the supervision of
Max Bodenstein at the
University of Berlin. He emigrated to the United States in 1926, where he joined the faculty of
Harvard University in 1930, and became a citizen in 1933. (Full article...)
Image 7
Entrance to the cave
Verteba Cave (
Ukrainian: Печера Вертеба,
romanized: Pechera Verteba) is a
karstic cave near the village of
Bilche-Zolote,
Chortkiv Raion,
Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine. It sits near the
Seret river, on a high plateau known as the
Podolian Upland, and is one of several such
caves in the region formed in
gypsum. Verteba is the only cave in this cluster to show signs of
prehistoric occupation. In
Copper Age Europe, the cave was inhabited periodically by the
Cucuteni–Trypillia culture. Thousands of
artefacts, including
ceramic vessels, clay figurines, bones, and tools, have been found inside. Human remains—which mainly consist of disembodied skulls—have been found bearing injuries consistent with having been intentionally killed.
Between October 1942 and April 1943, 28 Jews from Bilche-Zolote and
Korolivka hid in the cave to escape the
Holocaust. When the
Gestapo stormed the cave, the group was forced to relocate to
Priest's Grotto; most survived the war, having hidden underground for nearly two years. Their ordeal was the subject of a 2007 book, The Secret of Priest's Grotto: A Holocaust Survival Story; and a 2012 documentary, No Place on Earth. (Full article...)
Image 8
Left to right, top to bottom: Memorial to the deportation in
Eupatoria; candle-lighting ceremony in
Kyiv; memorial rally in
Taras Shevchenko Park; cattlecar similar to the type used in the deportation; maps comparing the demographics of
Crimea in 1939 and 2001.
Officially, the Soviet government presented the deportation as a policy of
collective punishment, based on its claim that some Crimean Tatars collaborated with
Nazi Germany, but several modern scholars believe that the Soviet government carried out the deportation as a part of its
plan to gain access to the
Dardanelles and acquire territory in
Turkey, where the Turkic ethnic kin of the Tatars lived, or remove minorities from the Soviet Union's border regions. This was despite the fact that twice as many Crimean Tatars served in the Red Army, 40,000, than had collaborated with the Axis powers, 20,000. Nearly 8,000 Crimean Tatars died during the deportation, and tens of thousands of other Crimean Tatars subsequently perished due to the harsh living conditions which they were forced to live under during their exile. The deportation of the Crimean Tatars resulted in the abandonment of 80,000 houses and it also resulted in the abandonment of 360,000 acres of land. (Full article...)
Kateryna Mykolayivna Skarzhynska née von Reiser (
Ukrainian: Катерина Миколаївна Скаржинська, 7 February 1852
O.S./19 February 1852 (N.S.) – 1932) was a
Ukrainian noblewoman, philanthropist, and collector of folklore. She established the first private museum in Ukraine to house her collection of artifacts and was particularly known for her collection of
pysanky, Easter eggs decorated with Ukrainian folk art. Born in
Lubny to the von Reiser family, which had a long history of military service to the
Russian Tsars, she was educated at home, studying in her parents' library and with select tutors. After her father died in 1859, together with her mother, brother, and maternal grandmother she moved to the Lodygyn/Lodigine family estates in the
Tver province of the Russian Empire, near Moscow. There at the age of 14, von Reiser established a school for the former serfs of the estate and a public hospital.
In 1869, von Reiser became acquainted with
Nikolai Georgievich Skarzhynsky, a Ukrainian nobleman and soldier. Through his circle of friends, she decided to continue her education and passed her
gymnasium studies, entering the
Bestuzhev Courses. They married in 1874 and later would have five children together. Five years later, he was transferred from St. Petersburg back to Ukraine. Though she did not finish her studies, Skarzhynska had developed an interest in culture and moving back to her father's estate, Kruglik, inspired her to begin collecting folk art and other artifacts. Consulting with ethnographers, archaeologists and historians, she financed archaeological excavations and amassed a large collection of items. Failing to interest local authorities in establishing a museum to house them, she created the first private museum in Ukraine in 1880. Hiring professional curators, Skarzhynska assisted in developing the collection until 1905. One of the curators,
Sergiy Kulzhynskiy [
uk], would become her partner, father of her youngest child, and her companion and caretaker in her old age. In 1906, she transferred her materials to the Museum of Natural History of Poltava Provincial
Zemstvo. (Full article...)
Image 11
Kievan Rus' in the 11th century, with adjoining regions
The intervention was initially successful as Bolesław defeated Yaroslav's armies, and temporarily secured the throne for Sviatopolk. But when Bolesław withdrew himself and his army from Kiev, Sviatopolk was unable to retain his position, being defeated by Yaroslav in the following year. Chronicles of the expedition include legendary accounts as well as factual history and have been subject to varied interpretations. (Full article...)
Image 12
Modern interpretation of
Rus'Varangians and their
longships in
Gardariki, by
Nicholas Roerich. The Caspian expeditions of the Rus' were
military raids undertaken by
the Rus' between the late 9th century and
c. 1041 on the
Caspian Sea shores, of what are nowadays
Iran,
Dagestan, and
Azerbaijan. Initially, the Rus' appeared in
Serkland in the 9th century travelling as merchants along the
Volga trade route, selling furs, honey, and slaves. The first small-scale
Viking raids took place in the late 9th and early 10th century. The Rus' undertook the first large-scale expedition in 913; having arrived on 500 ships, they pillaged in the
Gorgan region, in the territory of present-day Iran, and more to the west, in
Gilan and
Mazandaran, taking slaves and goods. On their return, the northern raiders were attacked and defeated by the
Khazars in the
Volga Delta, and those who escaped were killed by the local tribes in the middle
Volga.
During their next expedition in 943, the Rus' captured
Bardha'a, the capital of
Arran, in the modern-day Republic of Azerbaijan. The Rus' stayed there for several months, killing many inhabitants of the city and amassing substantial plunder. It was only an outbreak of
dysentery among the Rus' that forced them to depart with their spoils.
Sviatoslav, prince of
Kiev, commanded the next attack, which destroyed the Khazar state in 965. Sviatoslav's campaign established the Rus's hold on the north-south trade routes, helping to alter the demographics of the region. Raids continued through the time period with the last Scandinavian attempt to reestablish the route to the Caspian Sea taking place in
c. 1041 by
Ingvar the Far-Travelled. (Full article...)
Image 13
Maximilian Presnyakov: "Lada" ("Slav cycle"), 1998. Lada and Lado are alleged
Slavic deities. Lada was first mentioned around 1405-1412 in the sermons of
Lucas of Wielki Koźmin, which warned against worshipping Lada and other gods during spring ceremonies and folk performances. They owe their popularity to
Jan Długosz, who in one of his sources recognized Lada as a goddess and in another as a god of war, the Polish equivalent of the Roman god
Mars, to
Aleksandr Faminstyn, who recognized the word Lada in Russian songs as the goddess of marriage, and to scholar
Boris Rybakov, who insisted on recognizing her historicity. However, the vast majority of religious scholars and
Slavists reject the historicity of these deities, believing that they owe their divine status to a misunderstanding of the song refrains by medieval scribes.
A Jewish woman chased by men and youth during the pogrom
The Lviv pogroms were the consecutive
pogroms and massacres of Jews in June and July 1941 in the city of Lwów in German-occupied
Eastern Poland/
Western Ukraine (now
Lviv, Ukraine). The massacres were perpetrated by Ukrainian nationalists (specifically, the
OUN), German death squads (Einsatzgruppen), and urban population from 30 June to 2 July, and from 25 to 29 July, during the
German invasion of the Soviet Union. Thousands of Jews were killed both in the pogroms and in the Einsatzgruppen killings.
Ukrainian militia as well as Ukrainian residents and to a lower degree Poles targeted Jews in the first pogrom, which was triggered by the discovery of thousands of bodies in three Lviv prisons of victims of the Soviet
NKVD prisoner massacres, which were widely blamed on "Jewish Bolsheviks". The subsequent massacres were directed by the Germans in the context of
the Holocaust in Eastern Europe. The pogroms have been widely debated in the historiography, including the extent to which Ukrainian nationalists played a central or complicit role. (Full article...)
Ukrainian opera flourished and developed after the creation of the first professional
opera houses in the 1920s, with
Borys Lyatoshynsky's The Golden Ring (1929) being one of the most notable works produced there during the first half of the 20th century. From 1930 until the
dissolution of the Soviet Union at the end of the 1980s, operatic performances and the creation of new works occurred under the dominance of Soviet
socialist realism. During this period, Ukrainian opera was modelled on such works as The Young Guard by
Yuliy Meitus, premiered in 1947. Ukrainian opera was able to develop once more during the
Khrushchev Thaw from the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s. Works by
Vitaly Kyreiko (Forest Song (1957)),
Vitaliy Hubarenko (Love Letters (1971)), or
Yevhen Stankovych's folk opera When the Fern Blooms (1979) adopted more modern themes and musical expressions that were used during the
Stalinist period. Of works written during the 21st century, Moses by
Myroslav Skoryk is alone in retaining its place in the local repertoire. (Full article...)
A tinted
lithograph, titled "Embarkation of the sick at
Balaklava", shows injured and ill soldiers in the Crimean War boarding boats to take them to hospital facilities. Modern
nursing had its roots in the war, as war correspondents for newspapers reported the scandalous treatment of wounded soldiers in the first desperate winter, prompting the pioneering work of women such as
Florence Nightingale,
Mary Seacole,
Frances Margaret Taylor and others.
The burning of the
Trade Unions Building—used as the headquarters of the
Euromaidan movement—during the 2014 Ukrainian revolution, following a failed attempt by the Ukrainian police to capture the building. After the fire, the damaged building was covered with large canvas screens on two sides with the words "Glory to Ukraine" printed on them in large letters.
Kombat (Russian for '
battalion commander') is a black-and-white photograph by Soviet photographer
Max Alpert. It depicts a Soviet military officer, armed with a
TT pistol, raising his unit for an attack during
World War II. This work is regarded as one of the most iconic Soviet World War II photographs, yet neither the date nor the subject is known with certainty. According to the most widely accepted version, it depicts junior politruk Aleksei Gordeyevich Yeryomenko, minutes before his death on 12 July 1942, in
Voroshilovgrad Oblast, now part of Ukraine. The photograph is in the archives of
RIA Novosti, a Russian state-owned news agency.
The ChS8 is an
electric mainline passenger locomotive used in Russia and Ukraine. Built between 1983 and 1989, it was developed for pulling long passenger trains (28–32 carriages) at speeds of 100 kilometres per hour (60 mph) or faster. Since 2010 Russia has switched to more energy-efficient designs, such as the
EP10 and
EP20.
A map showing
caesium-137 contamination in Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine (in curies per square kilometer) in 1996, ten years after the Chernobyl disaster struck the
Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. The disaster contaminated 162,160 square kilometres (62,610 sq mi) of land and is widely considered the worst nuclear power plant accident in history.
Mushrooms of Armillaria hinnulea, a species of honey fungus (or "pidpenky", from
Ukrainian). Honey fungi are
parasiticfungi that live on trees and woody shrubs. As a forest
pathogen, it can be very destructive because unlike most parasites, it does not need to moderate its growth in order to avoid killing its host, since it will continue to thrive on the dead material. Honey fungi are long lived and form some of the
largest living organisms in the world, including one that covers more than 3.4 sq mi (8.8 km2) and is thousands of years old. The mushrooms are
edible, but can be easily confused with
poisonousGalerina species, which can grow side-by-side with Armillaria.
The Royal Kurgan is a 4th century BC
kurgan (burial barrow) located near present-day
Kerch,
Crimea. The mound is almost 20 metres high and its base perimeter is about 250 metres. It holds a burial chamber with a square floor plan which gradually merges into the circular shape of a
corbelled dome ("false vault"). It is assumed that the Royal Kurgan was the final resting place of a ruler of the
Bosporan Kingdom.
The
6th (Inniskilling) Dragoons and
5th Dragoon Guards engage the Russians in this
lithograph of the "Charge of the Heavy Brigade", a short engagement during the Battle of Balaclava during the
Crimean War. Russian cavalry had attacked the British camp, but in roughly ten minutes of fighting, they suffered 40 to 50 killed and more than 200 wounded and were forced to retreat.
... that in 2014 the European Theatre Convention started a programme known as Dialogue of Cultures to support exchanges with theatres in Ukraine and other Eastern European countries?
... that Yulia Tolopa, a single mother from Russia, has fought for Ukraine in the
war in Donbas since she was 18 years old?
... that Serhiy Kot was the editor of Ukrainian Question, a collection of articles on the status of Ukraine in the 1930s?
... that the longest of the Kiev bridges, the 1,543 metres long Paton Bridge over the
Dnieper River, constructed in
1953 was the first fully
welded steel construction of such length at that time?
Sevastopol (/ˌsɛvəˈstoʊpəl,səˈvæstəpoʊl/), sometimes written Sebastopol, is the largest city in
Crimea and a major port on the
Black Sea. Due to its strategic location and the navigability of the city's harbours, Sevastopol has been an important
port and
naval base throughout its history. Since the city's founding in 1783 it has been a major base for Russia's
Black Sea Fleet. During the
Cold War of the 20th century, it was a
closed city. The total administrative area is 864 square kilometres (334 sq mi) and includes a significant amount of rural land. The urban population, largely concentrated around
Sevastopol Bay, is 479,394, and the total population is 547,820.
Sevastopol, along with the rest of Crimea, is internationally recognised as part of Ukraine, and under the Ukrainian legal framework, it is administratively one of two
cities with special status (the other being
Kyiv). However, it has been occupied by
Russia since 27 February 2014, before Russia
annexed Crimea on 18 March 2014 and gave it the status of a
federal city of Russia. Both Ukraine and Russia consider the city administratively separate from the
Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the
Republic of Crimea, respectively. The city's population has an ethnic
Russian majority and a substantial minority of
Ukrainians and
Crimean Tatars. (Full article...)
Russia launches a wave of
cruise missiles and
drone attacks at
Kyiv. Ukraine claims to have intercepted all missiles and drones, although debris did cause some damage to infrastructure.
(Reuters)
Selected anniversaries for June
The Grand Trianon at Versailles, site of the signing.
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Artist: William Simpson; Lithographer: Edmond Morin; Restoration: NativeForeignerA tinted lithograph, titled "Embarkation of the sick at Balaklava", shows injured and ill soldiers in the Crimean War boarding boats to take them to hospital facilities. Modern nursing had its roots in the war, as war correspondents for newspapers reported the scandalous treatment of wounded soldiers in the first desperate winter, prompting the pioneering work of women such as Florence Nightingale, Mary Seacole, Frances Margaret Taylor and others.
Photograph: AmakuhaThe burning of the Trade Unions Building—used as the headquarters of the Euromaidan movement—during the 2014 Ukrainian revolution, following a failed attempt by the Ukrainian police to capture the building. After the fire, the damaged building was covered with large canvas screens on two sides with the words "Glory to Ukraine" printed on them in large letters.
Photo credit: Peter DuhonUkrainian fashion model Nataliya Gotsiy modeling for Cynthia Rowley, Spring 2007 New York Fashion Week. She was the winner of the Ford Supermodel of the World 2004 search. She has appeared on the cover of French Elle and Italian Marie Claire and modeled for Behnaz Sarafpour, Christian Lacroix, Diane von Furstenberg, Dior, Dolce & Gabbana, Dries van Noten, Gucci, Oscar de la Renta, Valentino, and Vivienne Westwood, among others.
Map credit: Nicolas de FerA 1691 French map of Kamianets-Podilskyi, Ukraine, depicting the city's old town neighborhood and castle, surrounded by the winding Smotrych River. It was originally part of Kievan Rus' and annexed into the First Polish Republic, but at the time of the map's creation, the city was part of the Ottoman Empire. It shortly returned to Poland and later became part of the Russian Empire with the Second Partition of Poland in 1793.
Photograph credit: Max AlpertKombat (Russian for ' battalion commander') is a black-and-white photograph by Soviet photographer Max Alpert. It depicts a Soviet military officer, armed with a TT pistol, raising his unit for an attack during World War II. This work is regarded as one of the most iconic Soviet World War II photographs, yet neither the date nor the subject is known with certainty. According to the most widely accepted version, it depicts junior politruk Aleksei Gordeyevich Yeryomenko, minutes before his death on 12 July 1942, in Voroshilovgrad Oblast, now part of Ukraine. The photograph is in the archives of RIA Novosti, a Russian state-owned news agency.
Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Joseph Stalin sitting together at the Yalta Conference, which took place February 4–11, 1945. The so-called "Big Three" met to discuss the re-establishment of the nations of Europe following World War II. Although a number of agreements were reached, Stalin broke his promises regarding Poland, and the Soviet Union annexed the regions of Eastern Europe it controlled, or converted them to satellite states.
Photograph: George ChernilevskyThe ChS8 is an electric mainline passenger locomotive used in Russia and Ukraine. Built between 1983 and 1989, it was developed for pulling long passenger trains (28–32 carriages) at speeds of 100 kilometres per hour (60 mph) or faster. Since 2010 Russia has switched to more energy-efficient designs, such as the EP10 and EP20.
A map showing caesium-137 contamination in Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine (in curies per square kilometer) in 1996, ten years after the Chernobyl disaster struck the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. The disaster contaminated 162,160 square kilometres (62,610 sq mi) of land and is widely considered the worst nuclear power plant accident in history.
Painting: UnknownThe Adoration of the Shepherds is a common subject in the Nativity of Jesus in art. The scene, based on the Biblical account in Luke 2, depicts shepherds as near witnesses to the birth of Jesus in Bethlehem, arriving soon after the actual birth. It is often combined in art with the Adoration of the Magi, in which case it is typically just referred to by the latter title. The example here comes from 17th-century Ukraine and is currently held at the Ivan Honchar Museum.
Photo: Noodle snacksMushrooms of Armillaria hinnulea, a species of honey fungus (or "pidpenky", from Ukrainian). Honey fungi are parasitic fungi that live on trees and woody shrubs. As a forest pathogen, it can be very destructive because unlike most parasites, it does not need to moderate its growth in order to avoid killing its host, since it will continue to thrive on the dead material. Honey fungi are long lived and form some of the largest living organisms in the world, including one that covers more than 3.4 sq mi (8.8 km2) and is thousands of years old. The mushrooms are edible, but can be easily confused with poisonous Galerina species, which can grow side-by-side with Armillaria.
Photograph: Anatoly ShcherbakThe Royal Kurgan is a 4th century BC kurgan (burial barrow) located near present-day Kerch, Crimea. The mound is almost 20 metres high and its base perimeter is about 250 metres. It holds a burial chamber with a square floor plan which gradually merges into the circular shape of a corbelled dome ("false vault"). It is assumed that the Royal Kurgan was the final resting place of a ruler of the Bosporan Kingdom.
Artist: William Simpson; Restoration: NativeForeignerThe 6th (Inniskilling) Dragoons and 5th Dragoon Guards engage the Russians in this lithograph of the "Charge of the Heavy Brigade", a short engagement during the Battle of Balaclava during the Crimean War. Russian cavalry had attacked the British camp, but in roughly ten minutes of fighting, they suffered 40 to 50 killed and more than 200 wounded and were forced to retreat.
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Streets of Mukacheve in the old part of town
A wooden bridge leads to the entrance to the Khomutovska Steppe in Donetsk Oblast.
A view of Lviv
The Swallow's Nest is one of the Neo-Gothic châteaux fantastiques near Yalta; it was built in 1912.
Zbarazh ( Ukrainian: Збараж, Polish: Zbaraż, Yiddish: Zbarj) is a small city in the Ternopil Oblast ( province) of western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Zbarazh Raion ( district), and is located in the historic region of Galicia. The major attraction of the city is the Zbarazh Castle that played a key role during the Khmelnytsky Uprising, the heroic defense of which eventually led to change of momentum and extinguishing the Cossack revolt.
The square in front of the theater in Chernivtsi.
View on the lower fortress of the Kamianets-Podilskyi Castle
St Andrew's Church of Kyiv (1749–1854)
Interiour view of the Pochayiv Lavra in Ukraine.
A view of Lviv Old Town from the High Castle.
Potemkin Stairs in Odesa, Ukraine. The higher perspective allows a person to see both the stairs and landings.
Trinity Church and Monastery in Chernihiv, Ukraine
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