Mammalia
Information
Linnaean Characteristics
Heart : 2 auricles, 2 ventricles. Warm, dark red blood
Lungs : respires alternately
Jaw : incombent, covered. Teeth usually within
Teats : lactiferous
Organs of Sense : tongue, nostrils, eyes, ears, & papillae of the skin
Covering : hair, which is scanty in warm climates, hardly any on aquatics
Supports : 4 feet, except in aquatics; and in most a tail. Walks on the Earth & Speaks
Linnaeus divided the mammals based upon the number, situation, and structure of their teeth.
Primates
Fore-teeth : cutting, upper 4 parallel, (except in some species of bats which have 2 or none)
Tusks : solitary, that is, one on each side, in each jaw
Teats : 2 pectoral
Feet : 2 are hands
Nails : (usually) flattened, oval
Food : fruits, except a few who use animal food
Homo (humans)
The
Barbary macaque was named Simia sylvanus in 1758.
The
Diana monkey was given the names Simia diana and Simia faunua .
Simia (
monkeys &
apes )
[Note 1]
The
ring-tailed lemur was named Lemur catta
Lemur (
lemurs &
colugos )
[Note 2]
Vespertilio (
bats )
Bruta
Fore-teeth : none in any jaw
Tusks : in elephants and manatees
Feet : with strong hoof-like nails
Motion : slow
Food : (mostly) masticated vegetables
Elephas (
elephants )
Trichechus (
manatees )
Bradypus (
sloths )
Myrmecophaga (
anteaters )
Manis (
pangolins )
Ferae
Fore-teeth : conic, usually 6 in each jaw
Tusks : longer
Grinders : with conic projections
Feet : with claws
Claws : subulate
Food : carcasses and preying on other animals
Phoca (
seals )
Canis (
dogs &
hyenas )
Felis (
cats )
The
eastern spotted skunk was named Viverra putorius in 1758.
Viverra (
mongooses &
civets )
Mustela (
weasels & kin)
Ursus (
bears )
Bestiae
The
wild boar was named Sus scrofa in 1758.
Fore-teeth : indefinite numbers on the sides, always have one extra canine
Nose : elongate, used to dig
Food : digs out juicy roots and vermin
Sus (
pigs )
The
Brazilian three-banded armadillo was given the names Dasypus tricinctus & Dasypus quadricinctus .
Dasypus (
armadillos )
Erinaceus (
hedgehogs )
Talpa (
moles )
Sorex (
shrews )
Didelphis (
opossums )
Glires
The
Indian rhinoceros , Rhinoceros unicornis was placed in the order Glires due to the fact that the animal's incisors resembled those of rodents.
[6]
Fore-teeth : cutting, 2 in each jaw
Tusks : none
Feet : with claws formed for running and bounding
Food : bark, roots, vegetables, etc, which they gnaw
Rhinoceros (
rhinoceroses )
Hystrix (
porcupines )
Lepus (
rabbits &
hares )
Castor (
beavers )
The
southern flying squirrel was named Mus volans in 1758.
Mus (
mice & kin)
The
Siberian flying squirrel was named Sciurus volans in 1758.
Sciurus (
squirrels )
Pecora
Fore-teeth : no upper, lower cutting, many
Feet : hoofed, cloven
Food : herbs which they pluck, chews the cud
Stomach : 4:
the paunch to macerate and ruminate the food
the bonnet , reticulate, to receive it,
the omasus , or maniplies of numerous folds to digest it,
and the abomasus' , or caille, fasciate, to give it acescency and prevent putrefaction
Camelus (
camels )
Moschus (
musk deer )
Cervus (
deer &
giraffes )
Capra (
goats &
antelope )
Ovis (
sheep )
Bos (
cattle )
Belluae
The
hippopotamus , Hippopotamus amphibius , was named in 1758.
Fore-teeth : obtuse
Feet : hoofed
Motion : heavy
Food : gathering vegetables
Equus (
horses )
Hippopotamus (
hippopotamuses )
Cete
Fins : pectoral instead of feet
Tail : horizontal, flattened
Claws : none
Hair : none
Teeth : in some cartilaginous, in some bony
Nostrils : none, instead of which is a fistulous opening in the anterior and upper part of the head
Food : mollusca & fish
Habitation : the ocean
Monodon (
narwhals )
Balaena (
baleen whales )
Physeter (
sperm whales )
Physeter catodon , Physeter macrocephalus , Physeter miscrops & Physeter tursio –
sperm whale
[14]
Delphinus (
dolphins &
porpoises )
References
^
a
b
c
"Carolius Linnaeus and his names for Primates" . Darwiniana. Retrieved August 10, 2010 .
^ Bernard Wood & Mark Collard (1999). "The changing face of genus Homo ".
Evolutionary Anthropology . 8 (6): 195–207.
doi :
10.1002/(SICI)1520-6505(1999)8:6<195::AID-EVAN1>3.0.CO;2-2 .
S2CID
86768101 .
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
o Anthea Gentry, Juliet Clutton-Brock, Colin P. Groves (2004). "The naming of wild animal species and their domestic derivatives".
Journal of Archaeological Science . 31 (5): 645–651.
doi :
10.1016/j.jas.2003.10.006 . {{
cite journal }}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link )
^ Jay Butfiloski & Tom Swaygnham.
"Eastern Spotted Skunk Spilogale putorius" (PDF) .
South Carolina Department of Natural Resources . Retrieved August 9, 2010 .
^
a
b Alfred L. Gardner (2008). Marsupials, Xenarthrans, Shrews, and Bats . Volume 1 of Mammals of South America.
University of Chicago Press .
ISBN
978-0-226-28240-4 .
^ Casey, Thomas Lincoln; Ingen, Gilbert Van; Poor, Charles Lane; Hovey, Edmund Otis; Tower, Ralph Winfred (1908).
"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences" .
^
a
b
c Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (2005). Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference, Volume 1 (3rd ed.).
Johns Hopkins University Press .
ISBN
978-0-8018-8221-0 .
^ Cuvier, Georges Baron (1827).
"The Animal Kingdom: The class Mammalia" .
^
"Glaucomys volans (Linnaeus, 1758)" .
Integrated Taxonomic Information System .
^ Samuel N. Rhoades (1894). "Appendix".
A reprint of the North American zoology by George Ord . pp. 1–51.
^
http://www.vocabularyserver.com/mammals/index.php?tema=14200776
^
http://www.vocabularyserver.com/mammals/index.php?tema=14200825&/aries
^ W. Perrin (2009). W. F. Perrin (ed.).
"Balaenoptera physalus (Linnaeus, 1758)" . World Cetacea Database .
World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved August 9, 2010 .
^ W. Perrin (2009). W. F. Perrin (ed.).
"Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus, 1758" . World Cetacea Database .
World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved August 9, 2010 .
Category:Systema Naturae
Systema Naturae, Mammalia
Aves
Information
In the 10th edition of Systema Naturae ,
Carl Linnaeus listed the 564 species of bird from around the world which were known to him at the time.
[1] There are now believed to be around 10,000 extant species.
[2]
[3] Linnaeus described the class
Aves as:
[4]
A beautiful and cheerful portion of created nature consisting of animals having a body covered with feathers and down; protracted and naked jaws (the beak), two wings formed for flight, and two feet. They are areal, vocal, swift and light, and destitute of external ears, lips, teeth, scrotum, womb, bladder, epiglottis, corpus callosum and its arch, and diaphragm.
Linnaean Characteristics
[4]
Heart : 2 auricles, 2 ventricles. Warm, dark red blood
Lungs : respires alternately
Jaw : incombent, naked, extended, without teeth
Eggs : covered with a calcareous shell
Organs of Sense : tongue, nostrils, eyes, and ears without auricles
Covering : incumbent, imbricate feathers
Supports : 2 feet, 2 wings; and a heart-shaped rump. Flies in the Air & Sings
Linnaeus divided the birds based upon the characters of the bill and feet.
[5]
Accipitres
The
Turkey Vulture was named Vultur aura in 1758.
Vultur (
vultures &
condors )
The
Swallow-tailed Kite was named Falco forficatus in 1758.
The
Snowy Owl was named Strix scandiaca and Strix nyctea in 1758.
Falco (
falcons ,
eagles , & kin)
Strix (
owls )
The
Eastern Kingbird was named Lanius tyrannus in 1758.
Lanius (
shrikes )
Picae
The
African Grey Parrot , Psittacus erithacus , is the only species to remain in the genus Psittacus .
Psittacus (
parrots )
Ramphastos (
Toucans )
[12]
Buceros (
hornbills )
Crotophaga (
anis )
The
Common Raven was named Corvus corax in 1758.
Corvus (
crows &
ravens )
Coracias (
rollers &
orioles )
The
Common Hill Myna was named Gracula religiosa in 1758.
Gracula (
mynas )
Paradisea (
birds-of-paradise )
The
Yellow-billed Cuckoo was named Cuculus americanus in 1758.
Cuculus (
cuckoos )
Jynx (
wrynecks )
Picus (
woodpeckers )
The
Eurasian Nuthatch was named Sitta europaea in 1758.
Sitta (
nuthatches )
Alcedo (
kingfishers )
Merops (
bee-eaters )
The
Hoopoe , Upupa epops , is now the only species in the genus Upupa and the family Upupidae.
Upupa (
hoopoes )
Certhia (
treecreepers )
The
Ruby-throated Hummingbird was named Trochilus colubris in 1758.
Trochilus (
hummingbirds )
Anseres
The
King Eider was named Anas spectabilis in 1758.
The
Eurasian Wigeon was named Anas penelope in 1758.
Anas (
ducks ,
geese , &
swans )
Mergus (
mergansers )
The
Little Auk was named Alca alle in 1758.
Alca (
auks )
Procellaria (
petrels )
The
African Penguin was named Diomedea demersus in 1758.
Diomedea (
albatrosses &
penguins )
Pelecanus (
pelicans & kin)
Phaethon (
tropicbirds )
The
Horned Grebe , or Slavonian Grebe, was named Colymbus auritus in 1758.
Colymbus (
grebes &
loons )
[Note 3]
Larus (
gulls )
Sterna (
terns )
Rhyncops (
skimmers )
Grallae
The
American Flamingo was named Phoenicopterus ruber in 1758.
Phoenicopterus (
flamingoes )
Platalea (
spoonbills )
Mycteria (
storks )
Tantalus
Tantalus loculator – the "Wood Ibis", a synonym for the
Wood Stork
[18]
Ardea (
herons ,
cranes & kin)
Scolopax (
godwits ,
ibises & kin)
The
Bar-tailed Godwit was named Scolopax lapponica in 1758.
Tringa (
phalaropes and
sandpipers )
The
Ruff (shown here in breeding plumage) was named Tringa pugnax in 1758.
Charadrius (
plovers )
The
European Golden Plover was named Charadrius apricarius and Charadrius pluvialis in 1758.
Recurvirostra (
avocets )
Haematopus (
oystercatchers )
Fulica (
coots & kin)
Rallus (
rails )
Psophia (
Trumpeters )
Otis (
bustards )
Struthio (
ratites )
Gallinae
Pavo (
peafowl )
Meleagris (
turkeys )
Crax (
curassows )
Phasianus (
pheasants &
chickens )
Tetrao (
grouse & kin)
Passeres
Columba (
pigeons &
doves )
Alauda (
larks &
pipits )
Sturnus (
starlings )
Turdus (
thrushes & kin)
Loxia (
cardinals ,
bullfinches & kin)
Emberiza (
buntings )
Fringilla (
finches & kin)
Motacilla (
wagtails )
Parus (
tits &
manakins )
Hirundo (
swallows &
swifts )
Caprimulgus (
nightjars )
Notes
^ The current names of all Linnaeus' Simia species are taken from Darwiniana.
[1]
^ The current names of all Linnaeus' Lemur species are taken from Darwiniana.
[1]
^ The genus Colymbus was mis-spelt "Columbus " in the list of bird genera on p. 84, but appears as Colymbus elsewhere.
^
a
b Linnaeus mixed the two species Turdus iliacus and Turdus musicus in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae . Under Turdus iliacus , he gave a description of the
Song Thrush , but cited references referring to the
Redwing ; under Turdus musicus , he gave a description of the Redwing, but cited referenced referring to the Song Thrush. The confusion was partly clarified in the 1766 12th edition. The name Turdus musicus was suppressed after a 1957 appeal to the
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature by
Ernst Mayr and
Charles Vaurie .
[25]
References
^
Ernst Mayr (1946).
"The number of species of birds" (PDF) .
The Auk . 63 (1): 64–69.
doi :
10.2307/4079907 .
JSTOR
4079907 .
^
James F. Clements (2007).
The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World (6th ed.). Ithaca, NY:
Cornell University Press .
ISBN
978-0-8014-4501-9 .
^
Frank Gill (2006). Birds of the World: Recommended English Names . Princeton, NJ:
Princeton University Press .
ISBN
978-0-691-12827-6 .
^
a
b
Carl von Linné , translated by
William Turton (1806).
Volume 1 . A general system of nature: through the three grand kingdoms of animals, vegetables, and minerals, systematically divided into their several classes, orders, genera, species, and varieties. London: Lackington, Allen, and Co.
^ Sibley & Ahlquist (1990)
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
o
p
q
r
s
t
u
v
w
x
y
z
aa
ab
ac
ad
ae
af
ag
ah
ai
aj
ak
al W. L. McAtee (1957).
"The North American birds of Linnaeus" .
Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History . 3 : 291–300.
doi :
10.3366/jsbnh.1957.3.Part_5.291 .
^ Chernelházi Chernél István, ed. (1918).
Nomenclator Avium Regni Hungariae / A Magyar Birodalom Madarainak Névjegyzéke (PDF) (in Hungarian). Budapest: Officium Regium Hungaricum Ornithologicum / M. Kir. Ornithologiae Központ.
^
"Early Works on Ohio Birds by J. P. Kirtland" (PDF) .
The Ohio Cardinal . 24 (4): 189–212.
^
"Laughing Falcon, Herpetotheres cachinnans " . World Bird Info . Retrieved October 1, 2010 .
^ Richard C. Banks & M. Ralph Browning (1995).
"Comments on the status of revived old names for some North American birds" (PDF) .
The Auk . 112 (3): 633–648.
^
"Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" . 1914.
^ James L. Peters (1930). "The identity of the toucans described by Linnaeus in the 10th and 12th editions of the Systema Naturae".
The Auk . 47 (3): 405–408.
doi :
10.2307/4075491 .
JSTOR
4075491 .
^
Biswamoy Biswas (1961).
"Proposal to designate a neotype for Corvus benghalensis Linnaeus, 1758 (Aves), under the plenary powers Z.N. (S) 1465" .
Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature . 18 (3): 217–219.
^ James L. Peters (1921). "A review of the grackles of the genus Holoquiscalus ".
The Auk . 38 (3): 435–453.
doi :
10.2307/4073768 .
JSTOR
4073768 .
^ "Sturnidae".
Check-list of North American Birds (PDF) (7th ed.).
American Ornithologists' Union . 1998. pp. 523–524.
ISBN
1-891276-00-X .
^ H. E. Strickland, J. S. Henslow, J. Phillips, W. E. Shuckard, J. B. Richardson, G. R. Waterhouse, R. Owen, W. Yarrell, L. Jenyns, C. Darwin, W. J. Broderip & J. O. Westwood (1843). "Series of propositions for rendering the nomenclature of zoology uniform and permanent, being a report of a Committee for the consideration of the subject appointed by the British Association for the Advancement of Science".
Annals and Magazine of Natural History . 11 : 259–275. {{
cite journal }}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link ) Cited in: Alessandro Minelli (2008).
"Zoological vs. botanical nomenclature: a forgotten 'BioCode' experiment from the times of the Strickland Code" (PDF) .
Zootaxa . 1950 : 21–38.
doi :
10.11646/zootaxa.1950.1.5 .
^ Denis Lepage.
"Jackass Penguin (Spheniscus demersus ) (Linnaeus, 1758)" . AviBase . Retrieved August 31, 2010 .
^
"The Auk" . 1908.
^ John Penhallurick.
"White Ibis" . World Bird Info . Retrieved November 13, 2010 .
^ John Penhallurick.
"Common Greenshank" . World Bird Info . Retrieved November 13, 2010 .
^ John Penhallurick.
"Bar-tailed Godwit" . World Bird Info . Retrieved November 13, 2010 .
^ John Penhallurick.
"Common Redshank" . World Bird Info . Retrieved November 13, 2010 .
^ John Penhallurick.
"Common Greenshank" . World Bird Info . Retrieved November 13, 2010 .
^ John Penhallurick.
"European Golden-Plover" . World Bird Info . Retrieved November 13, 2010 .
^ Ernst Mayr & Charles Vaurie (1957).
"Proposed use of the plenary powers to suppress the specific name "musicus " Linnaeus, 1758, as published in the combination "Turdus musicus " and to approve a neotype for "Turdus iliacus " Linnaeus, 1758, the Eurasian redwing (class Aves)" .
Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature . 13 (6): 177–181.
doi :
10.5962/bhl.part.3552 .
^ Richard C. Banks & M. Ralph Browning (1995).
"Comments on the status of revived old names for some North American birds" (PDF) .
The Auk . 112 (3): 633–648.
^
C. E. Hellmayr (1917).
"Drei Beiträge zur Nomenklatur der Vögel Europas. Eine kritische Würdigung" . Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern . 13 (1): 87–104.
ISBN
9781113224538 .
Category:Systema Naturae
Systema Naturae, Aves
Amphibia
Information
In the 10th edition of Systema Naturae ,
Carl Linnaeus described the
Amphibia as:
[1]
Animals that are distinguished by a body cold and generally naked; stern and expressive countenance; harsh voice; mostly lurid color; filthy odor; a few are furnished with a horrid poison; all have cartilaginous bones, slow circulation, exquisite sight and hearing, large pulmonary vessels, lobate liver, oblong thick stomach, and cystic, hepatic, and pancreatic ducts: they are deficient in diaphragm, do not transpire (sweat), can live a long time without food, are tenatious of life, and have the power of reproducing parts which have been destroyed or lost; some undergo a metamorphosis; some cast (shed) their skin; some appear to live promiscuously on land or in the water, and some are torpid during the winter.
Linnaean Characteristics
[1]
Heart : 1 auricle, 1 ventricle. Cold, dark red blood
Lungs : breaths uncertainly
Jaw : incumbent
Penis : (frequently) double
Eggs : (usually) membranaceous
Organs of Sense : tongue, nostrils, eyes, ears
Covering : a naked skin
Supports : various, in some none. Creeps in Warm Places & Hisses
Linnaeus often regarded reptiles within the amphibian class because living in Sweden, he often noticed that the local reptiles (examples include the
common adder and
grass snake ) would hunt and be active in the water.
In the 10th edition of Systema Naturae , Linnaeus included several species of fishes (that do not belong the superclass
Osteichthyes ) into the amphibian class. It was not until later on that he would merge them into the Fish class and give them their own new order "Chondropterygious", defining them as species with cartilaginous gills .
Linnaeus divided the amphibians based upon the limb structures and the way they breathed.
[2]
Reptiles
The
European pond turtle was named Testudo orbicularis and Testudo lutaria in 1758.
Testudo (
turtles &
tortoises )
Draco (
gliding lizards )
The
Carolina anole was named Lacerta principalis in 1758.
The
Sand Lizard was named Lacerta agilis in 1758.
The
Smooth Newt was named Lacerta vulgaris , Lacerta palustris and Lacerta aquatica in 1758.
The Common Chameleon,
Chamaeleo chamaeleon , was named Lacerta chameleon in 1758.
Lacerta (
terrestrial lizards ,
salamanders , &
crocodilians )
Lacerta crocodilus – Caiman crocodilus ,
Spectacled Caiman
[5]
Lacerta caudiverbera – [fictitious]
[5]
Lacerta superciliosa –
Uranoscodon superciliosa
[5]
Lacerta scutata –
Lyriocephalus scutatus
[5]
Lacerta monitor – [rejected]
[5]
Lacerta principalis –
Carolina Anole
[6]
Lacerta bicarinata –
Neusticurus bicarinatus
[5]
Lacerta palustris , Lacerta vulgaris , & Lacerta aquatica – Lissotriton vulgaris ,
Smooth Newt
[5]
Lacerta cordylus –
Cordylus cordylus
[5]
Lacerta stellio –
Laudakia stellio
[5]
Lacerta mauritanica –
Tarentola mauritanica , European Common Gecko
[5]
Lacerta azurea –
Uracentron azureum
[5]
Lacerta turcica – Hemidactylus turcicus ,
Mediterranean house gecko
[5]
Lacerta ameiva – Ameiva ameiva ,
Giant Ameiva
[5]
Lacerta agilis – Lacerta agilis ,
Sand Lizard
[5]
Lacerta algira – Psammodromus algirus ,
Large Psammodromus
[5]
Lacerta seps –
Tetradactylus seps
[5]
Lacerta angulata –
Alopoglossus angulatus
[5]
[7]
Lacerta chamaeleon –
Chamaeleo chamaeleon , Common Chameleon
[5]
Lacerta salamandra –
Fire Salamander
[5]
Lacerta gecko – Gekko gecko ,
Tokay gecko
[5]
Lacerta scincus –
Scincus scincus , Sandfish
[5]
Lacerta hispida –
Agama hispida
[5]
Lacerta orbicularis – Phrynosoma orbiculare ,
Mexican Plateau Horned Lizard
[5]
Lacerta basiliscus – Basiliscus basiliscus ,
Common basilisk
[5]
Lacerta iguana – Iguana iguana ,
Green Iguana
[5]
Lacerta calotes –
Calotes calotes , Common Green Forest Lizard
[5]
Lacerta agama –
Agama agama , Rock Agama
[5]
Lacerta umbra –
Plica umbra
[5]
Lacerta plica –
Plica plica
[5]
Lacerta marmorata –
Polychrus marmorata
[5]
Lacerta bullaris –
Jamaican Giant Anole
[8] ?
Lacerta strumosa – [
nomen oblitum ] for
Anolis lineatus Daudin, 1802
[5]
Lacerta teguixin – Tupinambis teguixin ,
Gold tegu
[5]
Lacerta aurata
Lacerta punctata –
Lygosoma punctatum
[5]
Lacerta lemniscata – Cnemidophorus lemniscatus ,
Rainbow Whiptail
[5]
Lacerta fasciata –
Plestiodon fasciatus , Five-lined Skink
[5]
Lacerta lineata –
Gymnophthalmus lineatus
[5]
Lacerta chalcides –
Chalcides chalcides , Three-toed Skink
[5]
Lacerta anguina – Chamaesaura anguina ,
Cape Grass Lizard
[5]
The
Common Frog was named Rana temporaria in 1758.
Rana (
frogs &
toads )
[Note 1]
Rana pipa – Pipa pipa ,
Suriname Toad
Rana bufo , Rana rubeta , & Rana ventricosa – Bufo bufo ,
Common Toad
Rana gibbosa – Breviceps gibbosus ,
Cape Rain Frog
Rana variegata – Bombina variegata ,
yellow-bellied toad
Rana marina – Bufo marinus ,
cane toad
Rana typhonia – [
nomen oblitum ] for
Hoplobatrachus tigerinus (Daudin, 1802) , Indian bullfrog
[9]
Rana ocellata –
Leptodactylus ocellatus
Rana cornuta – Ceratophrys cornuta ,
Surinam horned frog
Rana marginata – [
nomen dubium
Rana paradoxa –
Pseudis paradoxa , paradoxical frog
Rana temporaria – Rana temporaria ,
Common Frog , and Rana arvalis ,
Moor Frog
Rana esculenta – Rana esculenta ,
Edible Frog
Rana arborea & Rana hyla – Hyla arborea ,
European tree frog
Rana boans –
Hypsiboas boans
Serpentes
[Note 2]
The South American Rattlesnake was named
Crotalus durissus in 1758.
Crotalus (
rattlesnakes )
Boa (
boas )
Vipera ammodytes was named Coluber ammodytes in 1758.
Vipera berus was named Coluber berus in 1758.
Vipera aspis was named Coluber aspis in 1758.
The
northern water snake , Nerodia sepodon , was named Coluber sepodon in 1758.
Lycodon aulicus was named Coluber aulicus in 1758.
The
Indian cobra was named Coluber naja in 1758.
Leptophis ahaetulla was named Coluber ahaetulla in 1758.
Coluber (
racers ,
vipers &
cobras )
Coluber vipera –
Cerastes vipera
Coluber atropos –
Bitis atropos
Coluber leberis – [suppressed]
[10]
Coluber lutrix –
Duberria lutrix
Coluber calamarius –
Oligodon calamarius
Coluber constrictor –
Coluber constrictor
Coluber ammodytes –
Vipera ammodytes
Coluber cerastes –
Cerastes cerastes
Coluber plicatilis –
Pseudoeryx plicatilis
Coluber domicella –
Liophis poecilogyris
Coluber alidras – perhaps
Helicops angulatus
Coluber buccatus –
Homalopsis buccata
Coluber angulatus –
Helicops angulatus
Coluber berus & Coluber chersea –
Vipera berus
Coluber caeruleus – [
nomen dubium
Coluber albus –
Brachyorrhus albus
Coluber aspis –
Vipera aspis
Coluber typhlus –
Liophis typhlus
Coluber lebetinus –
Macrovipera lebetina
Coluber melanocephalus –
Tantilla melanocephala
Coluber cobella –
Liophis cobella
Coluber reginae –
Leimadophis reginae
Coluber severus –
Xenodon severus
Coluber aurora –
Lamprophis aurora
Coluber sipedon – Nerodia sipedon ,
northern water snake
Coluber maurus –
Natrix maura
Coluber stolatus –
Amphiesma stolatum , buff-striped keelback
Coluber vittatus –
Xenochrophis vittatus , striped keelback
Coluber miliaris –
Liophis miliaris
Coluber rhombeatus –
Psamnophylax rhombeatus
Coluber cyaneus – [
nomen dubium
Coluber natrix – Natrix natrix ,
grass snake
Coluber aesculapii & Coluber agilis –
Erythrolamprus aesculapii
Coluber lacteus –
Homoroselaps lacteus
Coluber aulicus –
Lycodon aulicus , Indian wolf snake
Coluber monilis – [
nomen dubium
Coluber pallidus –
Thamnodynastes pallidus
Coluber lineatus –
Liophis lineatus
Coluber naja – Naja naja ,
Indian cobra
Coluber padera – [
nomen dubium
Coluber canus – Pseudaspis cana ,
mole snake
[11]
Coluber sibilans –
Psamnophis sibilans
Coluber laticaudatus –
Laticauda laticauda
Coluber sirtalis – Thamnophis sirtalis ,
common garter snake
Coluber atrox –
Bothrops atrox
Coluber sibon & Coluber nebulatus –
Sibon nebulata , clouded snake
Coluber fuscus & Coluber saturninus –
Chironius fuscus
Coluber candidus –
Bungarus candidus
Coluber niveus – Naja haje ,
Egyptian cobra
Coluber scaber – Dasypeltis scabra ,
common egg-eater
Coluber carinatus –
Chironius carinatus , machete savane
Coluber corallinus –
Liophis triscalis
Coluber ovivorus – perhaps Elaphe vulpina ,
fox snake
Coluber exoletus –
Chironius exoletus
Coluber situla – Zamenis situla ,
European ratsnake
Coluber triscalis –
Liophis triscalis
Coluber lemniscatus –
Micrurus lemniscatus
Coluber annulatus –
Leptodeira annulata , machete savane
Coluber dipsas – [
nomen dubium
Coluber pelias – Chrysopelea pelias ,
banded flying snake
Coluber tyria – [
nomen dubium
Coluber jugularis –
Coluber jugularis
Coluber petola –
Oxyrhopus petola
Coluber molurus –
Python molurus
Coluber ahaetulla –
Leptophis ahaetulla
Coluber petolarius –
Oxyrhopus petola
Coluber haje – Naja haje ,
Egyptian cobra
Coluber filiformis – [
nomen dubium
Coluber pullatus –
Spilotes pullatus , tigre
Coluber hippocrepis – Hemorrhois hippocrepis ,
horseshoe whip snake
Coluber minervae –
Liophis lineatus
Coluber cinereus – perhaps
Liophis cobella
Coluber viridissimus –
Philodryas viridissimus
Coluber mucosus –
Ptyas mucosus
Coluber cenchoa –
Imantodes cenchoa
Coluber mycterizans –
Ahaetulla mycterizans
Coluber caerulescens – [
nomen dubium
Coluber arges – [mythical]
The slowworm was named
Anguis fragilis in 1758.
Anguis (
slowworms &
worm snakes )
The red worm lizard was named
Amphisbaena alba in 1758.
Amphisbaena (
worm lizards )
Caecilia (
caecilians )
Nantes
The
European river lamprey was named Petromyzon fluviatilis and Petromyzon branchialis in 1758.
Petromyzon (
lampreys )
Raja (
rays )
The
spiny dogfish was named Squalus acanthias in 1758.
Squalus (
sharks )
The
suckermouth catfish was named Acipenser plecostomus in 1758.
Chimaera (
ratfishes )
Lophius (
anglerfishes )
Acipenser (
sturgeons )
Notes
^ Except for Rana marginata , the modern identities of all Linnaeus' names in Rana are taken from Kitchell & Dundee (1994).
[5]
^ The modern identities of all Linnaeus' Serpentes taxa (genera Crotalus , Boa (except Boa scytale ), Coluber , Anguis , Amphisbaena and Caecilia ) are taken from Kitchell & Dundee (1994).
[5]
References
^
a
b
Carl von Linné (Translated from
GMELIN 'S last Edition of the Celebrated SYSTEMA NATURAE, ... AMENDED AND ENLARGED BY THE IMPROVEMENTS AND DISCOVERIES OF LATER NATURALISTS AND SOCIETIES, ... By
William Turton ) (1800).
Volume 1 . A general system of nature: through the three grand kingdoms of animals, vegetables, and minerals, systematically divided into their several classes, orders, genera, species, and varieties. London: Lackington, Allen, and Co. p. 638.
ISBN
9780598643421 . {{
cite book }}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link )
^
http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/bitstream/10088/8238/1/SHIS_100.pdf
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g Anders G. J. Rhodin, James F. Parham, Peter Paul van Dijk & John B. Iverson (2009). "Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy and Synonymy, 2009 Update, with Conservation Status Summary". In A. G. J. Rhodin, P. P. van Dijk, R. A. Sumure, K. A. Buhlmann, J. B. Iverson & R. A. Mittermeier (ed.).
Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises (PDF) . Vol. 5. pp. 000.39–000.41.
doi :
10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v2.2009 .
ISBN
978-0965354097 . CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link )
^ Anders G. J. Rhodin & John L. Carr (2009).
"A quarter millenium of uses and misuses of the turtle name Testudo scabra : identification of the type specimens of T. scabra Linnaeus 1758 (= Rhinoclemmys punctularia ) and T. scripta Thunberg in Schoepff 1792 (= Trachemys scripta scripta )" (PDF) .
Zootaxa . 2226 : 1–18.
doi :
10.11646/zootaxa.2226.1.1 .
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
o
p
q
r
s
t
u
v
w
x
y
z
aa
ab
ac
ad
ae
af
ag
ah
ai
aj
ak
al
am
an Kenneth Kitchell, Jr. & Harold A. Dundee (1994).
"A trilogy on the herpetology of Linnaeus's Systema Naturae X" (PDF) .
Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service . 100 : 1–61.
^
"Anolis carolinensis Voigt, 1832'" at the
Encyclopedia of Life
^ Marinus Steven Hoogmoed & Jean Lescure (1975).
"An annotated checklist of the lizards of French Guinea, mainly based on two recent collections" (
PDF ) .
Zoologische Mededelingen . 49 (13): 141–171.
^ Anthony P. Russell & Aaron M. Bauer (1991). "Anolis garmani ".
Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (PDF) .
^
"Bufo typhonius (Linnaeus, 1758)" .
Integrated Taxonomic Information System . Retrieved November 9, 2010 .
^
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1962).
"Opinion 623: Regina Baird & Girard, 1853 (Reptilia): designation of a type-species under the plenary powers" .
Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature . 19 (3): 145–147.
^
Arthur Loveridge (1929).
"East African Reptiles and Amphibians in the United States National Museum" .
Bulletin of the United States National Museum . 151 : 1–135.
Category:Systema Naturae
Systema Naturae, Amphibia
Pisces
Information
In the 10th edition of Systema Naturae ,
Carl Linnaeus described the
Pisces as:
[1]
Always inhabiting the waters; are swift in their motion and voracious in their appetites. They breathe by means of gills, which are generally united by a bony arch; swim by means of radiate fins, and are mostly covered over with cartilaginous scales. Besides they parts they have in common with other animals, they are furnished with a nictitant membrane, and most of them with an swim-blader, by the contraction or dilatation of which, they can raise or sink themselves in their element at pleasure.
Linnaean Characteristics
[1]
Heart : 1 auricle, 1 ventricle. Cold, dark red blood
Gills : external
Jaw : incumbent
Penis : (usually) none
Eggs : without whites
Organs of Sense : tongue, nostrils?, eyes, ears
Covering : imbricate scales
Supports : fins. Swims in the Water & Smacks.
Apodes
The
European eel was named Muraena angvilla in 1758.
Muraena (
eels )
Gymnotus (
electric knifefishes )
Trichiurus (
cutlassfishes )
The
seawolf was named Anarhichas lupus in 1758.
Anarhichas (
wolffishes )
Ammodytes (
sand eels )
Stromateus (
butterfishes )
Xiphias (
swordfishes )
Jugulares
Callionymus (
dragonets )
Uranoscopus (
stargazers )
Trachinus (
weevers )
The
Atlantic cod was named Gadus morhua & Gadus callarias in 1758.
Gadus (
cod & kin)
The
butterfly blenny was named Blennius ocellaris in 1758.
Blennius (
blennies )
Ophidion (
cusk-wels )
Thoracici
Cyclopterus (
Lumpfishes )
Echeneis (
Remoras )
Coryphaena (
Dolphinfishes )
The
black goby was named Gobius niger & Gobius jozo in 1758.
Gobius (
Gobies )
Cottus (
Sculpins )
Scorpaena (
Scorpionfishes )
The
lookdown was named Zeus vomer in 1758.
Zeus (
John Dories & kin)
The
European plaice was named Pleuronectes platessa in 1758.
Pleuronectes (
Flatfishes )
The
Moorish idol was named Chaetodon canescens & Chaetodon cornutus in 1758.
Chaetodon (
Butterflyfishes ,
Angelfishes , & kin)
The
red porgy was named Sparus orphus & Sparus pagrus in 1758.
Sparus (
Breams and Porgies )
The
goldsinny wrasse was named Labrus suillus & Labrus rupestris in 1758.
Labrus (
Wrasses ,
Parrotfishes , & kin)
Sciaena (
Snappers &
Croakers )
The
European perch was named Perca fluviatilis in 1758.
Perca (
Perch ,
Grouper , & kin)
The
red lionfish was named Gasterosteus volitans in 1758.
The
flying gurnard was named Gasterosteus spinarella & Trigla volitans in 1758.
Gasterosteus (
Sticklebacks & kin)
The
Atlantic mackerel was named Scomber scombrus in 1758.
Scomber (
Mackerel &
Tuna )
The red mullet was named
Mullus surmuletus in 1758.
Mullus (
Goatfishes )
Trigla (
Sea robins )
Abdominales
Cobitis (
Loaches )
The
walking catfish was named Silurus batrachus in 1758.
Silurus (
Catfishes )
Loricaria (
Suckermouth Catfishes )
The
Atlantic salmon was named Salmo salar in 1758.
The
brown trout was named Salmo eriox , Salmo trutta , Salmo fario & Salmo lacustris in 1758.
Salmo (
Salmon ,
Trout , & kin)
Fistularia (
Cornetfishes )
The
longnose gar was named Esox osseus in 1758.
Esox (
Pike ,
Gar , and kin)
Argentina (
Herring smelts )
Atherina (
Silversides )
Mugil (
Mullet )
Exocoetus (
Flying fishes )
Polynemus (
Threadfins )
The
European anchovy was named Clupea encrasicolus in 1758.
Clupea (
Herring ,
Hatchetfishes , & kin)
The
common carp was named Cyprinus carpio in 1758.
Cyprinus (
Carp & kin)
Branchiostegi
The
queen triggerfish was named Balistes vetula in 1758.
Mormyrus (
Elephantfishes )
Balistes (
Triggerfishes )
The
yellow boxfish was named Ostracion tuberculatus & Ostracion cubicus in 1758.
Ostracion (
Boxfishes & Cowfishes )
Tetrodon (
Pufferfishes &
Sunfishes )
The
long-spine porcupinefish was named Diodon holocanthus in 1758.
Diodon (
Porcupinefishes )
Centriscus (
Shrimpfishes )
Syngnathus (
Pipefishes &
Seahorses )
Pegasus (
Seamoths )
References
^
a
b
Carl von Linné , translated by
William Turton (1806).
Volume 1 . A general system of nature: through the three grand kingdoms of animals, vegetables, and minerals, systematically divided into their several classes, orders, genera, species, and varieties. London: Lackington, Allen, and Co.
Category:Systema Naturae
Systema Naturae, Pisces
Category:Obsolete taxonomic groups
Insecta
Information
In the 10th edition of Systema Naturae ,
Carl Linnaeus classified the
arthropods , including
insects ,
arachnids and
crustaceans , among his class "Insecta". He described the
Insecta as:
[1]
A very numerous and various class consisting of small animals, breathing through lateral spiracles, armed on all sides with a bony skin, or covered with hair; furnished with many feet, and moveable antennae (or horns), which project from the head, and are the probable instruments of sensation.
Linnaean Characteristics
[1]
Heart : 1 auricle, 0 ventricles. Cold, puss-like blood.
Spiracles : lateral pores
Jaw : lateral
Penis : penetrates
Organs of Sense : tongue, eyes, antennae on head, no brain, no ears, no nostrils
Covering : a bony coat of mail
Supports : feet, and in some, wings. Skips on Dry Ground & Buzzes
Orders
Scarabaeus hercules (now
Dynastes hercules ) was the first species in Linnaeus' class "Insecta".
Linnaeus divided the class Insecta into seven orders, based chiefly on the form of the
wings . He also provided a
key to the orders:
[2]
wings covered with flat scales:
Lepidoptera
wings membranous
Despite this key, however, Linnaeus grouped insects together that shared other affinities. His genus Coccus , containing the
scale insects , he placed among the 4-winged Hemiptera, along with
aphids and other plant-attacking insects, even though females have no wings, and males have two wings.
[2] Similarly, the sheep ked Hippobosca ovina (now
Melophagus ovinus ) was correctly placed among the Diptera, despite being wingless.
[2]
Genera
Coleoptera : Scarabaeus (
scarab beetles ), Dermestes (
larder beetles ), Hister (
clown beetles ), Attelabus (
leaf-rolling weevils ), Curculio (
true weevils ), Silpha (
carrion beetles ), Coccinella (
ladybirds or ladybugs ), Cassida (
tortoise beetles ), Chrysomela (
leaf beetles ), Meloe (
blister beetles ), Tenebrio (
darkling beetles ), Mordella (
tumbling flower beetles ), Staphylinus (
rove beetles ), Cerambyx (
longhorn beetles ), Cantharis (
soldier beetles ), Elater (
click beetles ), Cicindela (
ground beetles ), Buprestis (
jewel beetles ), Dytiscus (
Dytiscidae ),
Carabus , Necydalis (
necydaline beetles ), Forficula (
earwigs ), Blatta (
cockroaches ) & Gryllus (other
orthopteroid insects)
Hemiptera : Cicada (
cicadas ), Notonecta (
backswimmers ), Nepa (
water scorpions ), Cimex (
bedbugs ), Aphis (
aphids ), Chermes (
woolly aphids ), Coccus (
scale insects ) & Thrips (
thrips )
Lepidoptera : Papilio (
butterflies ), Sphinx (
hawk moths ), Phalaena (
moths )
Neuroptera : Libellula (
dragonflies &
damselflies ), Ephemera (
mayflies ), Phryganea (
caddisflies ), Hemerobius (
lacewings ), Panorpa (
scorpionflies ) & Raphidia (
snakeflies )
Hymenoptera : Cynips (
Gall wasps ), Tentheredo (
sawflies , Ichneumon (
ichneumon wasps ), Sphex (
digger wasps ), Vespa (
hornets ), Apis (
bees ), Formica (
ants ) & Mutella (
velvet ants )
Diptera : Oesyrus (
botflies ), Tipula (
crane flies ), Musca (
house flies ), Tabanus (
horse flies ), Culex (
mosquitoes ), Empis (
dance flies ), Conops (
thick-headed flies ), Asilus (
robber flies ), Bombylius (
bee flies ) & Hippobosca (
louse flies )
Aptera : Lepisma (
silverfish ), Podura (
springtails ), Termes (
termite )s, Pediculus (
lice ), Pulex (
fleas ), Acarus (
mites &
ticks ), Phalangium (
harvestmen ), Aranea (
spiders ), Scorpio (
scorpions ), Cancer (
crabs ,
lobsters and kin), Monoculus (
water fleas & kin), Oniscus (
woodlice ), Scolopendra (
centipedes ) & Julus (
millipedes )
References
^
a
b
Carl von Linné , translated by
William Turton (1806).
Volume 1 . A general system of nature: through the three grand kingdoms of animals, vegetables, and minerals, systematically divided into their several classes, orders, genera, species, and varieties. London: Lackington, Allen, and Co.
^
a
b
c Mary P. Winsor (1976). "The development of Linnaean insect classification".
Taxon . 25 (1): 57–67.
doi :
10.2307/1220406 .
JSTOR
1220406 .
Category:Systema Naturae
Systema Naturae, Insecta
Coeloptera
Information
In the 10th edition of Systema Naturae ,
Carl Linnaeus classified the
arthropods , including
insects ,
arachnids and
crustaceans , among his class "Insecta". Insects with hardened wing covers (
beetles ,
earwigs and
orthopteroid insects) were brought together under the name Coleoptera .
Strategus aloeus was named Scarabaeus aloeus in 1758.
Geotrupes stercorarius was named Scarabaeus stercorarius in 1758.
Valgus hemipterus was named Scarabaeus hemipterus in 1758.
Cetonia aurata was named Scarabaeus auratus in 1758.
Lucanus cervus was named Scarabaeus cervus in 1758.
Dermestes lardarius –
Dermestes lardarius
Dermestes undatus
Dermestes pellio –
Attagenus pellio , the carpet beetle
Dermestes pectinicornis -
Ptilinus pectinicornis
Dermestes clavicornis
Dermestes pertinax
Dermestes mollis
Dermestes capucinus
Dermestes typographus
Dermestes micrographus
Dermestes poligraphus
Dermestes piniperda –
Tomicus piniperda
Dermestes violaceus
Dermestes fenestralis
Dermestes domesticus
Dermestes melanocephalus
Dermestes murinus
Dermestes pilula
Dermestes scarabaeoides
Dermestes scrophulariae –
Anthrenus scrophulariae
Dermestes pisorum
Dermestes paniceus
Dermestes eustatius
Dermestes stercoreus
Dermestes pedicularius
Dermestes pulicarius
Dermestes psyllius
Dermestes scanicus
Dermestes colon
Dermestes surinamensis
Dermestes hemipterus
Silpha germanica –
Nicrophorus germanicus
Silpha vespillo –
Nicrophorus vespillo
Silpha bipunctata
Silpha quatripunctata
Silpha indica
Silpha americana –
Necrophila americana , the American carrion beetle
Silpha seminulum
Silpha agaricina
Silpha maura
Silpha russica
Silpha littoralis
Silpha atrata –
Phosphuga atrata
Silpha thoracica
Silpha opaca –
Blitophaga opaca
Silpha rugosa
Silpha sabulosa
Silpha obscura
Silpha ferruginea
Silpha grossa
Silpha oblonga
Silpha aquatica
Silpha colon
Silpha depressa
Silpha grisea
Silpha aestiva
Silpha pedicularis
Cassida viridis
Cassida nebulosa
Cassida nobilis
Cassida cruciata
Cassida bifasciata
Cassida flava
Cassida purpurea
Cassida marginata
Cassida reticularis
Cassida variegata
Cassida grossa
Cassida clatrata
Cassida jamaicensis
Cassida cyanea
Cassida inaequalis
Cassida lateralis
Cassida discoides
Cassida petiveriana –
Therea petiveriana
[14]
Coccinella septempunctata was named Coccinella 7-punctata in 1758.
Psyllobora vigintiduopunctata was named Coccinella 22-punctata in 1758.
Halyzia sedecimguttata was named Coccinella 16-guttata in 1758.
Chrysomela göttingensis
Chrysomela tanaceti
Chrysomela haemorrhoidalis
Chrysomela graminis -
Chrysolina graminis , the tansy beetle
Chrysomela aenea
Chrysomela alni -
Agelastica alni
Chrysomela betulae
Chrysomela haemoptera
Chrysomela occidentalis
Chrysomela padi
Chrysomela armoraciae -
Phaedon armoraciae
Chrysomela hypochaeridis
Chrysomela vulgatissima -
Phratora vulgatissima , the blue willow beetle
Chrysomela vitellinae
Chrysomela polygoni -
Gastrophysa polygoni
Chrysomela pallida
Chrysomela staphylaea
Chrysomela polita
Chrysomela clavicornis
Chrysomela populi
Chrysomela viminalis
Chrysomela 10-punctata
Chrysomela lapponica -
Chrysomela lapponica
Chrysomela boleti
Chrysomela collaris
Chrysomela sanguinolenta
Chrysomela marginata
Chrysomela marginella
Chrysomela aestuans
Chrysomela coccinea
Chrysomela philadelphica
Chrysomela americana -
Chrysolina americana
Chrysomela sacra
Chrysomela minuta
Chrysomela oleracea
Chrysomela chrysocephala
Chrysomela hyoscyami
Chrysomela erythrocephala
Chrysomela helxines
Chrysomela exsoleta
Chrysomela nitidula
Chrysomela nemorum
Chrysomela rufipes
Chrysomela holsatica
Chrysomela hemisphaerica
Chrysomela surinamensis
Chrysomela litera
Chrysomela aequinoctialis
Chrysomela tridentata
Chrysomela 4-punctata
Chrysomela 2-punctata
Chrysomela moraei
Chrysomela nitida
Chrysomela sericea -
Plateumaris sericea
Chrysomela coryli
Chrysomela pini
Chrysomela bothnica
Chrysomela cordigera
Chrysomela 6-punctata
Chrysomela 10 maculata
Chrysomela obscura -
Bromius obscurus
Chrysomela merdigera
Chrysomela nymphaeae
Chrysomela caprea
Chrysomela 4-maculata
Chrysomela cyanella
Chrysomela 12-punctata -
Crioceris duodecimpunctata
Chrysomela melanopus -
Oulema melanopus , the cereal leaf beetle
Chrysomela phellandrii
Chrysomela asparagi -
Crioceris asparagi
Chrysomela cerasi -
Orsodacne cerasi
Chrysomela sulphurea
Chrysomela cervina
Chrysomela ceramboides
Chrysomela murina
Chrysomela hirta
Chrysomela inda
Chrysomela elongata
Curculio palmarum
Curculio indus
Curculio hemipterus
Curculio violaceus
Curculio alliariae
Curculio cyaneus
Curculio aterrimus
Curculio cerasi
Curculio acridulus
Curculio purpureus
Curculio frumentarius
Curculio granarius
Curculio dorsalis
Curculio melanocardius
Curculio pini
Curculio rumicis
Curculio lapathi
Curculio cupreus
Curculio scaber
Curculio T.album
Curculio quercus
Curculio arator
Curculio 2-punctatus
Curculio 4-maculatus
Curculio 5-maculatus
Curculio pericarpius
Curculio scrophulariae
Curculio vittatus
Curculio paraplecticus
Curculio algirus
Curculio bacchus
Curculio betulae
Curculio populi
Curculio alni
Curculio salicis
Curculio fagi
Curculio segetis
Curculio pomorum
Curculio ovatus
Curculio carbonarius
Curculio mucoreus
Curculio pusio
Curculio vaginalis
Curculio stigma
Curculio depressus
Curculio annulatus
Curculio dispar
Curculio anchorago
Curculio abietis -
Hylobius abietis , the pine weevil
Curculio germanus
Curculio nucum
Curculio 5-punctatus
Curculio hispidus
Curculio rectirostris
Curculio pedicularius
Curculio ligustici
Curculio pyri
Curculio oblongus
Curculio argentatus
Curculio ovatus -
Otiorhynchus ovatus
Curculio cervinus
Curculio argyreus
Curculio viridis
Curculio speciosus
Curculio ruficornis
Curculio albinus
Curculio lineatus -
Sitona lineatus
Curculio incanus
Curculio cloropus
Curculio rufipes
Curculio nebulosus
Curculio ater
Curculio emeritus
Curculio barbarus
Curculio cornutus
Curculio 16-punctatus
Curculio granulatus
Curculio abbreviatus -
Diaprepes abbreviatus
Curculio chinensis
Curculio apterus
Attelabus coryli
Attelabus surinamensis
Attelabus pensylvanicus
Attelabus betulae
Attelabus formicarius
Attelabus sipylus
Attelabus apiarius
Attelabus mollis
Attelabus ceramboides
Attelabus buprestoides
Rosalia alpina was named Cerambyx alpinus in 1758.
Cerambyx cerdo was named in 1758.
Lamia textor was named Cerambyx textor in 1758.
Phymatodes testaceus was named Cerambyx testaceus in 1758.
Leptura
Cantharis noctiluca -
Lampyris noctiluca , the common glow-worm
Cantharis pyralis
Cantharis lampyris
Cantharis ignita
Cantharis lucida
Cantharis phosphorea
Cantharis nauritanica
Cantharis chinensis
Cantharis italica
Cantharis fusca
Cantharis livida
Cantharis rufa
Cantharis sanguinea
Cantharis obscura
Cantharis lateralis
Cantharis aenea
Cantharis bipustulata
Cantharis pedicularia
Cantharis fasciata
Cantharis biguttata
Cantharis minima
Cantharis testacea
Cantharis pectinata
Cantharis serrata
Cantharis tropica
Cantharis pectinicornis
Cantharis caerulea
Cantharis viridissima
Cantharis navalis
Cantharis melanura
Elater oculatus
Elater noctilucus
Elater phosphoreus
Elater brunneus
Elater syriacus
Elater cruciatus
Elater linearis
Elater ruficollis
Elater mesomelus
Elater castaneus
Elater ferrugineus
Elater sanguineus
Elater balteatus
Elater marginatus
Elater sputator -
Elages sputator
Elater obscurus
Elater tristis
Elater fasciatus
Elater murinus
Elater tessellatus
Elater aeneus
Elater pectinicornis
Elater niger
Elater minutus
Buprestis gigantea
Buprestis 8-guttata -
Buprestis octoguttata
Buprestis gnita
Buprestis stricta
Buprestis sternicornis
Buprestis mariana
Buprestis chrysostigma
Buprestis rustica
Buprestis fascicularis
Buprestis hirta
Buprestis nitidula
Buprestis bimaculata
Buprestis tristis
Buprestis cuprea
Buprestis nobilis
Buprestis 4-punctata
Buprestis minuta
Buprestis viridis
Buprestis linearis
Dytiscus piceus
Dytiscus caraboides
Dytiscus fuscipes
Dytiscus latissimus
Dytiscus marginalis -
Great diving beetle
Dytiscus striatus
Dytiscus fuscus
Dytiscus cinereus
Dytiscus semistriatus
Dytiscus sulcatus
Dytiscus erytrocephalus
Dytiscus maculatus
Dytiscus minutus
Dytiscus natator
Dytiscus scarabaeoides
Carabus coriaceus -
Carabus coriaceus
Carabus granulatus -
Carabus granulatus
Carabus leucophthalmus -
Sphodrus leucophthalmus
Carabus nitens -
Carabus nitens
Carabus hortensis -
Carabus hortensis
Carabus violaceus -
Carabus violaceus
Carabus cephalotes
Carabus inquisitor
Carabus sycophanta
Carabus lividus
Carabus crepitans
Carabus americanus
Carabus spinipes
Carabus cyanocephalus
Carabus melanocephalus
Carabus vaporariorum
Carabus latus
Carabus ferrugineus
Carabus germanus
Carabus vulgaris
Carabus caerulescens
Carabus cupreus
Carabus piceus
Carabus marginatus
Carabus multipunctatus
Carabus 6-punctatus
Carabus ustulatus
Carabus crux major
Carabus crux minor
Carabus 4-maculatus
Carabus atricapillus
Tenebrio molitor -
Mealworm
Tenebrio mauritanicus -
Tenebroides mauritanicus , the Cadelle Beetle
Tenebrio culinaris
Tenebrio barbarus
Tenebrio fossor
Tenebrio cursor
Tenebrio pedicularius
Tenebrio erraticus
Tenebrio pallens
Tenebrio mortisagus
Tenebrio muricatus
Tenebrio caeruleus
Tenebrio angulatus
Tenebrio caraboides
Mordella aculeata
Mordella humeralis
Mordella frontalis
Mordella thoracica
Mordella flava
Blaberus giganteus was named Blatta gigantea in 1758.
[Note 1]
[Note 2]
The
European mantis was named Gryllus Mantis religiosus in 1758.
Mantis
Acrida
Bulla
Acheta
Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa was named Gryllus Acheta gryllotalpa in 1758.
The
wart-biter was named Gryllus Tettigonia verrucivorus in 1758.
Tettigonia
Locusta
The
migratory locust was named Gryllus Locusta migratorius in 1758.
^ The current names of all Linnaeus' Blatta species are taken from Marshall (1983).
[14]
^ The current names of all Linnaeus' Gryllus species are taken from Marshall (1983).
[14]
References
^
a
b Miguel Angel Morón Ríos (2004). Escarabajos: 200 millones de años de evolución (in Spanish) (2nd ed.). Istituto de Ecología.
ISBN
978-84-932807-6-5 .
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
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h
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k
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m
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q
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t Lars Wallin (February 14, 2001).
"Catalogue of type specimens. 4. Linnaean specimens" (PDF) .
Uppsala University . Retrieved August 28, 2010 .
^
a
b Brett C. Ratcliffe (1976).
"A revision of the genus Strategus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)" (
PDF ) . Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum . 10 (3): 93–207.
^
"Oryctes nasicornis " .
Fauna Europaea . Retrieved September 20, 2010 .
^ Tristrão Branco (2007).
"Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) of Portugal: genus-group names and their type species" (PDF) .
Zootaxa . 1453 : 1–31.
doi :
10.11646/zootaxa.1453.1.1 .
^
a
b
c Bert Kohlmann & Miguel Angel Morón (2003).
"Análisis histórico de la clasificación de los Coleoptera Scarabaeoidea o Lamellicornia" (PDF) .
Acta Zoológica Mexicana . n.s. 90 : 175–280.
^ Jean-Michel Maes, Brett Ratcliffe & M. L. Jameson.
"Subfamilia Dynastinae" . BIO-NICA. Retrieved September 21, 2010 .
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i Andrew B. T. Smith (April 22, 2009).
"Checklist and Nomenclatural Authority File of the Scarabaeoidea of the Nearctic Realm including Canada, the continental United States, and the northern Mexican states of Baja California, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila de Zaragoza, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, and Zacatecas. Version 4" (PDF) .
University of Nebraska–Lincoln .
^ Milan Nikodým & Denis Keith (2007). "A contribution to knowledge of the genus Glaphyrus Latreille, 1807 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Glaphyridae)". Animma.x . 20 : 1–20.
^
a
b Joel Hallan.
"Geotrupidae Latreille, 1802" . Biology Catalog .
Texas A&M University . Retrieved September 21, 2010 .
^ Jacques Baraud (1992).
Coléoptères Scarabaeoidea d'Europe . Volume 78 of Faune de France (in French). Fédération française des sociétés de sciences naturelles.
ISBN
978-2-9505514-1-2 .
^ Joel Hallan.
"Bostrichidae" . Biology Catalog .
Texas A&M University . Retrieved September 20, 2010 .
^ Julio Ferrer & Jose Luis Bujalance de Miguel (2008).
"Biblioteca Entomológica. Un artificio fotográfico" (PDF) . Boletín de la S.E.A. (in Spanish). 42 : 471–472.
^
a
b
c Judith A. Marshall (1983). "The orthopteroid insects described by Linnaeus, with notes on the Linnaean collection".
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . 78 (4): 375–396.
doi :
10.1111/j.1096-3642.1975.tb02266.x .
^
a
b
c
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f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
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q
r
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t
u
v
w
x
y
z Yves Bousquet, Daniel J. Heffern, Patrice Bouchard & Eugenio H. Nearns (2009).
"Catalogue of family-group names in Cerambycidae (Coleoptera)" (PDF) .
Zootaxa . 2321 : 1–80.
doi :
10.11646/zootaxa.2321.1.1 . {{
cite journal }}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link )
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
o
p
q
r
"Lamiaires du Monde / Lamiines of World" . Retrieved November 5, 2010 .
^
a
b
c
d
e
f Ubirajara R. Martins, Maria Helena M. Galileo & Francisco Limeira-de-Oliveira (2009).
"Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) do estado do Maranhão, Brasil" (PDF) . Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia . 49 (19): 229–247.
doi :
10.1590/S0031-10492009001900001 .
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h Svatopluk Bílý & O. Mehl (1989). Longhorn beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) of Fennoscandia and Denmark .
Brill Publishers .
ISBN
978-90-04-08697-5 .
^
"Elateropsis lineatus " . BioStor. Retrieved November 5, 2010 .
^ World Conservation Monitoring Centre. (1996).
"Cerambyx cerdo " .
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 : e.T4166A10503380.
doi :
10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T4166A10503380.en . Retrieved 27 October 2020 .
^ Lech Borowiec (1987).
"The genera of seed-beetles (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)" (PDF) . Polskie Pizmo Entomologiczne . 57 : 3–207.
^ Ross H. Arnett, Jr. (1951). "A revision of the Nearctic Oedemeridae (Coleoptera)".
American Midland Naturalist . 45 (2): 257–391.
doi :
10.2307/2421732 .
JSTOR
2421732 .
^ Mikhail L. Danilevsky (September 7, 2003).
"A systematic list of Longicorn Beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycoidea) of Mongolia" . Retrieved November 5, 2010 .
^
a
b Mikhail L. Danilevsky (September 7, 2003).
"Systematic list of longicorn beetles (Cerambycoidea, Coleoptera) of Mongolia" . Cerambycidae . Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i.
^
http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?guid=urn:lsid:faunaeur.org:taxname:260096
^ Löbl, Ivan; Smetana, Aleš (2004).
Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera .
ISBN
9788788757743 .
^
a
b Fabian Haas (2004–2009).
"The Earwigs of the United Kingdom" .
DEFAULTSORT:Coleoptera In The 10th Edition Of Systema Naturae
Category:Systema Naturae
Systema Naturae, Coleoptera
Hemiptera
Information
In the 10th edition of Systema Naturae ,
Carl Linnaeus classified the
arthropods , including
insects ,
arachnids and
crustaceans , among his class "
Insecta ".
True bugs and
thrips were brought together under the name
Hemiptera .
Cicada laternaria
Cicada candelaria
Cicada phosphorea
Cicada noctivida
Cicada lucernaria
Cicada foliata
Cicada fronditia
Cicada squamigera
Cicada crux
Cicada cornuta
Cicada aurita
Cicada ciliaris –
Platypleura ciliaris
Cicada quadrifasciata
Cicada bifasciata
Cicada fornicata
Cicada stridula –
Platypleura stridula
Cicada orni
Cicada repanda
Cicada reticulata
Cicada tibicen –
Tibicen tibicen
Cicada septendecim –
Magicicada septendecim , periodical cicada
Cicada violacea
Cicada coleoptrata
Cicada spumaria
Cicada nervosa
Cicada leucophthalma
Cicada albifrons
Cicada leucocephala
Cicada lateralis
Cicada striata
Cicada lineata
Cicada interrupta
Cicada vittata
Cicada aptera
Cicada phalaenoides
Cicada lanata
Cicada rubra
Cicada viridis
Cicada flava
Cicada aurata
Cicada ulmi
Cicada rosae
Cimex lectularius –
bedbug
Cimex stockerus
Cimex scarabaeoides
Cimex maurus
Cimex lineatus –
Graphosoma lineatum
Cimex arabs
Cimex serratus
Cimex stolidus
Cimex histrio
Cimex littoralis
Cimex rugosus
Cimex clavicornis
Cimex corticalis
Cimex betulae
Cimex erosus
Cimex filicis
Cimex cardui –
Tingis cardui
Cimex bidens –
Picromerus bidens
Cimex rufipes
Cimex marginatus
Cimex bipustulatus
Cimex ypsilon –
Mormidea ypsilon
Cimex punctatus
Cimex haemorrhoidalis –
Acanthosoma haemorrhoidale
Cimex valgus
Cimex quadrispinosus
Cimex acantharis
Cimex viridulus –
Nezara viridula , southern green stink bug
Cimex peregrinator
Cimex bipunctatus
Cimex sexapunctatus
Cimex griseus
Cimex interstinctus –
Elasmostethus interstinctus
Cimex baccarum –
Dolycoris baccarum
Cimex dumosus
Cimex variolosus
Cimex juniperinus
Cimex caeruleus –
Zicrona caerulea
Cimex lineola
Cimex oleraceus
Cimex biguttatus
Cimex bicolor –
Tritomegas bicolor
Cimex ornatus
Cimex ruber
Cimex acuminatus –
Aelia acuminata
Cimex leucocephalus
Cimex minutus
Cimex personatus
Cimex annulatus
Cimex ater –
Capsus ater
Cimex gothicus
Cimex indus
Cimex hyoscyami
Cimex equestris –
Lygaeus equestris
Cimex apterus
Cimex aegyptius
Cimex andreae
Cimex kalmii
Cimex pratensis –
Lygus pratensis
Cimex campestris
Cimex umbratilis
Cimex crassicornis
Cimex saltatorius –
Saldula saltatoria
Cimex arenarius
Cimex pini
Cimex rolandri
Cimex nigripes
Cimex laevigatus
Cimex dolabratus
Cimex striatus
Cimex erraticus
Cimex ferus
Cimex populi
Cimex ulmi
Cimex sylvestris
Cimex bimaculatus
Cimex mutabilis
Cimex calcaratus –
Alydus calcaratus
Cimex abietis
Cimex kermesinus
Cimex lacustris –
Gerris lacustris , common water strider
Cimex stagnorum –
Hydrometra stagnorum
Cimex vagabundus –
Empicoris vagabundus
Cimex tipularius
Cimex coryli
Aphis ribis
Aphis ulmi
Aphis pastinacae
Aphis sambuci
Aphis rumicis
Aphis lychnidis
Aphis padi
Aphis rosae –
rose aphid
Aphis tiliae
Aphis brassicae –
Brevicoryne brassicae , cabbage aphid
Aphis craccae
Aphis lactucae
Aphis cirsii
Aphis cardui
Aphis tanaceti
Aphis absinthii
Aphis jaceae
Aphis betulae
Aphis roboris
Aphis quercus
Aphis pini
Aphis salicis
Aphis populi
Aphis bursaria
Aphis urticae –
Orthezia urticae
[1]
Chermes graminis
Chermes ulmi
Chermes cerastii
Chermes pyri
Chermes buxi
Chermes urticae
Chermes betulae
Chermes alni
Chermes quercus
Chermes abietis
Chermes salicis
Chermes fraxini
Chermes aceris
Chermes ficus
[Note 1]
^ The current names of all Linnaeus' Coccus species are taken from Gertsson (2008)
[1]
References
DEFAULTSORT:Hemiptera In The 10th Edition Of Systema Naturae
Category:Systema Naturae
Systema Naturae, Hemiptera
Lepidoptera
Information
In the 10th edition of Systema Naturae ,
Carl Linnaeus classified the
arthropods , including
insects ,
arachnids and
crustaceans , among his class "Insecta".
Butterflies and
moths were brought together under the name
Lepidoptera . Linnaeus divided the group into three genera – Papilio , Sphinx and Phalaena . The first two, together with the seven subdivisions of the third, are now used as the basis for nine superfamily names:
Papilionoidea ,
Sphingoidea ,
Bombycoidea ,
Noctuoidea ,
Geometroidea ,
Torticoidea ,
Pyraloidea ,
Tineoidea and
Alucitoidea .
[1]
Themes
When naming the nearly 200 species of butterflies known to him at the time, Linnaeus used names from
classical mythology as
specific names . These were thematically arranged into six groups, and were drawn from classical sources including the Fabulae of
Gaius Julius Hyginus and
Pliny the Elder 's
Naturalis Historia .
[2] The first such group was the Equites , or
knights , which were divided into the Equites Trojani (
Trojan army ) and Equites Achivi (
Achaean army ), and between them named most of the figures involved in the
Trojan War .
[2] The second group was the Heliconii , comprising
Apollo and
Muses . The third group was the Danai , divided into the Danai Candidi and the Danai Festivi , representing
the Danaids and their husbands .
[2] The fourth group was the Nymphales , or
nymphs , divided into the Nymphales gemmati and the Nymphales phalerati , on the basis of the insects' wing markings.
[2] The fifth group, the
Plebeji , were divided into Plebeji Rurales and Plebeji Urbicolae . There is little thematic connection between their names. The final group was the Barbari , or
Argonauts .
[2]
Papilio (butterflies)
[Note 1]
Equites Trojani
The name of
Graphium agamemnon (originally Papilio agamemnon ) commemorates
Agamemnon .
Equites Achivi
The
Old World Swallowtail was named Papilio machaon , after
Machaon .
The Common Lime was named Papilio demoleus in 1758.
Heliconii
The
Apollo was named Papilio apollo , after
Apollo .
Danai candidi
The
Black-veined White was named Papilio crataegi after the
hawthorn bushes it feeds on.
The
Round-winged Orange Tip was named Papilio euippe , after
Euippe .
Papilio anacardii –
Protogoniomorpha anacardii
Papilio crataegi – Aporia crtaegi ,
Black-veined White
Papilio brassicae – Pieris brassicae ,
Large White
Papilio rapae – Pieris rapae ,
Small White
Papilio napi – Pieris napi ,
Green-veined White
Papilio sinapis – Leptidea sinapis ,
Wood White
Papilio daplidice – Pontia daplidice ,
Bath White
Papilio cardamines –
Anthocharis cardamines , Orange Tip
Papilio euippe – Colotis euippe ,
Round-winged Orange Tip
Papilio glaucippe –
Hebomoia glaucippe
Papilio pyranthe –
Catopsilia pyranthe
Papilio arsalte –
Heliopetes arsalte
Papilio hyparete –
Delias hyparete
Papilio damone – [
nomen dubium
Papilio trite –
Rhabdodryas trite
Papilio hyale – Colias hyale ,
Pale Clouded Yellow
Papilio sennae –
Phoebis sennae , Cloudless Sulphur
Papilio rhamni –
Gonepteryx rhamni , Common Brimstone
Papilio hecabe –
Eurema hecabe
Danai festivi
The
Small Heath was named Papilio pamphilus , after
Pamphilus .
Nymphales gemmati
Junonia lemonias was named Papilio lemonias in 1758.
The
Large Wall was named Papilio maera in 1758.
The
Purple Emperor was named Papilio iris , after
Iris .
The spring generation was named Papilio levana .
The summer generations were named Papilio prorsa .
Nymphales phalerati
Papilio populi – Limenitis populi ,
Poplar Admiral
Papilio antiopa –
Nymphalis antiopa , Camberwell Beauty
Papilio polychloros – Nymphalis polychloros ,
Large Tortoiseshell
Papilio urticae – Aglais urticae ,
Small Tortoiseshell
Papilio c-album – Polygonia c-album ,
Comma
Papilio c-aureum –
Polygonia c-aureum
Papilio dirce –
Colobura dirce
Papilio amathea –
Anartia amathea
Papilio atalanta –
Vanessa atalanta
Papilio venilia –
Pantoporia venilia
Papilio alimena –
Hypolimnas alimena
Papilio leucothoe –
Athyma perius
Papilio phaetusa –
Dryadula phaetusa
Papilio bolina –
Hypolimnas bolina
Papilio clytia –
Papilio clytia
Papilio neaerea –
Pyrrhogyra neaerea
Papilio acesta –
Tigridia acesta
Papilio similis –
Ideopsis similis
Papilio assimilis –
Hestina assimilis
Papilio dissimilis –
Papilio clytia
Papilio panope –
Papilio clytia
Papilio rumina –
Zerynthia rumina
Papilio levana – Araschnia levana ,
Map (spring generation)
Papilio prorsa – Araschnia levana ,
Map (summer generations)
Papilio lucina –
Hamearis lucina
Papilio maturna – Hypodryas maturna ,
Scarce Fritillary
Papilio cinxia – Melitaea cinxia ,
Glanville Fritillary
Papilio paphia –
Argynnis paphia
Papilio cytherea –
Adelpha cytherea
Papilio aglaja – Argynnis aglaja ,
Dark Green Fritillary
Papilio lathonia –
Issoria lathonia
Papilio euphrosyne –
Boloria euphrosyne
Papilio niobe –
Argynnis niobe
Papilio vanillae –
Agraulis vanillae
Plebeji rurales
The
Silver-studded Blue was named Papilio argus in 1758.
The
Scarce Copper was named Papilio virgaureae in 1758.
Plebeji urbicolae
The
Grizzled Skipper was named Papilio malvae in 1758.
Barbari
Neptis hylas was named Papilio hylas , after
Hylas .
Sphinx (hawk moths)
Macroglossum stellatarum , the hummingbird hawk moth, was named Sphinx stellatarum in 1758.
Hyles euphorbiae , the spurge hawk moth (
caterpillar pictured), was named Sphinx euphorbiae in 1758.
Zygaena filipendulae , the
six-spot burnet moth (
Zygaenidae ) was included among the
hawk moths of the genus Sphinx in 1758.
Phalaena (moths)
Bombyces
The puss moth
Cerura vinula was described as Phalaena vinula in 1758.
Arctia caja was described as Phalaena caja in 1758.
Clostera curtula was described as Phalaena curtula in 1758.
Calliteara pudibunda was described as Phalaena pudibunda in 1758.
Notodonta ziczac was described as Phalaena ziczac in 1758.
[Note 2]
Noctuae
[Note 3]
Xyleutes strix was described as Phalaena strix in 1758.
Callimorpha dominula was described as Phalaena dominula in 1758.
Tyria jacobaeae was described as Phalaena jacobaeae in 1758.
The
Angle Shades moth, Phlogophora meticulosa , was described as Phalaena meticulosa in 1758.
Orthosia gothica was described as Phalaena gothica in 1758.
Aedia leucomelas was described as Phalaena leucomelas in 1758.
Geometrae
[46]
Eurrhypara hortulata was described as Phalaena hortulata in 1758.
Tortrices
[Note 4]
Agapeta hamana was described as Phalaena hamana in 1758.
Eulia ministrana was described as Phalaena ministrana in 1758.
Epinotia solandriana was described as Phalaena solandriana in 1758.
Pyrales
Pyrausta purpuralis was described as Phalaena purpualis in 1758.
[Note 5]
Tineae
[Note 6]
Alucitae
Geina didactyla was described as Phalaena didactyla in 1758.
[Note 7]
^ The current names of all Linnaeus' Papilio species are taken from Honey & Scoble (2008).
[3]
^ Except where otherwise indicated, all given identities of Linnaeus' Bombyces are taken from Mikkola & Honey (1993).
[18]
^ Except where otherwise indicated, the identities of Linnaeus' Noctuae are taken from Mikkola & Honey (1993).
[18]
^ Except where otherwise indicated, the identities of Linnaeus' Tortrices are taken from Robinson & Nielsen (1983).
[49]
^ The identities of all Linnaeus' Pyrales are taken from Robinson & Nielsen (1983).
[49]
^ The identities of all Linnaeus' Tineae are taken from Robinson & Nielsen (1983).
[49]
^ The identities of all Linnaeus' Alucitae are taken from Robinson & Nielsen (1983).
[49]
References
^ Malcolm J. Scoble (1995).
"Classification of the Lepidoptera" . The Lepidoptera: Form, Function and Diversity .
Oxford University Press . pp. 186–191.
ISBN
978-0-19-854952-9 .
^
a
b
c
d
e John L. Heller (1945). "Classical mythology in the Systema Naturae of Linnaeus".
Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association . 76 : 333–357.
doi :
10.2307/283345 .
JSTOR
283345 .
^ Martin R. Honey & Malcolm J. Scoble (2008). "Linnaeus's butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea)".
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . 132 (3): 277–399.
doi :
10.1111/j.1096-3642.2001.tb01326.x .
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
o
p
q A. R. Pittaway (September 13, 2010).
"Sphingidae of the Western Palaearctic" . Retrieved September 21, 2010 .
^ Markku Savela.
"Enyo Hübner, [1819]" . Lepidoptera and some other life forms . Retrieved September 21, 2010 .
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g Lars Wallin (February 14, 2001).
"Catalogue of type specimens. 4. Linnaean specimens" (PDF) .
Uppsala University . Retrieved August 28, 2010 .
^
a
b John W. Brown & Julian P. Donahue (1989).
"The Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) of Baja California, Mexico" (PDF) .
Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society . 43 (3): 184–209.
^
a
b Markku Savela.
"Aellopos Hübner, [1819]" . Lepidoptera and some other life forms . Retrieved September 21, 2010 .
^ Markku Savela.
"Xylophanes Hübner, [1819]" . Lepidoptera and some other life forms . Retrieved September 21, 2010 .
^
a
b Markku Savela.
"Synanthedon Hübner, [1819]" . Lepidoptera and some other life forms . Retrieved September 21, 2010 .
^ A. R. Pittaway & I. J. Kitching.
"Sphingidae of the Eastern Palaearctic (including Siberia, the Russian Far East, Mongolia, China, Taiwan, the Korean Peninsula and Japan)" . Retrieved September 21, 2010 .
^ Markku Savela.
"Zygaena Fabricius, 1775" . Lepidoptera and some other life forms . Retrieved September 21, 2010 .
^ Н. Н. Игнатьев & В. В. Золотухин (2005).
"Обзор лжепестрянок (Lepidoptera: Syntomidae) России и сопредельных территорий. Часть 1. Род Syntomis Ochsenheimer, 1808" [Review of the family Syntomidae (Lepidoptera) of Russia and adjacent territories. Part 1. Genus Snytomis Ochsenheimer, 1808] (PDF) . Eversmannia (in Russian). 3–4 : 28–55.
^
a
b Markku Savela.
"Euchromia Hübner, [1819]" . Lepidoptera and some other life forms . Retrieved September 21, 2010 .
^ Markku Savela.
"Saurita Herrich-Schäffer, [1855]" . Lepidoptera and some other life forms . Retrieved September 21, 2010 .
^ Shen-Horn Yen, Gaden S. Robinson & Donald L. J. Quicke (2005). "The phylogenetic relationships of Chalcosiinae (Lepidoptera, Zygaenoidea, Zygaenidae)".
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . 143 (2): 161–341.
doi :
10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00139.x .
^ Markku Savela.
"Adscita Retzius, 1783" . Lepidoptera and some other life forms . Retrieved September 21, 2010 .
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i Kauri Mikkola & Martin R. Honey (1993). "The Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera) described by Linnaeus".
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . 108 (2): 103–169.
doi :
10.1006/zjls.1993.1019 .
^ Markku Savela.
"Attacus Linnaeus, 1767" . Lepidoptera and some other life forms . Retrieved January 5, 2011 .
^ Markku Savela.
"Rothschildia Grote, 1896" . Lepidoptera and some other life forms . Retrieved January 5, 2011 .
^ Markku Savela.
"Hyalophora Duncan [& Westwood], 1841" . Lepidoptera and some other life forms . Retrieved January 5, 2011 .
^ Markku Savela.
"Actias Leach, 1815" . Lepidoptera and some other life forms . Retrieved January 5, 2011 .
^ Markku Savela.
"Saturnia Schrank, 1802" . Lepidoptera and some other life forms . Retrieved January 5, 2011 .
^ A. R. Pittaway.
"Aglia Ochsenheimer, 1810" . Saturniidae of the Western Palaearctic . Retrieved January 5, 2011 .
^ Markku Savela.
"Phyllodesma Hübner, [1820]" . Lepidoptera and some other life forms . Retrieved January 8, 2011 .
^
"Odonestis pruni (Linnaeus 1758)" .
Fauna Europaea . Retrieved January 8, 2011 .
^ Markku Savela.
"Euthrix Meigen, 1830" . Lepidoptera and some other life forms . Retrieved January 5, 2011 .
^ Markku Savela.
"Dendrolimus Germar, 1812" . Lepidoptera and some other life forms . Retrieved January 8, 2011 .
^ Markku Savela.
"Lasiocampa Schrank, 1802" . Lepidoptera and some other life forms . Retrieved January 8, 2011 .
^ Markku Savela.
"Macrothylacia Rambur, 1866" . Lepidoptera and some other life forms . Retrieved January 8, 2011 .
^ Markku Savela.
"Eriogaster Germar, 1810" . Lepidoptera and some other life forms . Retrieved January 8, 2011 .
^
"Endromis versicolora (Linnaeus 1758)" .
Fauna Europaea . Retrieved January 6, 2011 .
^ Anthea Gentry, Juliet Clutton-Brock, Colin P. Groves (2004). "The naming of wild animal species and their domestic derivatives".
Journal of Archaeological Science . 31 (5): 645–651.
doi :
10.1016/j.jas.2003.10.006 . {{
cite journal }}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link )
^
a
b Markku Savela.
"Malacosoma Hübner, [1820]" . Lepidoptera and some other life forms . Retrieved January 6, 2011 .
^
"Eriogaster (Eriogaster) catax (Linnaeus 1758)" .
Fauna Europaea . Retrieved January 6, 2011 .
^
"Trichiura (Trichiura) crataegi (Linnaeus 1758)" .
Fauna Europaea . Retrieved January 5, 2011 .
^
"Poecilocampa populi (Linnaeus 1758)" .
Fauna Europaea . Retrieved January 5, 2011 .
^
"Cossus cossus (Linnaeus 1758)" .
Fauna Europaea . Retrieved January 5, 2011 .
^ Markku Savela.
"Pitthea Walker, 1854" . Lepidoptera and some other life forms . Retrieved January 5, 2011 .
^ Jeremy Daniel Holloway.
"Dysphania militaris Linnaeus" . The Moths of Borneo . Retrieved January 5, 2011 .
^ David L. Wagner (1988). "Taxonomic status of Korscheltellus Börner in North America (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae)".
Journal of the New York Entomological Society . 96 (3): 345–354.
JSTOR
25009697 .
^
"Familia Sematuridae" . Fauna Entomologica de Nicaragua (in Spanish). Retrieved January 4, 2011 .
^ Jeremy Daniel Holloway.
"Thyatira batis Linnaeus" . The Moths of Borneo . Retrieved January 4, 2011 .
^ Nikola-Michael Prpic (November 9, 2008).
"Hepialus lupulinus , Common Swift, Kleiner Hopfenwurzelbohrer" . DEpository . Retrieved January 4, 2011 .
^ Markku Savela.
"Achlya Billberg, 1820" . Lepidoptera and some other life forms . Retrieved January 4, 2011 .
^
http://www.biolib.cz/en/taxonsubtaxa/id17265/
^
http://193.166.3.2/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/drepanoidea/drepanidae/drepaninae/drepana/index.html
^
http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?guid=urn:lsid:faunaeur.org:taxname:443446
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k Gaden S. Robinson & Ebbe Schmidt Nielsen (1983). "The Microlepidoptera described by Linnaeus and Clerck".
Systematic Entomology . 8 (2): 191–242.
doi :
10.1111/j.1365-3113.1983.tb00479.x .
S2CID
84148810 .
DEFAULTSORT:Lepidoptera In The 10th Edition Of Systema Naturae
Category:Systema Naturae
Systema Naturae, Lepidoptera
Neuroptera
Information
In the 10th edition of Systema Naturae ,
Carl Linnaeus classified the
arthropods , including
insects ,
arachnids and
crustaceans , among his class "Insecta". Insects with net-veined wings were brought together under the name Neuroptera .
[Note 1]
The
Beautiful Demoiselle was named Libellula virgo in 1758.
The
Black-tailed Skimmer was named Libellula cancellata in 1758.
The
mayfly
Ephemera vulgata was named in 1758.
[Note 2]
The
alderfly
Sialis lutaria was named Hemerobius lutarius in 1758.
The
scorpionfly
Panorpa communis was named in 1758.
^ The current names of all Linnaeus' Libellula species are taken from Schorr et al.
[1]
^ The current names of all Linnaeus' Phryganea species are taken from Holzenthal et al. (2007).
[4]
References
^ Martin Schorr, Martin Lindeboom & Dennis Paulson.
"World Odonata List" .
University of Puget Sound . Retrieved August 31, 2010 .
^
a
b
c
d
e
"Listes faunistique des Ephémères" [Faunistic list of the Ephemeroptera] (PDF) (in French). Office pour les Insectes et leur Environnement. Retrieved September 1, 2010 .
^ A. Poppels & M.Kalniņš (November 11, 2002).
"Viendienītes – Ephemeroptera" . Entomological Society of Latvia. Retrieved September 1, 2010 .
^ Ralph W. Holzenthal, Roger J. Blahnik, Aysha L. Prather & Karl M. Kjer (2007).
"Order Trichoptera Kirby, 1813 (Insecta), Caddisflies" (PDF) .
Zootaxa . 1668 : 639–698.
doi :
10.11646/zootaxa.1668.1.29 .
hdl :
11299/196322 . {{
cite journal }}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link )
^
a
b
c Colin L. Plant (1994).
Provisional atlas of the lacewings and allied insects (Neuroptera, Megaloptera, Raphidioptera and Mecoptera) of Britain and Ireland (PDF) .
Institute of Terrestrial Ecology .
ISBN
1-870393-18-X .
^ Roberto Antonio Pantaleoni (2005).
"Interpretation of Achille Costa's data on Neuropterida" (PDF) .
Bulletin of Insectology . 58 (1): 71–92.
^ Mark Swanson.
"Zoological History" . Antlion Pit. Retrieved August 31, 2010 .
^
"Genus Coptotermes Wasmann" . Catalog of the Termites of the New World .
Universidade de Brasília . October 3, 2000. Retrieved August 31, 2010 .
^
"Hemerobius humulinus" at the
Encyclopedia of Life
^
"Hemerobius sexpunctatus" at the
Encyclopedia of Life
^
"Hemerobius flavicans" at the
Encyclopedia of Life
^ Norman D. Penny, Phillip A. Adams & Lionel A. Stange (1997).
"Species catalog of the Neuroptera, Megaloptera and Raphidioptera of America north of Mexico" .
Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences . 50 (3): 39–114.
^
"Chrysopidia ciliata (Wesmael, 1841)" . Neuropterida Species of the World . Retrieved August 31, 2010 .
^ Atilano Contreras-Ramos (November 15, 1997).
"Corydalus " .
Tree of Life Web Project . Retrieved August 31, 2010 .
^
"Hemerobius pedicularius" at the
Encyclopedia of Life
^
a
b Evelyne Carrières (2001).
"Revision and additions to the list of lacewings (Megaloptera, Neuroptera, Raphidioptera) and scorpion flies (Mecoptera) of Luxembourg" (PDF) .
Bulletin de la Société des Naturalistes Luxembourgeois . 102 : 91–96.
^ Paul Foster (2007). "The Gibraltar collections: Gilbert White (1720–1793) and John White (1727–1780), and the naturalist and author Giovanni Antonio Scopoli (1723–1788)".
Archives of Natural History . 34 (1): 30–46.
doi :
10.3366/anh.2007.34.1.30 .
^
"Raphidia ophiopsis" at the
Encyclopedia of Life
Category:Systema Naturae
Systema Naturae, Neuroptera
Hymenoptera
Information
In the 10th edition of Systema Naturae ,
Carl Linnaeus classified the
arthropods , including
insects ,
arachnids and
crustaceans , among his class "Insecta". Insects with membranous wings, including
bees ,
wasps and
ants were brought together under the name Hymenoptera .
The gall wasp
Cynips quercusfolii was named Cynips quercus folii in 1758.
[Note 1]
The
cherry slug is the
larva of Caliroa cerasi , which Linnaeus named Tenthredo cerasi in 1758.
Tenthredo scrophulariae was named in 1758.
Arge rustica was named Tenthredo rustica in 1758.
The
pine sawfly
Diprion pini was named Tenthredo pini in 1758.
Ammophila sabulosa was named Sphex sabulosa in 1758.
Sphex argillacea –
Zeta argillaceum
Sphex sabulosa –
Ammophila sabulosa
[7]
Sphex asiatica –
Sceliphron asiaticum
Sphex fervens
Sphex inda
Sphex clavipes
Sphex spirifex & Sphex aegyptia –
Sceliphron spirifex
Sphex figulus
Sphex viatica
Sphex pectinipes
Sphex variegata
Sphex indica
Sphex tropica
Sphex colon
Sphex gibba
Sphex rufipes
Sphex arenaria
Sphex fossoria
Sphex leucostoma
Sphex vaga
Sphex caerulea
Sphex ignita
Sphex aurata
Sphex cyanea
Vespa crabro –
European hornet
Vespa vulgaris –
Vespula vulgaris , common wasp
Vespa rufa –
Vespula rufa
Vespa parietum
Vespa muraria
Vespa cribraria
Vespa spinipes
Vespa rupestris
Vespa coarctata
Vespa arvensis
Vespa biglumis
Vespa uniglumis
Vespa cornuta
Vespa signata
Vespa canadensis
Vespa emarginata
Vespa calida
Apis longicornis
Apis tumulorum
Apis clavicornis
Apis centuncularis
Apis cineraria
Apis surinamensis –
Eufriesea surinamensis
Apis retusa
Apis rufa
Apis bicornis
Apis truncorum
Apis dentata –
Exaerete dentata
Apis cordata –
Euglossa cordata
Apis helvola
Apis succincta
Apis zonata
Apis caerulescens
Apis mellifera –
Western honey bee
Apis subterranea
Apis variegata
Apis rostrata
Apis manicata
Apis quadridentata
Apis florisomuis
Apis conica
Apis annulata
Apis ruficornis
Apis ichneumonea
Apis cariosa
Apis violacea –
Xylocopa violacea , violet carpenter bee
Apis terrestris –
Bombus terrestris , buff-tailed bumblebee
Apis lapidaria –
Bombus lapidarius , red-tailed bumblebee
Apis muscorum
Apis hypnorum –
Bombus hypnorum , new garden bumblebee
Apis acervorum
Apis subterranea –
Bombus subterraneus , short-haired bumblebee
Apis surinamensis
Apis aestuans
Apis tropica
Apis alpina –
Bombus alpinus
Formica (
ants )
Formica rufa was named by Linnaeus in 1758.
The
velvet ant
Ronisia barbara was named Mutilla barbara in 1758.
Notes
^ The current identities of Linnaeus' Tenthredo species are taken from the Hymenoptera Name Server.
[5]
References
^
a
b
"Nomina - Hymenoptera C" . Retrieved September 6, 2010 .
^
"Euura amerinae (Linnaeus)" . Hymenoptera Name Server .
Ohio State University . Retrieved September 8, 2010 .
^
"Nomina - Hymenoptera A–B" . Retrieved September 6, 2010 .
^ J. T. Wiebes (1968).
"Fig wasps from Israeli Ficus sycomorus and related East African species (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). 2. Agaonidae (concluded) and Sycophagini" (
PDF ) .
Zoologische Mededelingen . 42 (28): 307–321.
^
"Hymenoptera Name Server. Version 1.5" .
Ohio State University . December 19, 2007.
^ Thierry Noblecourt (April 18, 2007).
"Liste Systématique des Hyménoptères Symphytes de France" (PDF) (in French).
^ Toshko Ljubomirov & Erol Yildirim (2008).
Annotated Catalogue of the Ampulicidae, Sphecidae, and Crabronidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Turkey . Pensoft Series Faunistica. Vol. 71.
Pensoft Publishers . p. 37.
ISBN
978-954-642-312-2 .
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
"Nomina - Hymenoptera: F-I" . Retrieved September 8, 2010 .
^ Social Insects Specialist Group. (1996).
"Formica rufa " .
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 : e.T8645A12924924.
doi :
10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T8645A12924924.en . Retrieved 27 October 2020 .
^
"Formica obsoleta" at the
Encyclopedia of Life
^
"Formica omnivora" at the
Encyclopedia of Life
^
"Species: Dolichoderus bidens " . AntWeb . Retrieved September 8, 2010 .
^
"Species: Atta sexdens " . AntWeb . Retrieved September 8, 2010 .
^
"Species: Atta cephalotes " . AntWeb . Retrieved September 8, 2010 .
^
"Species: Cephalotes atratus " . AntWeb . Retrieved September 8, 2010 .
^
"Species: Odontomachus haematodus " . AntWeb . Retrieved September 8, 2010 .
^
"Species: Pachycondyla foetida " . AntWeb . Retrieved September 8, 2010 .
^ James L. Reveal (2009). "Identification of the plant and associated animal images in Catesby's Natural History , with nomenclatural notes and comments".
Rhodora . 111 (947): 273–388.
doi :
10.3119/08-4.1 .
S2CID
85793102 .
^ Clarence E. Mickel (1964). "Synonymical notes on Neotropical Mutillidae (Hymenoptera)". Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Series B, Taxonomy . 33 (9–10): 163–171.
doi :
10.1111/j.1365-3113.1964.tb01635.x .
^ Petr Bogusch (2007).
"Vespoidea: Mutillidae (kodulkovití)" (PDF) . Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae . Supplementum 11: 93–104.
^
"LINN 2904 Mutilla maura (Ins Linn)" . The Linnean Collections . Retrieved September 8, 2010 .
^
a
b M. Schwarz (1995).
"Revision der westpaläarktischen Arten der Gattungen Gelis Thunberg mit apteren Weibchen und Thaumatogelis Schmiedeknecht (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Teil 1" (PDF) . Linzer biologische Beiträge . 27 (1): 5–105.
DEFAULTSORT:Hymenoptera In The 10th Edition Of Systema Naturae
Category:Systema Naturae
Systema Naturae, Hymenoptera
Diptera
Information
In the 10th edition of Systema Naturae ,
Carl Linnaeus classified the
arthropods , including
insects ,
arachnids and
crustaceans , among his class "Insecta". Insects with simply two wings (
true flies ) were brought together under the name Diptera .
Tipula hortorum was so named in 1758.
Chironomus plumosus was named Tipula plumosus in 1758.
Bibio marci was named Tipula marci in 1758.
Hermetia illucens was named Musca illucens in 1758.
Rhagio scolopaceus was named Musca scolopacea in 1758.
Helophilus pendulus was named Musca pendula in 1758.
Sphaerophoria scripta was named Musc scripta in 1758.
Syritta pipiens was named Musca pipiens in 1758.
Calliphora vomitoria was named Musca vomitoria in 1758.
Tachina grossa was named Musca grossa in 1758.
Scathophaga stercoraria was named Musca stercoraria in 1758.
Urophora cardui was named Musca cardui in 1758.
Musca plebeja –
Thereva plebeja
Musca illucens –
Hermetia illucens
Musca chamaeleon –
Stratiomys chamaeleon , clubbed general
Musca microleon –
Odontomyia microleon
Musca hydroleon –
Odontomyia hydroleon
Musca pantherina –
Nemotelus pantherinus
Musca morio –
Hemipenthes morio
Musca maura –
Hemipenthes maura
Musca hottentotta –
Villa hottentotta
Musca scolopacea –
Rhagio scolopaceus , downlooker snipe fly
Musca vermileo –
Vermileo vermileo
Musca tringaria –
Rhagio tringarius
Musca conopsoides –
Ceriana conopsoides
Musca bombylans –
Volucella bombylans
Musca mystacea –
Mesembrina mystacea
Musca lappona –
Sericomyia lappona
Musca pendula –
Helophilus pendulus
Musca florea –
Myathropa florea
Musca nemorum & Musca arbustorum –
Eristalis arbustorum
Musca tenax –
Eristalis tenax , drone fly
Musca intricaria –
Eristalis intricarius
Musca oestracea –
Eristalis oestracea
Musca fallax –
Blera fallax , pine hover fly
Musca lucorum –
Leucozona lucorum
Musca sylvarum –
Xylota sylvarum
Musca bicincta –
Chrysotoxum bicinctum
Musca arcuata –
Chrysotoxum arcuatum
Musca mutabilis –
Microdon mutabilis
Musca ichneumonea –
Loxocera ichneumonea
Musca diophthalma –
Spilomyia diophthalma
Musca vespiformis –
Temnostoma vespiforme
Musca festiva –
Xanthogramma festiva
Musca erratica –
Megasyrphus erratica
Musca glaucia –
Leucozona glaucia
Musca noctiluca –
Pipiza noctiluca
Musca gibbosa –
Ogcodes gibbosus
Musca ribesii –
Syrphus ribesii
Musca pyrastri –
Scaeva pyrastri
Musca transfuga –
Lejops transfugus
Musca menthastri –
Sphaerophoria menthastri
Musca scripta –
Sphaerophoria scripta
Musca mellina –
Melanostoma mellinum
Musca pipiens –
Syritta pipiens , thick-legged hoverfly
Musca segnis –
Xylota segnis
Musca femorata –
Chalcosyrphus femorata
Musca inanis –
Volucella inanis
Musca pellucens –
Volucella pellucens
Musca meridiana –
Mesembrina meridiana , noon fly
Musca caesar –
Lucilia caesar , common green bottle
Musca cadaverina –
Pyrellia cadaverina
Musca vomitoria –
Calliphora vomitoria , blue bottle fly
Musca carnaria –
Sarcophaga carnaria , common flesh fly
Musca domestica – Musc domestica ,
housefly
Musca sepulchralis –
Eristalinus sepulchralis
Musca grossa –
Tachina grossa , giant tachinid fly
Musca rotundata –
Gymnosoma rotundatum
Musca larvarum –
Exorista larvarum
Musca radicum –
Delia radicum , cabbage fly
Musca lateralis –
Fannia canicularis , lesser house fly
Musca cemiteriorum –
Chrysogaster cemiteriorum
Musca pluvialis –
Anthomyia pluvialis
Musca fenestralis –
Scenopinus fenestralis
Musca roralis & Musca grossificationis –
Melanophora roralis
Musca serrata –
Heleomyza serrata
Musca cellaris –
nomen oblitum of
Drosophila melanogaster
Musca meteorica –
Hydrotaea meteorica
Musca putris –
Themira putris
Musca frit –
Oscinella frit
Musca leprae –
Hippelates leprae
Musca cupraria –
Sargus cuprarius
Musca polita –
Microchrysa polita
Musca viduata –
Pipizella viduata
Musca pubera –
Cordilura pubera
Musca petronella –
Calobatella petronella
Musca ungulata –
Dolichopus ungulatus
Musca aequinoctialis – [
nomen dubium
Musca cibaria –
Compsobata cibaria
Musca scybalaria –
Scathophaga scybalaria
Musca stercoraria –
Scathophaga stercoraria , common yellow dung fly
Musca fimetaria –
Psila fimetaria
Musca parietina –
Oxyna parietina
Musca umbrarum –
Dictya umbrarum
Musca saltuum –
Palloptera saltuum
Musca vibrans –
Seioptera vibrans
Musca cynipsea –
Sepsis cynipsea
Musca flava –
Chyromya flava
Musca aestuans – [
nomen dubium
Musca serratulae –
Terellia serratulae
Musca arnicae –
Tephritis arnicae
Musca hyoscyami –
Tephritis hyoscyami
Musca germinationis –
Opomyza germinationis
Musca urticae –
Ceroxys urticae
Musca cerasi –
Rhagoletis cerasi , cherry fruit fly
Musca heraclii –
Euleia heraclei
Musca cardui –
Urophora cardui , Canada thistle gall fly
Musca solstitialis –
Urophora solstitialis
Musca florescentiae – dubious synonym of
Terellia ruficauda (Fabricius, 1794)
Musca frondescentiae –
Herina frondescentiae
Tabanus bromius was so named in 1758.
Culex pipiens was named Culex pipens and Culex bifurcatus in 1758.
Empis livida was named Empis livida and Asilus tipuloides in 1758.
Conops flavipes was so named in 1758.
Bombylius major was so named in 1758.
References
DEFAULTSORT:Diptera In The 10th Edition Of Systema Naturae
Category:Systema Naturae
Category:Flies
Systema Naturae, Diptera
Aptera
Information
In the 10th edition of Systema Naturae ,
Carl Linnaeus classified the
arthropods , including
insects ,
arachnids and
crustaceans , among his class "Insecta". Wingless arthropods were brought together under the name Aptera .
Allacma fusca was named Podura fusca in 1758.
Pediculus (
lice )
The
head louse was named Pediculus humanus in 1758.
The fly
Lipoptena cervi was classified among the lice as Pediculus cervi by Linnaeus.
The castor bean tick,
Ixodes ricinus , was named Acarus ricinus in 1758.
The velvet mite
Trombidium holosericeum was named Acarus holosericeus in 1758.
The
pseudoscorpion
Chelifer cancroides was named Acarus cancroides in 1758.
Phalangium opilio was named in 1758.
Araniella cucurbitina was named Aranea cucurbitina by Linnaeus.
The
zebra spider was named Aranea scenica by Linnaeus.
Scorpio maurus was described by Linnaeus in 1758. Most of the other scorpion names he coined are no longer in use.
Brachyuri (
crabs )
The "edible crab",
Cancer pagurus , is the only one of Linnaeus' species to remain in the genus
Cancer .
Lithodes maja (named Cancer maja in 1758) on top of
Hyas araneus (named Cancer araneus in 1758).
Grapsus grapsus ("Sally Lightfoot") was named Cancer grapsus in 1758.
Macrouri
Nephrops norvegicus was named Cancer norvegicus in 1758.
The
peacock mantis shrimp , Odontodactylus scyllarus , was named Cancer scyllarus in 1758.
Daphnia pulex was named Monoculus pulex in 1758.
Oniscus asellus was named in 1758.
Scutigera coleoptrata was named Scolopendra coleoptrata in 1758.
Notes
References
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a
b
c
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e
f
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a
b
Norman I. Platnick (June 7, 2010).
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a
b
Norman I. Platnick (June 1, 2010).
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^
a
b
c
d
Norman I. Platnick (May 21, 2010).
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^
Norman I. Platnick (May 21, 2010).
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^
a
b
Norman I. Platnick (June 4, 2010).
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^
a
b
c
Norman I. Platnick (May 27, 2010).
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^
a
b
c
Norman I. Platnick (June 3, 2010).
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b
Norman I. Platnick (June 11, 2010).
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^
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b
c
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^
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Category:Systema Naturae
Systema Naturae, Aptera
Vermes
Information
In 1758, in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae , the Swedish
scientist and
taxonomist
Carl Linnaeus described the
class "
Vermes " as:
[1]
Animals of slow motion, soft substance, able to increase their bulk and restore parts which have been destroyed, extremely tenatious of life, and the inhabitants of moist places. Many of them are without a distinct head, and most of them without feet. They are principally distinguished by their tentacles (or feelers). By the Ancients they were not improperly called imperfect animals, as being destitute of ears, nose, head, eyes and legs; and are therefore totally distinct from Insects.
Linnaean Characteristics
[2]
Heart : 1 auricle, 0 ventricles. Cold,
pus -like blood.
Spiracles : obscure
Jaw : various
Penis : frequently hermaphrodites
Organs of Sense : tentacles (generally), eyes, no brain, no ears, no nostrils
Covering : calcareous or none, except spines
Supports : no feet, no fins. Crawls in Moise Places & are Mute
The class Vermes, as Linnaeus conceived it, was a rather diverse and mismatched grouping of animals; basically it served as a
wastebasket taxon for any invertebrate species that was not an arthropod. With the advent of the scientific understanding of evolution, it became clear that many of the animals in these groups were not in fact closely related, and so the class Vermes was dropped for several (at least 30) phyla.
Intestina
Gordius (
horsehair worms )
The
common earthworm was named Lumbricus terrestris in 1758.
Furia
Furia infernalis – Despite the many accounts of this purported animal by respected authorities, including
Daniel Solander and Linnaeus himself, it is now accepted that no such animal exists.
[5]
Lumbricus (
earthworms )
Ascaris (
giant intestinal roundworms )
Fasciola (
liver flukes )
The
sheep liver fluke was named Fasciola hepatica in 1758.
Hirudo (
leeches )
Myxine (
hagfishes )
Teredo (
shipworms )
Mollusca
The
black slug was named Limax ater in 1758.
Limax (
terrestrial slugs )
Doris (
dorid nudibranchs )
Tethys (
tethydid sea slugs )
The
beadlet anemone was named Priapus equinus in 1758.
Nereis (
polychaete worms )
Nereis lacustris –
Stylaria lacustris
Nereis caerulea
Nereis gigantea
Nereis pelagica
Nereis noctiluca
Aphrodita (
sea mice )
Aphrodita squamata
Aphrodita aculeata
Lernaea (
anchor worms )
Priapus (
priapulid worms &
anemones )
Scyllaea (
scyllaeid sea slugs )
Holothuria (
salps &
Man o' Wars )
Triton (
triton snails )
The
common cuttlefish was named Sepia officinalis in 1758.
Sepia (
octopuses ,
squid , &
cuttlefish )
The
moon jellyfish was named Medusa aurita in 1758.
Medusa (
jellyfish )
The
horned sea star was named Asterias nodosa in 1758.
Asterias (
starfish )
[14]
The
black sea urchin was named Echinus lixula in 1758.
Echinus (
sea urchins &
sand dollars )
Testacea
Chiton (
chitons )
Barnea candida was named Pholas candidus in 1758.
Chiton hispidus
Chiton tuberculatus – West Indian green chiton
Chiton aculeatus
Chiton punctatus
Lepas (
barnacles )
The
common softshell was named Myes arenaria in 1758.
Pholas (
piddocks & angelwings )
Myes (
soft-shell clams )
The
pod razor was named Solen siliqua in 1758.
Solen (
razor clams )
Solen vagina
Solen siliqua –
Pod razor
Solen ensis
Solen legumen
Solen cultellus
Solen radiatus
Solen strigilatus
Solen anatinus
Solen bullatus
Solen inaequivalvis
The
Baltic tellin was named Tellina balthica in 1758.
Tellina (
tellins )
Tellina gargadia
Tellina linguafelis
Tellina virgata
Tellina gari
Tellina fragilis –
Gastrana fragilis
Tellina albida
Tellina foliacea
Tellina planata
Tellina laevigata –
smooth tellin
Tellina radiata –
sunrise tellin
Tellina rostrata
Tellina trifasciata
Tellina incarnata
Tellina donacina –
Donax tellin
Tellina balaustina
Tellina remies
Tellina scobinata
Tellina lactea
Tellina carnaria
Tellina bimaculata
Tellina balthica –
Baltic tellin
Tellina pisiformis
Tellina divaricata
Tellina digitaria
Tellina cornea
The
common cockle was named Cardium edule in 1758.
Cardium (
cockles )
Cardium costatum
Cardium cardissa
Cardium hemicardium
Cardium medium
Cardium muricatum –
Acanthocardia aculeata
Cardium echinatum –
Acanthocardia echinata
Cardium ciliare
Cardium tuberculatum –
Acanthocardia tuberculata
Cardium isocardia
Cardium fragum
Cardium unedo
Cardium muricatum
Cardium magnum
Cardium flavum
Cardium laevigatum
Cardium serratum
Cardium triste
Cardium corallinum
Cardium solidum
Cardium edule –
common cockle
Cardium rusticum
Cardium pectinatum
Cardium stultorum
Cardium virgineum
Cardium humanum
Donax (
wedge shells )
The
hard clam was named Venus mercenaria in 1758.
Donax pubescens
Donax rugosa
Donax trunculus
Donax denticulata
Donax cuneata
Donax scripta
Donax muricata
Donax irus
The
warty venus was named Venus verrucosa in 1758.
Venus (
Venus clams )
Venus dione
Venus marica
Venus dysera
Venus verrucosa –
warty venus
Venus casina
Venus gallina –
Chamelea gallina
Venus petulca
Venus erycina
Venus mercenaria –
hard clam
Venus chione
Venus maculata
Venus meretrix
Venus scortum
Venus laeta
Venus castrensis
Venus phryne
Venus meroë
Venus deflorata
Venus fimbriata
Venus reticulata
Venus squamosa
Venus tigerina
Venus prostrata
Venus pensylvanica
Venus incrustata
Venus punctata
Venus exoleta
Venus orbicularis
Venus ziczac
Venus pectinata
Venus scripta
Venus edentula
Venus lupinus
Venus literata
Venus rotundata
Venus decussata
Spondylus (
thorny oysters )
Spondylus gaederopus
Spondylus regius
Chama (
jewel box shells )
Chama lazarus
Chama gigas
Chama hippopus
Chama antiquata
Chama semiorbiculata
Chama calyculata
Chama cordata
Chama oblonga
Chama gryphoides
Chama bicornis
Arca (
ark clams )
Arca tortuosa
Arca noae
Arca barbata –
Barbatia barbata
Arca pella
Arca lactea –
Striarca lactea
Arca antiquata
Arca senilis
Arca granosa
Arca decussata
Arca pallens
Arca undata
Arca pectunculus
Arca glycymeris
Arca nummaria
Arca nucleus
The
edible oyster was named Ostrea edulis in 1758.
Ostrea (
true oysters )
Ostrea maxima
Ostrea jacobaea
Ostrea ziczac
Ostrea striatula
Ostrea minuta
Ostrea pleuronectes
Ostrea obliterata
Ostrea radula
Ostrea plica
Ostrea pallium
Ostrea nodosa
Ostrea pes felis
Ostrea pellucens
Ostrea sanguinea
Ostrea varia
Ostrea pusio
Ostrea glabra
Ostrea opercularis
Ostrea gibba
Ostrea flavicans
Ostrea fasciata
Ostrea lima
Ostrea isognomum
Ostrea malleus
Ostrea folium –
Pycnodonta folium
Ostrea orbicularis
Ostrea edulis –
edible oyster
Ostrea semiaurita
Ostrea ephippium
The
blue mussel was named Mytilus edulis in 1758.
Anomia (
saddle oysters )
Anomia craniolaris
Anomia pectinata
Anomia ephippium
Anomia cepa
Anomia electrica
Anomia squamula –
prickly jingle
Anomia scobinata
Anomia aurita
Anomia retusa –
Terebratulina retusa
Anomia gryphus
Anomia pecten
Anomia striatula
Anomia reticularis
Anomia plicatella
Anomia crispa
Anomia lacunosa
Anomia fareta
Anomia caput serpentis
Anomia terebratula
Anomia angulata
Anomia hysterita
Anomia biloba
Anomia placenta
Mytilus – (
Mussels including marine and freshwater mussels)
Mytilus crista galli
Mytilus hyotis
Mytilus frons
Mytilus margaritiferus –
freshwater pearl mussel
Mytilus unguis
Mytilus lithophagus
Mytilus bilocularis
Mytilus exustus
Mytilus barbatus
Mytilus edulis –
blue mussel
Mytilus ungulatus
Mytilus modiolus
Mytilus cygneus –
swan mussel (a freshwater mussel)
Mytilus anatinus –
duck mussel (a freshwater mussel)
Mytilus viridis
Mytilus ruber
Mytilus hirundo
The
chambered nautilus was named Nautilus pompilius in 1758.
Pinna (
pen shells )
Pinna rudis –
rough penshell
Pinna nobilis
Pinna muricata
Pinna rotundata
Pinna saccata
Pinna digitiformis
Pinna lobata
Pinna pennacea
Argonauta (
paper nautiluses )
The
marbled cone was named Conus marmoreus in 1758.
Nautilus (
Nautiluses )
Nautilus pompilius –
chambered nautilus
Nautilus crista
Nautilus calcar
Nautilus crispus
Nautilus beccarii
Nautilus umbilicatus
Nautilus spirula –
Spirula spirula
Nautilus Semi-Lituus
Nautilus obliqvus
Nautilus raphanistrum
Nautilus raphanus
Nautilus granum
Nautilus radicula
Nautilus fascia
Nautilus sipunculus
Nautilus legumen
Nautilus orthocera
The
Glory-of-the-Atlantic cone was named Conus granulatus in 1758.
Conus (
Cone Snails )
The
Arabian cowry was named Cypraea arabica in 1758.
The
gnawed cowry was named Cypraea erosa in 1758.
The
tiger cowry was named Cypraea tigris in 1758.
Cypraea (
Cowries )
Bulla (
bubble shells )
Bulla ovum
Bulla volva
Bulla spelta
Bulla verrucosa
Bulla gibbosa
Bulla naucum
Bulla hydatis
Bulla ampulla
Bulla lignaria
Bulla physis
Bulla amplustre
Bulla pallida
Bulla canaliculata
Bulla fontinalis
Bulla hypnorum
Bulla cypraea
Bulla tornatilis
Bulla achatin
Bulla Auris Midae
Bulla Auris Judae
Bulla solidula
Bulla livida
Bulla coffea
Mitra paupercula was named Voluta paupercula in 1758.
Voluta (
volutes )
Voluta porphyria
Voluta oliva
Voluta ispidula
Voluta persicula
Voluta monilis
Voluta miliaria
Voluta faba
Voluta glabella
Voluta mercatoria
Voluta rustica
Voluta paupercula –
Mitra paupercula
Voluta mendicaria
Voluta tringa
Voluta cornicula
Voluta caffra
Voluta sanguisuga
Voluta vulpecula
Voluta plicaria
Voluta pertusa
Voluta mitra episcopalis
Voluta mitra papalis
Voluta musica –
music volute
Voluta vespertilio
Voluta ebraea –
Hebrew volute
oluta aethiopica –
Melo aethiopica
Voluta cymbium
Voluta olla
The
dog whelk was named Buccinum lapillus in 1758.
The
common whelk was named Buccinum undatum in 1758.
Buccinum (
true whelks )
The
pelican's foot was named Strombus pes pelecani in 1758.
Strombus (
true conchs )
The
banded dye murex was named Murex trunculus in 1758.
Purpura mancinella was named Murex mancinella in 1758.
Murex (
Murex Snails )
Trochus (
top snails )
The
great green turban was named Turbo marmoratus in 1758.
The
West Indian top shell was named Turbo pica in 1758.
Turbo (
turban snails )
The
Roman snail was named Helix pomatia in 1758.
The
common purple snail was named Helix janthina in 1758.
The
great pond snail was named Helix stagnalis in 1758.
Helix (
land snails )
Helix scarabaeus
Helix lapicida
Helix oculus capri
Helix albella
Helix striatula
Helix algira –
Zonites algirus
Helix leucas
Helix planorbis
Helix complanata
Helix ringens
Helix carocolla
Helix cornu militare
Helix vortex
Helix scabra –
Littoraria scabra
Helix gothica
Helix gualtierana
Helix cornea
Helix spirorbis
Helix contorta
Helix cornu arietis
Helix hispida
Helix ampullacea
Helix pomatia –
Roman snail
Helix glauca
Helix citrina
Helix arbustorum
Helix ungulina
Helix itala
Helix hispana
Helix lutaria –
Helix lutescens
Helix perversa
Helix janthina –
common purple snail
Helix vivipara –
Viviparus contectus a freshwater snail
Helix nemoralis –
grove snail
Helix lucorum
Helix grisea
Helix haemastoma
Helix decollata –
decollate snail
Helix pupa
Helix barbara
Helix amarula
Helix stagnalis –
great pond snail
Helix fragilis
Helix putris
Helix limosa
Helix tentaculata –
common bithynia
Helix auricularia –
big-ear radix
Helix balthica
Helix neritoidea
Helix perspicua
Helix haliotoidea
Helix ambigua
The
blotched nerite was named Nerita albicilla in 1758.
Shell & opercule of
Nerita pelotonta
Neritha (
nerites )
The
virgin paua was named Haliotis marmorata in 1758.
Haliotis (
abalones )
The brachiopod
Lingula anatina was named Patella unguis in 1758.
The
blue-rayed limpet was named Patella pellucida in 1758.
Patella (
true limpets &
brachiopods )
Dentalium (
tusk shells )
Dentalium elephantinum
Dentalium dentalis
Dentalium entalis –
Antalis entalis
Dentalium minutum
Serpula (
serpulid worms )
Lithophyta
Tubipora (
organ pipe corals )
The
organ pipe coral was named Tubipora musica in 1758.
Tubipora musica –
Organ pipe coral
Tubipora infundibuliformis
Tubipora verrucosa
Tubipora urceus
Tubipora serpens
Tubipora repens
Tubipora arenosa
Millepora (
Fire corals )
Millepora cellulosa
Millepora lichenoides
Millepora damicornis
Millepora alcicornis
Millepora reticulata
Millepora lineata
Millepora compressa
Millepora muricata
Millepora eschara
Millepora crustacea
Madrepora (
stone corals )
Madrepora acetabulum –
Acetabularia acetabulum
Madrepora verrucaria
Madrepora turbinata
Madrepora fungites
Madrepora pileus
Madrepora maeandrites
Madrepora labyrinthiformis
Madrepora areolata
Madrepora punctata
Madrepora agaricites
Madrepora truncata
Madrepora stellaris
Madrepora polygama
Madrepora favosa
Madrepora astroites
Madrepora organum
Madrepora flexuosa
Madrepora turbinata
Madrepora fascicularis
Madrepora ananas
Madrepora pertusa
Madrepora ramea
Madrepora rubra
Madrepora oculata
Madrepora virginea
Zoophyta
Isis (
soft corals )
Isis hippuris
Isis dichotoma
Isis ocracea
Isis anastatica
Isis encrinus
Gorgonia (
sea fans )
Gorgonia spiralis
Gorgonia ventalina –
Common Sea Fan
Gorgonia flabellum –
Venus Sea Fan
Gorgonia antipathes
Gorgonia ceratophyta
Gorgonia pinnata
Gorgonia aenea
Gorgonia placomus
Gorgonia abies
Alcyonium (
tunicates )
Alcyonium arboreu
Alcyonium digitatu
Alcyonium bursa
Tubularia (
Tubularia )
Eschara (
Bryozoa )
Eschara foliacea
Eschara fistulosa
Eschara fragilis
Eschara divaricata
Eschara verticillata
Corallina (
coralline algae )
Corallina opuntia
Corallina officinalis
Corallina squamata
Corallina corniculata
Corallina barbata
Corallina fragilissima
Corallina rubens –
Jania rubens
Corallina cristata
Corallina spermophoros
Corallina penicillus
Sertularia (
Bryozoa )
Sertularia rosacea
Sertularia pumila
Sertularia operculata
Sertularia tamarisca
Sertularia abietina
Sertularia cupressina
Sertularia argentea
Sertularia avicularia
Sertularia rugosa
Sertularia halecina
Sertularia thuja
Sertularia eburnea –
Crisia eburnea
Sertularia cornuta
Sertularia myriophyllum
Sertularia falcata
Sertularia pluma
Sertularia antennina
Sertularia verticillata
Sertularia volubilis
Sertularia cuscuta
Sertularia uva –
Walkeria uva
Sertularia lendigera
Sertularia geniculata
Sertularia dichotoma
Sertularia spinosa
Sertularia pinnata
Sertularia polyzonias
Sertularia setacea
Sertularia stipulata
Sertularia pennaria
Sertularia lichenastrum
Sertularia cedrina
Sertularia purpurea
Sertularia flexuosa
Sertularia bursaria
Sertularia loricata
Sertularia fastigiata
Sertularia neritina –
Bugula neritina
Sertularia scruposa
Sertularia reptans
Sertularia ciliata
Sertularia chelata
Sertularia anguina –
Aetea anguina
Sertularia polypina
Hydra
Hydra polypus
Hydra campanulata
Hydra socialis
Hydra stentoria
Hydra pyraria
Hydra convallaria
Hydra crataegaria
Hydra opercularia
Hydra umbellaria
Hydra berberina
Hydra digitalis
Pennatula (
sea pens )
The
chlorophyte
Volvox was included among the animals in the 1758 Systema Naturae as two species: Volvox globator & Volvox chaos
Pennatula phosphorea
Pennatula filosa
Pennatula sagitta
Pennatula mirabilis
Taenia (
tapeworms )
Taenia solium – pork tapeworm
Taenia vulgaris
Taenia lata
Taenia canina
Volvox
References
^
Carl von Linné , translated by
William Turton (1806).
Volume 4: Worms . A general system of nature: through the three grand kingdoms of animals, vegetables, and minerals, systematically divided into their several classes, orders, genera, species, and varieties. London: Lackington, Allen, and Co.
^
Carl von Linné , translated by
William Turton (1806).
Volume 1 . A general system of nature: through the three grand kingdoms of animals, vegetables, and minerals, systematically divided into their several classes, orders, genera, species, and varieties. London: Lackington, Allen, and Co.
^
"Gordius aquaticus" at the
Encyclopedia of Life
^ F. E. G. Cox (2002).
"History of Human Parasitology" .
Clinical Microbiology Reviews . 15 (4): 595–612.
doi :
10.1128/CMR.15.4.595-612.2002 .
PMC
126866 .
PMID
12364371 .
^
Arthur de Capell Brooke (1827).
"On the Furia infernalis " .
Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal . 3 : 39–43.
^
"Erpobdella octoculata (Linnaeus 1758)" .
Fauna Europaea . Retrieved January 11, 2011 .
^ Martin Lindsey Christoffersen (2009).
"A catalogue of Helobdella (Annelida, Clitellata, Hirudinea, Glossiphoniidae), with a summary of leech diversity, from South America" (PDF) .
Neotropical Biology and Conservation . 4 (2): 89–98.
doi :
10.4013/nbc.2009.42.04 .
^
a
b
[1]
^ WoRMS (2010).
"Pontobdella muricata (Linnaeus, 1758)" .
World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved January 11, 2011 .
^
a
b
c G. Boxshall (2010). T. C. Walter & G. Boxshall (ed.).
"Lernaea Linnaeus, 1758" . World Copepoda database .
World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved October 4, 2010 .
^ P. Bouchet (2010).
"Sepia octopodia Linnaeus, 1758" .
World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved January 11, 2011 .
^
http://biostor.org/reference/2731.text
^
http://data.gbif.org/species/13870254
^ C. Mah & H. Hansson (2010). C. L. Mah (ed.).
"Asterias Linnaeus, 1758" . World Asteroidea database .
World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved January 11, 2011 .
^ Carl August Nilsson-Cantell (1978). Cirripedia Thoracica and Acrothoracica . Issue 5 of Marine Invertebrates of Scandinavia. Universitetsforlag. p. 57.
ISBN
978-82-00-01670-0 .
^ Dora P. Henry & Patsy A. McLaughlin (1986).
"The Recent species of Megabalanus (Cirripedia: Balanomorpha) with special emphasis on Balanus tintinnabulum (Linnaeus) sensu lato" (
PDF ) .
Zoologische Verhandelingen . 235 : 1–69, figs. 1–14.
^ Michael G. Frick & Arnold Ross (2001).
"Will the real Chelonibia testudinaria please come forward: an appeal" . Marine Turtle Newsletter . 94 : 16–17.
^ T. Y. Leung & D. S. Jones (2000).
"Barnacles (Cirripedia: Thoracia) from epibenthis substrata in the shallow offshore waters of Hong Kong" . In Brian Morton (ed.). The marine flora and fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China V .
Hong Kong University Press . pp. 105–127.
ISBN
978-962-209-525-0 .
^ WoRMS (2010).
"Lepas anatifera Linnaeus, 1758" .
World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved August 30, 2010 .
^ Guiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M.
"Volvox globator " .
AlgaeBase . World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.
DEFAULTSORT:Vermes In The 10th Edition Of Systema Naturae
Category:Systema Naturae
Systema Naturae, Vermes