From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Ephrin A4 is a
protein that in humans is encoded by the EFNA4
gene .
[5]
[6]
This gene encodes a member of the
ephrin (EPH) family. The ephrins and EPH-related receptors comprise the largest subfamily of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases and have been implicated in mediating developmental events, especially in the
nervous system and in
erythropoiesis . Based on their structures and sequence relationships, ephrins are divided into the ephrin-A (EFNA) class, which are anchored to the
membrane by a
glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage, and the ephrin-B (EFNB) class, which are
transmembrane proteins . This gene encodes an EFNA class ephrin. Three
transcript variants that encode distinct proteins have been identified.
[6]
References
^
a
b
c
GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000243364 –
Ensembl , May 2017
^
a
b
c
GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000028040 –
Ensembl , May 2017
^
"Human PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .
^
"Mouse PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .
^ Cerretti DP, Lyman SD, Kozlosky CJ, Copeland NG, Gilbert DJ, Jenkins NA, Valentine V, Kirstein MN, Shapiro DN, Morris SW (Jan 1997).
"The genes encoding the eph-related receptor tyrosine kinase ligands LERK-1 (EPLG1, Epl1), LERK-3 (EPLG3, Epl3), and LERK-4 (EPLG4, Epl4) are clustered on human chromosome 1 and mouse chromosome 3" . Genomics . 33 (2): 277–82.
doi :
10.1006/geno.1996.0192 .
PMID
8660976 .
^
a
b
"Entrez Gene: EFNA4 ephrin-A4" .
Further reading
Flanagan JG, Vanderhaeghen P (1998). "The ephrins and Eph receptors in neural development". Annu. Rev. Neurosci . 21 : 309–45.
doi :
10.1146/annurev.neuro.21.1.309 .
PMID
9530499 .
Zhou R (1998). "The Eph family receptors and ligands". Pharmacol. Ther . 77 (3): 151–81.
doi :
10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00112-5 .
PMID
9576626 .
Holder N, Klein R (1999). "Eph receptors and ephrins: effectors of morphogenesis". Development . 126 (10): 2033–44.
doi :
10.1242/dev.126.10.2033 .
PMID
10207129 .
Wilkinson DG (2000). "Eph receptors and ephrins: regulators of guidance and assembly". International Review of Cytology . Vol. 196. pp. 177–244.
doi :
10.1016/S0074-7696(00)96005-4 .
ISBN
978-0-12-364600-2 .
PMID
10730216 .
Xu Q, Mellitzer G, Wilkinson DG (2001).
"Roles of Eph receptors and ephrins in segmental patterning" . Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci . 355 (1399): 993–1002.
doi :
10.1098/rstb.2000.0635 .
PMC
1692797 .
PMID
11128993 .
Wilkinson DG (2001). "Multiple roles of EPH receptors and ephrins in neural development". Nat. Rev. Neurosci . 2 (3): 155–64.
doi :
10.1038/35058515 .
PMID
11256076 .
S2CID
205014301 .
Kozlosky CJ, Maraskovsky E, McGrew JT, et al. (1995). "Ligands for the receptor tyrosine kinases hek and elk: isolation of cDNAs encoding a family of proteins". Oncogene . 10 (2): 299–306.
PMID
7838529 .
Gale NW, Holland SJ, Valenzuela DM, et al. (1996).
"Eph receptors and ligands comprise two major specificity subclasses and are reciprocally compartmentalized during embryogenesis" . Neuron . 17 (1): 9–19.
doi :
10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80276-7 .
PMID
8755474 .
S2CID
1075856 .
Ephnomenclaturecommittee (1997).
"Unified nomenclature for Eph family receptors and their ligands, the ephrins. Eph Nomenclature Committee" . Cell . 90 (3): 403–4.
doi :
10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80500-0 .
PMID
9267020 .
S2CID
26773768 .
Janis LS, Cassidy RM, Kromer LF (1999).
"Ephrin-A binding and EphA receptor expression delineate the matrix compartment of the striatum" . J. Neurosci . 19 (12): 4962–71.
doi :
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-12-04962.1999 .
PMC
6782661 .
PMID
10366629 .
Choi S, Jeong J, Kim T, Park S (2000).
"Characterization of ephrin-A1 and ephrin-A4 as ligands for the EphA8 receptor protein tyrosine kinase" . Mol. Cells . 9 (4): 440–5.
doi :
10.1016/S1016-8478(23)13566-7 .
PMID
10515610 .
Aasheim HC, Munthe E, Funderud S, et al. (2000). "A splice variant of human ephrin-A4 encodes a soluble molecule that is secreted by activated human B lymphocytes". Blood . 95 (1): 221–30.
doi :
10.1182/blood.V95.1.221 .
PMID
10607706 .
Munthe E, Aasheim HC (2002).
"Characterization of the human ephrin-A4 promoter" . Biochem. J . 366 (Pt 2): 447–58.
doi :
10.1042/BJ20011693 .
PMC
1222801 .
PMID
12030849 .
Angiopoietin
CNTF
EGF (ErbB)
FGF
FGFR1
FGFR2
Agonists:
Ersofermin
FGF (
1 ,
2 (bFGF) ,
3 ,
4 ,
5 ,
6 ,
7 (
KGF ),
8 ,
9 ,
10 (KGF2) ,
17 ,
18 ,
22 )
Palifermin
Repifermin
Selpercatinib
Sprifermin
Trafermin
FGFR3
FGFR4 Unsorted
HGF (c-Met)
IGF
LNGF (p75NTR )
PDGF
RET (GFL)
SCF (c-Kit)
TGFβ
Trk
TrkA
Negative allosteric modulators:
VM-902A
TrkB
Agonists:
3,7-DHF
3,7,8,2'-THF
4'-DMA-7,8-DHF
7,3'-DHF
7,8-DHF
7,8,2'-THF
7,8,3'-THF
Amitriptyline
BDNF
BNN-20
Deoxygedunin
Deprenyl
Diosmetin
DMAQ-B1
HIOC
LM22A-4
N-Acetylserotonin
NT-3
NT-4
Norwogonin (5,7,8-THF)
R7
R13
TDP6
TrkC
VEGF Others
Additional growth factors:
Adrenomedullin
Colony-stimulating factors (see
here instead)
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)
Ephrins (
A1 ,
A2 ,
A3 ,
A4 ,
A5 ,
B1 ,
B2 ,
B3 )
Erythropoietin (see
here instead)
Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI; PGI, PHI, AMF)
Glia maturation factor (GMF)
Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF)
Interleukins /
T-cell growth factors (see
here instead)
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)
Macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP; HLP, HGFLP)
Midkine (NEGF2)
Migration-stimulating factor (MSF; PRG4)
Oncomodulin
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP)
Pleiotrophin
Renalase
Thrombopoietin (see
here instead)
Wnt signaling proteins
Additional growth factor receptor modulators:
Cerebrolysin (neurotrophin mixture)