From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Family of insects
Alderflies are
megalopteran
insects of the
family Sialidae . They are closely related to the
dobsonflies and
fishflies as well as to the
prehistoric
Euchauliodidae . All living alderflies – about 66
species all together
[1] – are part of the
subfamily Sialinae , which contains nine extant
genera .
[2]
Description
Sialinae have a body length of less than 25 mm (1 inch), long filamentous
antennae , and four large dark
wings of which the
anterior pair is slightly longer than the posterior. They lack
ocelli and their fourth
tarsal segment is dilated and deeply bilobed. Dead alderfly larvae are used as bait in fishing.
[3]
Life cycle
The females lay a vast number of eggs on grass stems near water. When the larvae are born they drop into the water or the ground nearby it and make their way into their new aquatic biome. The
larvae are aquatic, active, armed with strong sharp mandibles, and breathe by means of seven pairs of abdominal
branchial filaments. When full sized, which takes between one and two years, they leave the water and spend a quiescent
pupal stage on the land before
metamorphosis into the sexually mature insect. Adult alderflies stay near to the water in which they had lived when they were younger. Once in their adult stage, they tend to live only 2 to 3 weeks, which they spend mainly in reproducing.
Classification
In addition to the nine living genera,
[2] there are several genera of
fossil alderflies.
[4]
Sialis lutaria larva
Larva
Family Sialidae
Genus †
Dobbertinia Handlirsch 1920
Green Series , Germany, Early Jurassic (
Toarcian )
Subfamily †Sharasialinae Liu, Hayashi & D.Yang, 2015
Subfamily Sialinae Leach in Brewster, 1815
Genus
Austrosialis Tillyard, [1919]
Genus
Caribesialis Ardila-Camacho, Martins & Contreras-Ramos, 2021
Genus †
Dobbertinia Handlirsch in Schröder, 1920
Genus †
Eosialis Nel, Menier, De Ploëg, Hodebert & Danvin, 2002
Genus
Haplosialis Navás, 1927
Genus †
Haplosialodes Huang, Azar, Engel, Cai, Garrouste & Nel, 2016
Genus
Ilyobius Enderlein, 1910
Species †
Ilyobius balticus (Wichard, 1997)
Species
Ilyobius bimaculata Banks, 1920
Species †
Ilyobius cascus (Engel & Grimaldi, 2007)
Species
Ilyobius chilensis (McLachlan, (1871)
Species
Ilyobius curvatus Liu, Hayashi & D. Yang, 2015b
Species
Ilyobius flammatus Penny, (1981)
Species
Ilyobius flavicollis (Enderlein, 1910)
Species
Ilyobius hauseri Contreras-Ramos, Fiorentin & Urakami, (2005)
Species †
Ilyobius herrlingi Wichard, 2002
Species
Ilyobius mexicana (Banks, 1901)
Species
Ilyobius nigrocephalus Ardila-Camacho, Martins & Contreras-Ramos in Ardila-Camacho et al., 2021
Species
Ilyobius nubila Navás, 1933b
Species
Ilyobius ranchograndis Contreras-Ramos, 2006b
Genus
Indosialis Lestage, 1927
Genus
Leptosialis Esben-Petersen, 1920
Genus †
Proindosialis Nel, 1988
Genus
Protosialis van der Weele, 1909
Genus
Sialis Latreille, 1802
Species Approximately 90
Species
Sialis abchasica Vshivkova, 1985
Species
Sialis aequalis Banks, 1920
Species
Sialis americana (Rambur, 1842)
Species
Sialis annae Vshivkova, 1979
Species
Sialis arvalis Ross, 1937
Species
Sialis atra Navás, (1928)
Species
Sialis bifida Hayashi & Suda, 1997
Species
Sialis bilineata Say, 1823
Species
Sialis bilobata Whiting, 1991
Species
Sialis californica Banks, 1920
Species
Sialis chilensis McLachlan, (1871)
Species
Sialis concava Banks, 1897
Species
Sialis contigua Flint, 1964
Species
Sialis cornuta Ross, 1937
Species
Sialis didyma Navás, 1916
Species
Sialis dorochovae Vshivkova, 1985
Species
Sialis dorsata Say, 1823
Species
Sialis dreisbachi Flint, 1964
Species
Sialis elegans X.-y. Liu & D. Yang, 2006
Species
Sialis flavicollis Enderlein, 1910
Species
Sialis formosana Esben-Petersen, 1913
Species
Sialis frequens Okamoto, 1905
Species
Sialis fuliginosa F. Pictet, 1836
Species
Sialis fumosa Navás, 1915
Species
Sialis glabella Ross, 1937
Species
Sialis gonzalezi Vshivkova, 1985
Species †
Sialis groehni Wichard, 1997
Species
Sialis hamata Ross, 1937
Species
Sialis hasta Ross, 1937
Species
Sialis henanensis X.-y. Liu & D. Yang, 2006
Species
Sialis imbecilla Say, 1823
Species
Sialis immarginata Say, 1823
Species
Sialis infumata Newman, 1838
Species
Sialis iola Ross, 1937
Species
Sialis itasca Ross, 1937
Species
Sialis japonica van der Weele, 1909
Species
Sialis jianfengensis D. Yang et al., 2002
Species
Sialis joppa Ross, 1937
Species
Sialis klingstedti Vshivkova, 1985
Species
Sialis kunmingensis X.-y. Liu & D. Yang, 2006
Species
Sialis levanidovae Vshivkova, 1980
Species
Sialis longidens Klingstedt, (1932)
Species
Sialis lutaria (Linnaeus, 1758)
Species
Sialis martynovae Vshivkova, 1980
Species
Sialis melania Nakahara, 1915
Species
Sialis mohri Ross, 1937
Species
Sialis morio Klingstedt, (1933)
Species
Sialis morrisoni K. Davis, 1903
Species
Sialis muratensis Nel, 1988
Species
Sialis nevadensis K. Davis, 1903
Species
Sialis nigripes E. Pictet, 1865
Species
Sialis nina Townsend, 1939
Species
Sialis occidens Ross, 1937
Species
Sialis rotunda Banks, 1920
Species
Sialis sibirica McLachlan, 1872
Species
Sialis sinensis Banks, (1940)
Species
Sialis sordida Klingstedt, (1933)
Species
Sialis spangleri Flint, 1964
Species
Sialis strausi Illies, 1967
Species
Sialis vagans Ross, 1937
Species
Sialis vanderweelei U. Aspöck & H. Aspöck, 1983
Species
Sialis velata Ross, 1937
Species
Sialis versicoloris X.-y. Liu & D. Yang, 2006
Species
Sialis yamatoensis Hayashi & Suda, 1995
Species
Sialis zhiltzovae Vshivkova, 1985
Genus
Stenosialis Tillyard, (1919)
Sialis lutaria is the commonest alderfly in the
United Kingdom
[5] and across much of Europe.
References
^ Engel, M.S.; Grimaldi D.A. (2007).
"The neuropterid fauna of Dominican and Mexican amber (Neuropterida, Megaloptera, Neuroptera)" . American Museum Novitates (3587): 1–58.
doi :
10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3587[1:TNFODA]2.0.CO;2 .
hdl :
2246/5880 .
^
a
b Martins, Caleb C.; Ardila-Camacho, Adrian; Rivera-Gasperín, Sara Lariza; Oswald, John D.; Liu, Xingyue; Contreras-Ramos, Atilano (2022-04-08).
"A world checklist of extant and extinct species of Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida)" . European Journal of Taxonomy . 812 : 1–93.
doi :
10.5852/ejt.2022.812.1727 .
ISSN
2118-9773 .
^
fly fishing entomology alderfy entry
^ Liu, Xingyue; Hayashi, Fumio; Yang, Ding (2014-02-07).
"Phylogeny of the family Sialidae (Insecta: Megaloptera) inferred from morphological data, with implications for generic classification and historical biogeography" . Cladistics . 31 (1): 18–49.
doi :
10.1111/cla.12071 .
ISSN
0748-3007 .
^
Arkive (2006):
Alderfly - Sialis lutaria . Retrieved 28 June 2006.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
Sialidae .
Look up
alderfly in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.