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In the 10th edition of Systema Naturae ,
Carl Linnaeus described the
Pisces as:
[1]
Always inhabiting the waters; are swift in their motion and voracious in their appetites. They breathe by means of gills, which are generally united by a bony arch; swim by means of radiate fins, and are mostly covered over with cartilaginous scales. Besides the parts they have in common with other animals, they are furnished with a nictitant membrane, and most of them with a swim-bladder, by the contraction or dilatation of which, they can raise or sink themselves in their element at pleasure.
Linnaean Characteristics
[1]
Heart : 1 auricle, 1 ventricle. Cold, dark red blood
Gills : external
Jaw : incumbent
Penis : (usually) none
Eggs : without whites
Organs of Sense : tongue, nostrils?, eyes, ears
Covering : imbricate scales
Supports : fins. Swims in the Water & Smacks.
Apodes
The
European eel was named Muraena angvilla in 1758.
Muraena (
eels )
Gymnotus (
electric knifefishes )
Trichiurus (
cutlassfishes )
The
seawolf was named Anarhichas lupus in 1758.
Anarhichas (
wolffishes )
Ammodytes (
sand eels )
Stromateus (
butterfishes )
Xiphias (
swordfishes )
Jugulares
Callionymus (
dragonets )
Uranoscopus (
stargazers )
Trachinus (
weevers )
The
Atlantic cod was named Gadus morhua & Gadus callarias in 1758.
Gadus (
cod & kin)
The
butterfly blenny was named Blennius ocellaris in 1758.
Blennius (
blennies )
Ophidion (
cusk-eels )
Thoracici
Cyclopterus
Cyclopterus (
Lumpfishes )
Echeneis
Echeneis (
Remoras )
Coryphaena
Coryphaena (
Dolphinfishes )
Gobius
The
black goby was named Gobius niger & Gobius jozo in 1758.
Gobius (
Gobies )
Cottus
Cottus (
Sculpins )
Scorpaena
Scorpaena (
Scorpionfishes )
Zeus
The
lookdown was named Zeus vomer in 1758.
Zeus (
John Dories & kin)
Pleuronectes
The
European plaice was named Pleuronectes platessa in 1758.
Pleuronectes (
Flatfishes )
Chaetodon
The
Moorish idol was named Chaetodon canescens & Chaetodon cornutus in 1758.
Chaetodon (
Butterflyfishes ,
Angelfishes , & kin)
Sparus
The
red porgy was named Sparus orphus & Sparus pagrus in 1758.
Sparus (
Breams and Porgies )
Labrus
The
goldsinny wrasse was named Labrus suillus & Labrus rupestris in 1758.
Labrus (
Wrasses ,
Parrotfishes , & kin)
Sciaena
Sciaena (
Snappers &
Croakers )
Perca
The
European perch was named Perca fluviatilis in 1758.
Perca (
Perch ,
Grouper , & kin)
Gasterosteus
The
red lionfish was named Gasterosteus volitans in 1758.
The
flying gurnard was named Gasterosteus spinarella & Trigla volitans in 1758.
Gasterosteus (
Sticklebacks & kin)
Scomber
The
Atlantic mackerel was named Scomber scombrus in 1758.
Scomber (
Mackerel &
Tuna )
Mullus
The red mullet was named
Mullus surmuletus in 1758.
Mullus (
Goatfishes )
Trigla
Trigla (
Sea robins )
Abdominales
Cobitis (
Loaches )
The
walking catfish was named Silurus batrachus in 1758.
Silurus (
Catfishes )
Loricaria (
Suckermouth Catfishes )
The
Atlantic salmon was named Salmo salar in 1758.
The
brown trout was named Salmo eriox , Salmo trutta , Salmo fario & Salmo lacustris in 1758.
Salmo (
Salmon ,
Trout , & kin)
Fistularia (
Cornetfishes )
The
longnose gar was named Esox osseus in 1758.
Esox (
Pike ,
Gar , and kin)
Argentina (
Herring smelts )
Atherina (
Silversides )
Mugil (
Mullet )
Exocoetus (
Flying fishes )
Polynemus (
Threadfins )
The
European anchovy was named Clupea encrasicolus in 1758.
Clupea (
Herring ,
Hatchetfishes , & kin)
The
common carp was named Cyprinus carpio in 1758.
Cyprinus (
Carp & kin)
Branchiostegi
The
queen triggerfish was named Balistes vetula in 1758.
Mormyrus (
Elephantfishes )
Balistes (
Triggerfishes )
The
yellow boxfish was named Ostracion tuberculatus & Ostracion cubicus in 1758.
Ostracion (
Boxfishes & Cowfishes )
Tetraodon (
Pufferfishes &
Sunfishes )
The
long-spine porcupinefish was named Diodon holocanthus in 1758.
Diodon (
Porcupinefishes )
Centriscus (
Shrimpfishes )
Syngnathus (
Pipefishes &
Seahorses )
Pegasus (
Seamoths )
References
^
a
b
Carl von Linné , translated by
William Turton (1806).
Volume 1 . A general system of nature: through the three grand kingdoms of animals, vegetables, and minerals, systematically divided into their several classes, orders, genera, species, and varieties. London: Lackington, Allen, and Co.