The following outline is provided as an overview and topical guide to Oceania.
Oceania is a geographical, and geopolitical, region consisting of numerous lands—mostly islands in the Pacific Ocean and vicinity. The term is also sometimes used to denote a continent comprising Australia and proximate Pacific islands. [1] [2] [3] [4]
The boundaries of Oceania are defined in a number of ways. Most definitions include parts of Australasia such as Australia, New Zealand, and New Guinea, and parts of Maritime Southeast Asia. [5] [6] [7] Ethnologically, the islands of Oceania are divided into the subregions of Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. [8]
General reference
- Pronunciation (
IPA)
- UK: /ˌəʊ.ʃiˈɑːn.(iː.)ə/
- US: /ˌoʊʃiˈæniə/
- Common English name(s): Oceania, Oceanica [9]
- Official English name(s): Oceania
- Adjectival(s): Oceanian
- Demonym(s): Oceanians
Geography of Oceania
- Oceania is
- A geopolitical and geographical region
- One of the eight terrestrial realms
- Location
-
Pacific Ocean
- Mostly in the South Pacific
- Extreme points of Oceania
- Elevation extremes
- Highest point: Puncak Jaya in Papua at 4,884 m (16,024 ft)
- Lowest point: Lake Eyre, Australia at 16 m (52 ft) below sea level
- Southernmost points of Oceania
- Extreme points by region
- Extreme points of Australasia
- Elevation extremes
-
Pacific Ocean
- Population of Oceania: 34,748,972
- Atlas of Oceania
Geography of Oceania by region
Geography of Oceania by country and territory
- Geography of American Samoa [10]
- Geography of the Ashmore and Cartier Islands [11] (Australia)
- Geography of Australia
- Geography of the Cook Islands [12](New Zealand)
- Geography of the Coral Sea Islands [11] (Australia)
- Geography of Easter Island [13] (Chile)
- Geography of Fiji
- Geography of French Polynesia [14] (France)
- Geography of Guam [10] (United States)
- Geography of Hawaii [15](United States)
- Geography of Indonesia [16]
- Geography of Kiribati
- Geography of the Marshall Islands
- Geography of the Federated States of Micronesia
- Geography of Nauru
- Geography of New Caledonia [14] (France)
- Geography of New Zealand
- Geography of Niue [12] (New Zealand)
- Geography of Norfolk Island [11] (Australia)
- Geography of the Northern Mariana Islands [10] (United States)
- Geography of Palau
- Geography of Papua New Guinea
- Geography of the Pitcairn Islands [17] (United Kingdom)
- Geography of Samoa
- Geography of the Solomon Islands
- Geography of East Timor [18] [19]
- Geography of Tokelau [20] (New Zealand)
- Geography of Tonga
- Geography of Tuvalu
- Geography of Vanuatu
- Geography of Wallis and Futuna [14] (France)
- United States Minor Outlying Islands: [21]
- Geography of the Ogasawara Islands (Japan):
Environment of Oceania
Climate of Oceania
- Climate of American Samoa [10]
- Climate of the Ashmore and Cartier Islands [11] (Australia)
- Climate of Australia
- Climate of the Cook Islands [12](New Zealand)
- Climate of the Coral Sea Islands [11] (Australia)
- Climate of Easter Island [13] (Chile)
- Climate of Fiji
- Climate of French Polynesia [14] (France)
- Climate of Guam [10] (United States)
- Climate of Hawaii [15] (United States)
- Climate of Indonesia [16]
- Climate of Kiribati
- Climate of the Marshall Islands
- Climate of the Federated States of Micronesia
- Climate of Nauru
- Climate of New Caledonia [14] (France)
- Climate of New Zealand
- Climate of Niue [12] (New Zealand)
- Climate of Norfolk Island [11] (Australia)
- Climate of the Northern Mariana Islands [10] (United States)
- Climate of Palau
- Climate of Papua New Guinea
- Climate of the Pitcairn Islands [17] (United Kingdom)
- Climate of Samoa
- Climate of the Solomon Islands
- Climate of East Timor [18] [19]
- Climate of Tokelau [20] (New Zealand)
- Climate of Tonga
- Climate of Tuvalu
- Climate of Vanuatu
- Climate of Wallis and Futuna [14] (France)
- United States Minor Outlying Islands: [21]
- Climate of the Ogasawara Islands (Japan):
Ecology of Oceania
- Ecology of the Ashmore and Cartier Islands [11] (Australia)
- Ecology of Easter Island [13] (Chile)
- Ecology of Indonesia [16]
Geology of Oceania
- Geology of Australia
- Geology of Easter Island [13] (Chile)
- Geology of Indonesia [16]
- Geology of Nauru
- Geology of New Zealand
Wildlife of Oceania
Flora of Oceania
Fauna of Oceania
Natural geographic features of Oceania
- Islands of Oceania
- Islands of Australasia
- Islands of Melanesia
- Islands of Micronesia
- Islands of Polynesia
- Mountains of Oceania
- Rivers of Oceania
- Rock formations in Oceania
Regions of Oceania
Biogeographic divisions of Oceania
- Realms of Oceania
Political divisions of Oceania
Sovereign states and dependencies (listed in italic) that have at least some territory lying within Oceania:
American Samoa
[10]-
Ashmore and Cartier Islands
[11] -
Australia
Cook Islands
[12]-
Coral Sea Islands
[11]
Easter Island
[13]
Fiji
French Polynesia
[14]
Guam
[10]
Hawaii
[15]
Indonesia
[16]
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Federated States of Micronesia
Nauru
New Caledonia
[14]
New Zealand
Niue
[12]
Norfolk Island
[11]
Northern Mariana Islands
[10]
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Pitcairn Islands
[17]
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Timor-Leste
[18]
[19]
Tokelau
[20]
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Wallis and Futuna
[14]
Municipalities of Oceania
Demography of Oceania
- Demographics of American Samoa [10]
- Demographics of the Ashmore and Cartier Islands [11] (Australia)
- Demographics of Australia
- Demographics of the Cook Islands [12](New Zealand)
- Demographics of the Coral Sea Islands [11] (Australia)
- Demographics of Easter Island [13] (Chile)
- Demographics of Fiji
- Demographics of French Polynesia [14] (France)
- Demographics of Guam [10] (United States)
- Demographics of Hawaii [15](United States)
- Demographics of Indonesia [16]
- Demographics of Kiribati
- Demographics of the Marshall Islands
- Demographics of the Federated States of Micronesia
- Demographics of Nauru
- Demographics of New Caledonia [14] (France)
- Demographics of New Zealand
- Demographics of Niue [12] (New Zealand)
- Demographics of Norfolk Island [11] (Australia)
- Demographics of the Northern Mariana Islands [10] (United States)
- Demographics of Palau
- Demographics of Papua New Guinea
- Demographics of the Pitcairn Islands [17] (United Kingdom)
- Demographics of Samoa
- Demographics of Solomon Islands
- Demographics of East Timor [18] [19]
- Demographics of Tokelau [20] (New Zealand)
- Demographics of Tonga
- Demographics of Tuvalu
- Demographics of Vanuatu
- Demographics of Wallis and Futuna [14] (France)
- United States Minor Outlying Islands: [21]
- Demographics of the Ogasawara Islands (Japan):
Politics of Oceania
Politics of Oceania by region
- Politics of American Samoa [10]
- Politics of the Ashmore and Cartier Islands [11] (Australia)
- Politics of Australia
- Politics of the Cook Islands [12](New Zealand)
- Politics of the Coral Sea Islands [11] (Australia)
- Politics of Easter Island [13] (Chile)
- Politics of Fiji
- Politics of French Polynesia [14] (France)
- Politics of Guam [10] (United States)
- Politics of Hawaii [15](United States)
- Politics of Indonesia [16]
- Politics of Kiribati
- Politics of the Marshall Islands
- Politics of the Federated States of Micronesia
- Politics of Nauru
- Politics of New Caledonia [14] (France)
- Politics of New Zealand
- Politics of Niue [12] (New Zealand)
- Politics of Norfolk Island [11] (Australia)
- Politics of the Northern Mariana Islands [10] (United States)
- Politics of Palau
- Politics of Papua New Guinea
- Politics of the Pitcairn Islands [17] (United Kingdom)
- Politics of Samoa
- Politics of the Solomon Islands
- Politics of East Timor [18] [19]
- Politics of Tokelau [20] (New Zealand)
- Politics of Tonga
- Politics of Tuvalu
- Politics of Vanuatu
- Politics of Wallis and Futuna [14] (France)
- United States Minor Outlying Islands: [21]
- Politics of the Ogasawara Islands (Japan):
Governments of the countries and dependencies of Oceania
- Government of American Samoa [10]
- Government of the Ashmore and Cartier Islands [11] (Australia)
- Government of Australia
- Government of the Cook Islands [12](New Zealand)
- Government of the Coral Sea Islands [11] (Australia)
- Government of Easter Island [13] (Chile)
- Government of Fiji
- Government of French Polynesia [14] (France)
- Government of Guam [10] (United States)
- Government of Hawaii [15](United States)
- Government of Indonesia [16]
- Government of Kiribati
- Government of the Marshall Islands
- Government of the Federated States of Micronesia
- Government of Nauru
- Government of New Caledonia [14] (France)
- Government of New Zealand
- Government of Niue [12] (New Zealand)
- Government of Norfolk Island [11] (Australia)
- Government of the Northern Mariana Islands [10] (United States)
- Government of Palau
- Government of Papua New Guinea
- Government of the Pitcairn Islands [17] (United Kingdom)
- Government of Samoa
- Government of the Solomon Islands
- Government of East Timor [18] [19]
- Government of Tokelau [20] (New Zealand)
- Government of Tonga
- Government of Tuvalu
- Government of Vanuatu
- Government of Wallis and Futuna [14] (France)
- United States Minor Outlying Islands: [21]
- Government of the Ogasawara Islands (Japan):
Elections in Oceania
- Elections in American Samoa [10]
- Elections in the Ashmore and Cartier Islands [11] (Australia)
- Elections in Australia
- Elections in the Cook Islands [12](New Zealand)
- Elections in the Coral Sea Islands [11] (Australia)
- Elections in Easter Island [13] (Chile)
- Elections in Fiji
- Elections in French Polynesia [14] (France)
- Elections in Guam [10] (United States)
- Elections in Hawaii [15](United States)
- Elections in Indonesia [16]
- Elections in Kiribati
- Elections in the Marshall Islands
- Elections in the Federated States of Micronesia
- Elections in Nauru
- Elections in New Caledonia [14] (France)
- Elections in New Zealand
- Elections in Niue [12] (New Zealand)
- Elections in Norfolk Island [11] (Australia)
- Elections in the Northern Mariana Islands [10] (United States)
- Elections in Palau
- Elections in Papua New Guinea
- Elections in the Pitcairn Islands [17] (United Kingdom)
- Elections in Samoa
- Elections in the Solomon Islands
- Elections in East Timor [18] [19]
- Elections in Tokelau [20] (New Zealand)
- Elections in Tonga
- Elections in Tuvalu
- Elections in Vanuatu
- Elections in Wallis and Futuna [14] (France)
- United States Minor Outlying Islands: [21]
- Elections in the Ogasawara Islands (Japan):
Political parties in Oceania
- Political parties in Australia
- Political parties in the Cook Islands [12](New Zealand)
- Political parties in Fiji
- Political parties in Indonesia [16]
- Political parties in Kiribati
- Political parties in the Marshall Islands
- Political parties in the Federated States of Micronesia
- Political parties in Nauru
- Political parties in New Zealand
- Political parties in Niue [12] (New Zealand)
- Political parties in Palau
- Political parties in Papua New Guinea
- Political parties in Samoa
- Political parties in the Solomon Islands
- Political parties in East Timor [18] [19]
- Political parties in Tonga
- Political parties in Tuvalu
- Political parties in Vanuatu
Foreign relations of Oceania
- Foreign relations of Australia
- Foreign relations of the Cook Islands [12](New Zealand)
- Foreign relations of Fiji
- Foreign relations of Indonesia [16]
- Foreign relations of Kiribati
- Foreign relations of the Marshall Islands
- Foreign relations of the Federated States of Micronesia
- Foreign relations of Nauru
- Foreign relations of New Zealand
- Foreign relations of Niue [12] (New Zealand)
- Foreign relations of Palau
- Foreign relations of Papua New Guinea
- Foreign relations of Samoa
- Foreign relations of Solomon Islands
- Foreign relations of East Timor [18] [19]
- Foreign relations of Tokelau [20] (New Zealand)
- Foreign relations of Tonga
- Foreign relations of Tuvalu
- Foreign relations of Vanuatu
Diplomatic missions of Oceania
- Diplomatic missions of Australia
- Diplomatic missions of the Cook Islands [12](New Zealand)
- Diplomatic missions of Fiji
- Diplomatic missions of Indonesia [16]
- Diplomatic missions of Kiribati
- Diplomatic missions of the Marshall Islands
- Diplomatic missions of the Federated States of Micronesia
- Diplomatic missions of Nauru
- Diplomatic missions of New Zealand
- Diplomatic missions of Palau
- Diplomatic missions of Papua New Guinea
- Diplomatic missions of Samoa
- Diplomatic missions of the Solomon Islands
- Diplomatic missions of East Timor [18] [19]
- Diplomatic missions of Tonga
- Diplomatic missions of Tuvalu
- Diplomatic missions of Vanuatu
International organizations of Oceania
- Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
- Australian Doctors International
- Council of Regional Organisations in the Pacific
- Gamelan Council
- ITUC-Asia Pacific
- Pacific Islands Forum
- Pacific Islands Trade and Investment Commission
- Pacific Regional Environment Programme
- Secretariat of the Pacific Community
- South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission
Law and order in Oceania
Military of Oceania
- Military of American Samoa [10]
- Military of Australia
- Military of the Cook Islands [12](New Zealand)
- Military of Fiji
- Military of Indonesia [16]
- Military of Kiribati
- Military of the Marshall Islands
- Military of the Federated States of Micronesia
- Military of Nauru
- Military of New Caledonia [14] (France)
- Military of New Zealand
- Military of Norfolk Island [11] (Australia)
- Military of the Northern Mariana Islands [10] (United States)
- Military of Palau
- Military of Papua New Guinea
- Military of Samoa
- Military of the Solomon Islands
- Military of East Timor [18] [19]
- Military of Tonga
- Military of Tuvalu
- Military of Vanuatu
- Military of Wallis and Futuna [14] (France)
- United States Minor Outlying Islands: [21]
- Military of the Ogasawara Islands (Japan)
Local government in Oceania
History of Oceania
History of Oceania by period
History of Oceania by region
- History of American Samoa [10]
- History of the Ashmore and Cartier Islands [11] (Australia)
- History of Australia
- History of the Cook Islands [12](New Zealand)
- History of the Coral Sea Islands [11] (Australia)
- History of Easter Island [13] (Chile)
- History of Fiji
- History of French Polynesia [14] (France)
- History of Guam [10] (United States)
- History of Hawaii [15](United States)
- History of Indonesia [16]
- History of Kiribati
- History of the Marshall Islands
- History of the Federated States of Micronesia
- History of Nauru
- History of New Caledonia [14] (France)
- History of New Zealand
- History of Niue [12] (New Zealand)
- History of Norfolk Island [11] (Australia)
- History of the Northern Mariana Islands [10] (United States)
- History of Palau
- History of Papua New Guinea
- History of the Pitcairn Islands [17] (United Kingdom)
- History of Samoa
- History of Solomon Islands
- History of East Timor [18] [19]
- History of Tokelau [20] (New Zealand)
- History of Tonga
- History of Tuvalu
- History of Vanuatu
- History of Wallis and Futuna [14] (France)
- United States Minor Outlying Islands: [21]
- History of the Ogasawara Islands (Japan):
History of Oceania by subject
Culture of Oceania
- Amusement parks in Oceania
- Architecture of Oceania
- Cuisine of Oceania
- Festivals in Oceania
- Humor in Oceania
- Media in Oceania
- National symbols of Oceania
- Nudity locations
- People of Oceania
- Prostitution in Oceania
- Public holidays in Oceania
- Records of Oceania
Art in Oceania
- Art in Oceania
- Cinema of Oceania
- Literature of Oceania
- Music of Oceania
- Television in Oceania
- Theatre in Oceania
Culture of Oceania by region
- Culture of American Samoa [10]
- Culture of the Ashmore and Cartier Islands [11] (Australia)
- Culture of Australia
- Culture of the Cook Islands [12](New Zealand)
- Culture of the Coral Sea Islands [11] (Australia)
- Culture of Easter Island [13] (Chile)
- Culture of Fiji
- Culture of French Polynesia [14] (France)
- Culture of Guam [10] (United States)
- Culture of Hawaii [15](United States)
- Culture of Indonesia [16]
- Culture of Kiribati
- Culture of the Marshall Islands
- Culture of the Federated States of Micronesia
- Culture of Nauru
- Culture of New Caledonia [14] (France)
- Culture of New Zealand
- Culture of Niue [12] (New Zealand)
- Culture of Norfolk Island [11] (Australia)
- Culture of the Northern Mariana Islands [10] (United States)
- Culture of Palau
- Culture of Papua New Guinea
- Culture of the Pitcairn Islands [17] (United Kingdom)
- Culture of Samoa
- Culture of the Solomon Islands
- Culture of East Timor [18] [19]
- Culture of Tokelau [20] (New Zealand)
- Culture of Tonga
- Culture of Tuvalu
- Culture of Vanuatu
- Culture of Wallis and Futuna [14] (France)
- United States Minor Outlying Islands: [21]
- Culture of the Ogasawara Islands (Japan):
Languages of Oceania
- By region
- Fiafia
- Endangered languages in Oceania
- Extinct languages of Oceania
- Specific languages
Religion in Oceania
Religion in Oceania by political division
- Religion in American Samoa [10]
- Religion in the Ashmore and Cartier Islands [11] (Australia)
- Religion in Australia
- Religion in the Cook Islands [12](New Zealand)
- Religion in the Coral Sea Islands [11] (Australia)
- Religion in Easter Island [13] (Chile)
- Religion in Fiji
- Religion in French Polynesia [14] (France)
- Religion in Guam [10] (United States)
- Religion in Hawaii [15](United States)
- Religion in Indonesia [16]
- Religion in Kiribati
- Religion in the Marshall Islands
- Religion in the Federated States of Micronesia
- Religion in Nauru
- Religion in New Caledonia [14] (France)
- Religion in New Zealand
- Religion in Niue [12] (New Zealand)
- Religion in Norfolk Island [11] (Australia)
- Religion in the Northern Mariana Islands [10] (United States)
- Religion in Palau
- Religion in Papua New Guinea
- Religion in the Pitcairn Islands [17] (United Kingdom)
- Religion in Samoa
- Religion in the Solomon Islands
- Religion in East Timor [18] [19]
- Religion in Tokelau [20] (New Zealand)
- Religion in Tonga
- Religion in Tuvalu
- Religion in Vanuatu
- Religion in Wallis and Futuna [14] (France)
- United States Minor Outlying Islands: [21]
- Religion in the Ogasawara Islands (Japan):
Sports in Oceania
Economy and infrastructure of Oceania
- List of Oceanian countries by GDP
- Banking in Oceania
- Communications in Oceania
- Supermarket chains in Oceania
- Energy in Oceania
- Health care in Oceania
- Transport in Oceania
- Water supply and sanitation in Oceania
Economy by country and territory
- Economy of American Samoa [10]
- Economy of the Ashmore and Cartier Islands [11] (Australia)
- Economy of Australia
- Economy of the Cook Islands [12](New Zealand)
- Economy of the Coral Sea Islands [11] (Australia)
- Economy of Easter Island [13] (Chile)
- Economy of Fiji
- Economy of French Polynesia [14] (France)
- Economy of Guam [10] (United States)
- Economy of Hawaii [15](United States)
- Economy of Indonesia [16]
- Economy of Kiribati
- Economy of the Marshall Islands
- Economy of the Federated States of Micronesia
- Economy of Nauru
- Economy of New Caledonia [14] (France)
- Economy of New Zealand
- Economy of Niue [12] (New Zealand)
- Economy of Norfolk Island [11] (Australia)
- Economy of the Northern Mariana Islands [10] (United States)
- Economy of Palau
- Economy of Papua New Guinea
- Economy of the Pitcairn Islands [17] (United Kingdom)
- Economy of Samoa
- Economy of the Solomon Islands
- Economy of East Timor [18] [19]
- Economy of Tokelau [20] (New Zealand)
- Economy of Tonga
- Economy of Tuvalu
- Economy of Vanuatu
- Economy of Wallis and Futuna [14] (France)
- United States Minor Outlying Islands: [21]
- Economy of the Ogasawara Islands (Japan):
Education in Oceania
See also
References
- ^ Atlas of Canada Web Master (2004-08-17). "The Atlas of Canada - The World - Continents". Atlas.nrcan.gc.ca. Archived from the original on 2012-11-04. Retrieved 2009-04-17.
- ^ "Encarta Mexico "Oceanía"". Mx.encarta.msn.com. Archived from the original on 2009-03-17. Retrieved 2009-04-17.
-
^ Lewis, Martin W.; Kären E. Wigen (1997). The Myth of Continents: a Critique of Metageography. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 32.
ISBN
0-520-20742-4. (hbk.); pbk.).
The answer [from a scholar who sought to calculate the number of continents] conformed almost precisely to the conventional list: North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Oceania (Australia plus New Zealand), Africa, and Antarctica.
- ^ Current IOC members. International Olympic Committee: Turin 2006.
- ^ Merriam Webster's Online Dictionary Archived 2008-01-03 at the Wayback Machine (based on Collegiate vol., 11th ed.) 2006. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster, Inc.
- ^ See, e.g., The Atlas of Canada - The World - Continents Archived 2012-11-04 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "United Nations Statistics Division - Countries of Oceania". Millenniumindicators.un.org. Archived from the original on 2011-07-13. Retrieved 2009-04-17.
- ^ "Oceania" Archived 2009-02-10 at the Wayback Machine. 2005. The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Columbia University Press.
- ^ ""Oceanica" defined by Memidex/WordNet". Memidex.com. 2009-03-20. Archived from the original on September 12, 2012. Retrieved 2009-04-17.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai Insular area of the United States.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai Australian overseas territory.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Self-governing state in free association with New Zealand.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Part of the region of Valparaiso of Chile.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai French overseas department or territory.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k a State of the United States.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Some Indonesian territory could be considered as part of Asia or Oceania
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k British overseas territory.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Also known as Timor-Leste.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o East Timor could be considered as part of Asia or Oceania.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Overseas territory of New Zealand.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Excluding Navassa Island, Petrel Islands, and Serranilla Bank, which are in the Caribbean and are not part of Oceania
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