King
Kamehameha I united the islands under his rule, establishing the
Kingdom of Hawaii. He survived 9 year after the annexation of
Kauaʻi and
Niʻihau islands from
Kaumualiʻi, the last of the eight main Hawaiian Islands.
Captain
Louis Tromelin attempted to reduce trade limits on French imports and end remaining persecution of
Roman Catholics. The invasion resulted in $100,000 of damages in failure to meet the demands.
Members of the
Hawaiian Army rebel against their officers and seize ʻIolani Barracks. The mutineers end the revolt after agreeing to an offer of full amnesty for their actions.
President
Grover Cleveland threatened revolutionists after the overthrow with a military intervention by the
United States to restore the Kingdom of Hawaii, the intended intervention was rejected by
Congress.
Republic of Hawaii
After hostilities toward the Provisional Government and increasing pressure for the queen's return, the legislature formed the
Republic of Hawaii as a
de facto government.
1895 Wilcox rebellion (1895), also known as the 1895 Counter-Revolution:
Robert William Wilcox, a soldier and politician, and Colonel
Samuel Nowlein, former commander of the Royal Guard, attempted to restore the monarchy in a failed
counter-revolution. The conflict included battles at Diamond Head, Moʻiliʻili, and Mānoa.
Territory of Hawaii
William McKinley ratifies the
Newlands Resolution, a joint resolution that annexes Hawaii to the United States. The
Hawaiian Organic Act converted the government of the Republic into the government under the United States. The members of the Missionary Party continued to grow the sugar industry and imported labor from
Japan, the Philippines,
Korea and other Asian countries as well as
Puerto Rican and Portuguese immigrants to work on their
sugarcaneplantations.
Attempted reconnaissance mission to
Pearl Harbor by IJN. Mission was aborted over
O'ahu for poor visibility from clouds, but one of the planes dropped four bombs near Roosevelt High School in Honolulu. There were no casualties.
A year after the overthrow of the Missionary Party,
John A. Burns the leader of the revolutionary movement successfully lobbies the US Congress to admit Hawaii as a
state creating the
State of Hawaii.