From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Calendar year
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
1823 .
August 18 :
Demerara rebellion begins.
April -
November :
Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis
December 2 : The
Monroe Doctrine is introduced.
1823 (
MDCCCXXIII ) was a
common year starting on Wednesday of the
Gregorian calendar and a
common year starting on Monday of the
Julian calendar , the 1823rd year of the
Common Era (CE) and
Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 823rd year of the
2nd millennium , the 23rd year of the
19th century , and the 4th year of the
1820s decade. As of the start of 1823, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
Events
January–March
January 22 – By secret treaty signed at the
Congress of Verona , the
Quintuple Alliance gives France a mandate to invade
Spain for the purpose of restoring
Ferdinand VII (who has been captured by armed revolutionary liberals) as absolute monarch of the country.
January 23 – In Paviland Cave on the
Gower Peninsula of Wales,
William Buckland inspects the "
Red Lady of Paviland ", the first identification of a prehistoric (male) human burial.
[1]
February 3
February 10 – The first worldwide carnival parade takes place in
Cologne ,
Prussia .
February 11 –
Carnival tragedy of 1823 : About 110 boys are killed during a stampede at the
Convent of the Minori Osservanti in
Valletta ,
Malta .
February 15 (approx.) – The first officially recognised
gold is found in
Australia , by surveyor James McBrien at
Fish River , near
Bathurst, New South Wales , predating the
Australian gold rushes .
February 20 – Explorer
James Weddell 's expedition to Antarctica reaches
latitude 74°15' S and
longitude 34°16'45" W: the
southernmost position any ship has reached at this time, a record that will hold until 1841.
March 15 – Sailor
Benjamin Morrell
erroneously reports the existence of the island of
New South Greenland near
Antarctica .
[2]
March 19 – Emperor
Agustín de Iturbide of Mexico abdicates, thus ending the short-lived
First Mexican Empire .
April–June
April 7 – French forces, the "
Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis ", cross the Spanish border.
April 13 –
Franz Liszt , 11, gives a concert in Vienna, after which he is personally congratulated by
Ludwig van Beethoven .
[3]
May 5 – Emperor
Pedro I of Brazil inaugurates
Brazil 's first Assembleia Geral , with 50 Senators and 102 Deputies.
[4]
May 7 –
Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov in appointed as
Governor-General of
Novorossiya (New Russia), the portion of
Russian Empire bordering the Black Sea (in modern days it constitutes southern regions of
Ukraine ).
[5]
May 9 – Russian author
Alexander Pushkin begins work on his verse novel
Eugene Onegin .
[6]
May 23 – The rebel Spanish government withdraws from
Madrid to
Seville following French attacks.
May 25 – The
Catholic Association , a campaign for religious emancipation, begins in Ireland at a meeting of 13 people at a bookseller's house on
Capel Street in
Dublin .
[7]
June 5 –
Raffles Institution is established (as the Singapore Institution) by the founder of
Singapore , Sir
Stamford Raffles .
July–September
July 1 – The
Congress of Central America declares absolute independence from Spain, Mexico and any other foreign nation, including North America, and a republican system of government is established.
July –
Robert Peel ensures the passage of five
Acts of Parliament in the United Kingdom , effectively abolishing the
death penalty for over one hundred offences;
[8] in particular, the
Judgement of Death Act allows judges to commute sentences for capital offences (other than murder or treason) to imprisonment or
transportation .
[9] The Transportation Act of July 4 allows convicts transported to the colonies to be employed on public works
[8] and the
Gaols Act of July 10 begins the process of prison reform based on the campaign of
Elizabeth Fry .
[8]
July 15 – The
Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls in Rome is almost completely destroyed by fire.
[10]
July 28 – The first theatrical adaptation of the
Frankenstein story,
Presumption; or, the Fate of Frankenstein , opens at the
Royal Opera House at
Covent Garden . A month later on August 29,
Mary Shelley attends a performance, which was the only version of her novel that she would ever see.
[11]
August 1 –
William Pitt Amherst arrives in
Calcutta with Lady Amherst, to become the new
Governor-General of India .
[12]
August 4 –
Felipe Enrique Neri, Baron de Bastrop , the Mexican government administrator in charge of Anglo-American immigration into Mexico's state of
Coahuila y Tejas , allows
Stephen F. Austin to put together an 11-man police force, that will later be expanded to become the
Texas Ranger Division .
[13]
August 5 – The
Royal Hibernian Academy is founded in
Dublin .
[14]
August 16 – Tsar
Alexander I of Russia draws up a secret "manifesto", designating his second younger brother
Nikolai to succeed him, bypassing Nikolai's older brother,
Grand Duke Konstantin . The existence of the manifesto is revealed on Alexander's death in 1825.
[15]
August 18 –
Demerara rebellion of 1823 : In British Guiana (South America), an insurrection of 10,000 black slaves begins; it is suppressed after three days, but hundreds of suspects are executed in the reprisals that follow.
[16]
August 20 –
Pope Pius VII dies after a reign of more than 23 years that began on March 14, 1800; he is remembered for crowning
Napoleon Bonaparte as
Emperor of France .
[17]
August 24 –
Hugh Glass gets mauled by a sow grizzly while on a fur trapping expedition in the Missouri Territory and has to crawl 200 miles for help.
[18]
August 31 –
Battle of Trocadero : French infantry of the "Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis" capture the fort of Trocadero and turn its guns on
Cádiz .
September 10 –
Simón Bolívar is named President of
Peru .
September 22 –
Joseph Smith first goes to the place near
Manchester, New York , where the
golden plates are stored, having been directed there by God through an angel (according to what he writes in 1838).
September 23 –
First Anglo-Burmese War :
Burmese forces attack the British on Shapura, an island close to
Chittagong .
September 28 – Roman Catholic Cardinal Annibale della Genga is elected
Pope Leo XII .
[17]
September 30 –
Cádiz surrenders to the French and
Ferdinand VII of Spain is restored to his throne, immediately repealing the liberal
Spanish Constitution of 1812 .
October–December
Undated
Births
January–June
Carl Wilhelm Siemens
Abdülmecid I
January 1 –
Sándor Petőfi , Hungarian poet, revolutionary (d. 1849)
January 3 –
Robert Whitehead , English engineer, inventor (d. 1905)
January 8 –
Alfred Russel Wallace , British naturalist, biologist (d. 1913)
January 11 –
Pierre Philippe Denfert-Rochereau , French military officer and politician (d. 1878)
January 27 –
Édouard Lalo , French composer (d. 1892)
February 15 –
Li Hongzhang , Chinese politician, general and diplomat (d. 1901)
February 28
March 3 –
John George Adair , Scots-Irish businessman and landowner; also known as "Black Jack" for his eviction of 244 people in 1861; financier of
JA Ranch (d. 1885)
March 8 –
Gyula Andrássy , 4th Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1890)
March 14 –
Théodore de Banville , French writer (d. 1891)
March 18 –
Antoine Chanzy , French general and colonial governor (d. 1883)
April 1 –
Simon Bolivar Buckner , American soldier, politician and Confederate soldier (d. 1914)
April 3 –
William M. Tweed , American political boss (d. 1878)
April 4 –
Carl Wilhelm Siemens , German engineer (d. 1883)
April 24 –
Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada , 27th President of Mexico (d. 1889)
April 25 –
Abdülmecid I ,
Ottoman Sultan (d. 1861)
May 2 –
Emma Hardinge Britten (b. Emma Floyd), English-born spiritualist (d. 1899)
May 9 –
Sir Frederick Weld , 6th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1891)
May 15
May 17 –
Henry Eckford , British horticulturist (d. 1905)
May 22 –
Solomon Bundy , American politician (d. 1889)
May 26 –
William Pryor Letchworth , American businessman, philanthropist, founder of
Letchworth State Park , New York
July 6 –
Sophie Adlersparre , Swedish feminist (d. 1895)
June 21 –
Jean Chacornac , French astronomer (d. 1873)
July–December
Max Müller
Mackenzie Bowell
July 9 (date uncertain ) –
Phineas Gage , improbable American head injury survivor (d. 1860)
July 18
July 23 –
Coventry Patmore , English poet (d. 1896)
August 3 –
Thomas Francis Meagher , American Civil War general (d. 1867)
August 4 –
Oliver P. Morton , American politician (d. 1877)
August 5 –
Eliza Tibbets , mother of the California orange industry (d. 1898)
August 10
August 11 –
Charlotte Mary Yonge , English author (d. 1901)
August 13 –
Goldwin Smith , English historian (d. 1910)
August 14 –
Karel Miry , Belgian composer (d. 1889)
August 15 –
Orris S. Ferry , American Civil War general and politician (d. 1875)
August 23 –
Nil Izvorov , Bulgarian
Orthodox priest and venerable (d. 1905)
September 16 –
Ludwik Teichmann , Polish anatomist (d. 1895)
September 28 –
Alexandre Cabanel , French painter (d. 1889)
November 1 –
Lascăr Catargiu , 4-time prime minister of Romania (d. 1899)
November 8 –
Joseph Monier , French inventor (d. 1906)
November 16 –
Henry G. Davis , American politician (d. 1916)
November 18 –
Charles H. Bell , American politician (d. 1893)
November 21 –
Andrzej Jerzy Mniszech , Polish painter (d. 1905)
November 25 –
Henry Wirz , Swiss-born American Confederate military officer, prisoner-of-war camp commander (d. 1865)
December 6 –
Friedrich Max Müller , German-born Orientalist (d. 1900)
December 9 –
Rosalie Olivecrona , Swedish women's rights activist (d. 1898)
December 13 –
Ferdinand Büchner , German composer (d. 1906)
December 22 –
Thomas Wentworth Higginson , American Unitarian minister, abolitionist (d. 1911)
December 27 –
Sir Mackenzie Bowell , 5th
Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1917)
Undated
Deaths
January–June
Edward Jenner
Louis-Nicolas Davout
January 21
January 22 –
John Julius Angerstein , Russian-born English merchant, insurer and art collector (b. 1735)
January 26 –
Edward Jenner , English physician, medical researcher (b. 1749)
January 27 –
Charles Hutton , English mathematician (b. 1737)
January 28 –
Return J. Meigs Sr. , American colonel (b. 1740)
February 9 –
Agnes Ibbetson , English plant physiologist (b. 1757)
February 7 –
Ann Radcliffe , English writer (b. 1764)
February 21 –
Charles Wolfe , Irish poet (b. 1791)
March 1 –
Pierre-Jean Garat , French Basque opera singer (b. 1764)
March 5 –
Magdalena Rudenschöld , Swedish conspirator (b. 1766)
March 14
March 18
March 19 –
Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski , Polish aristocrat and patron of the arts (b. 1734)
April 18 –
George Cabot , American politician (b. 1752)
June 1 –
Louis-Nicolas Davout , French marshal (b. 1770)
June 19 –
William Combe , English writer, poet and adventurer (b. 1742)
July–December
Giovanni Battista Belzoni
Gregorio José Ramírez
July 8 – Sir
Henry Raeburn , Scottish painter (b. 1756)
[22]
August 1 –
Francis Napier, 8th Lord Napier of Great Britain (b. 1758)
August 7 –
Mátyás Laáb , Croatian writer, translator (b. 1746)
August 18 –
John Treadwell , the fourth
Governor of Connecticut (b. 1745)
August 20 –
Pope Pius VII , Italian Benedictine (b. 1742)
August 22 –
Lazare Carnot , French general, politician and mathematician (b. 1753)
August 30 –
Pierre Prévost , French
panorama painter (b. 1764)
September 11 –
David Ricardo , English economist (b. 1772)
September 17 –
Abraham-Louis Breguet , Swiss
horologist , inventor (b. 1747)
September 23 –
Matthew Baillie , Scottish physician, pathologist (b. 1761)
September 28 –
Charlotte Melmoth , English-born American actress (b. 1749)
November 9 –
Vasily Kapnist , Ukrainian-Russian poet, dramatist (b. 1758)
November 11 –
Richard Richards , British judge and politician (b. 1752)
December 3 –
Giovanni Battista Belzoni , Italian explorer, pioneer archaeologist of Egypt (b. 1778)
December 4 –
Gregorio José Ramírez , Costa Rican politician, merchant and marine (b. 1796)
References
^ Aldhouse-Green, Stephen (October 2001).
"Great Sites: Paviland Cave" . British Archaeology (61). Retrieved July 16, 2010 .
^ Simpson-Housley, Paul (1992).
Antarctica:Exploration, Perception and Metaphor . New York: Routledge. p. 52.
ISBN
0-415-08225-0 .
^ According to Gustav Schilling.
^ Bethell, Leslie (1985). Brazil: Empire and Republic, 1822-1930 . Cambridge University Press. p. 49.
^ "Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov", in Encyclopædia Britannica 28 (1910) p. 213.
^ Hasty, Olga Peters (1999). Pushkin's Tatiana . University of Wisconsin Press. p. 14.
^ Robert Huish, The Memoirs Private and Political of Daniel O'Connell, Esq., M.P., His Times and Contemporaries (W. Johnston, 1836) p129
^
a
b
c
d Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History . London: Century Ltd. pp. 252–253.
ISBN
0-7126-5616-2 .
^
"Timeline of capital punishment in Britain" . Retrieved March 3, 2012 .
^ "Fires, Great", in Walford, Cornelius, ed. The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance . C. & E. Layton, 1876. p.71.
^
"Presumption; or, the Fate of Frankenstein" . December 8, 2021.
^ The Cambridge Modern History , Volume 11 (Macmillan, 1909) p727
^ Robert M. Utley, Lone Star Justice: The First Century of the Texas Rangers (Oxford University Press, 2002)
^ Vaughn, W. E., ed. (1976). A New History of Ireland: Ireland Under the Union, 1870-1921 . Clarendon Press. p. 423.
^ Donald J. Raleigh and A.A. Iskenderov, The Emperors and Empresses of Russia: Reconsidering the Romanovs (Routledge, 2015)
^ Gelien Matthews, Caribbean Slave Revolts and the British Abolitionist Movement (LSU Press, 2006) p21
^
a
b Charles A. Coulombe, Vicars of Christ: A History of the Popes (Citadel Press, 2003) pp393-397
^ As featured in the 2002 novel
The Revenant and 2015
film of the same title .
^ Anderson, Maureen (2008). Durham Mining Disasters: c1700-1950s . Barnsley: Wharncliffe.
^ Mathewson, George (July 22, 2014).
"Founding of Corunna was a capital idea" . The Sarnia Journal .
Archived from the original on March 20, 2019. Retrieved November 20, 2020 .
^
"Youssef Bey Karam on Ehden Family Tree website" . Archived from
the original on March 29, 2019. Retrieved April 2, 2019 .
^
"Sir Henry Raeburn (1756-1823)" . National Records of Scotland . May 31, 2013. Retrieved June 24, 2022 .