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Genus of turtles
"Mud turtle" redirects here. For the African species, see
Pelusios .
Kinosternon is a
genus of small aquatic
turtles from the
Americas known commonly as mud turtles .
Geographic range
They are found in the United States,
Mexico ,
Central America , and South America. The greatest
species richness is in Mexico, and only three species (
K. dunni ,
K. leucostomum , and
K. scorpioides ) are found in South America.
Description
They are very similar to the
musk turtles , but generally smaller in size, and their
carapaces are not as highly
domed .
Diet
All mud turtles are
carnivorous , consuming various aquatic
invertebrates (especially
molluscs and
worms
[2] ) ,
fish , and even
carrion .
Behavior
Mud turtles live in the ground layer on the bed of bodies of slowly-flowing or still water. By burrowing deeply into mud, mud turtles are protected from danger. They occasionally like to bask in the sun.
[2]
Species
Extant
Central Chiapas mud turtle - K. abaxillare (Baur, 1925)
Tabasco mud turtle - K. acutum
Gray , 1831
[1]
Alamos mud turtle - K. alamosae
Berry & Legler, 1980
[1]
Central American mud turtle - K. angustipons Legler, 1965
[1]
Striped mud turtle - K. baurii (
Garman , 1891)
[1]
Jalisco mud turtle - K. chimalhuaca Berry,
Seidel , &
Iverson , 1996
[1]
Cora mud turtle - K. cora
Loc-Barragán et al ., 2020
[3]
Creaser's mud turtle - K. creaseri Hartweg, 1934
[1]
Dunn's mud turtle - K. dunni
Schmidt , 1947
[1]
Durango mud turtle - K. durangoense Iverson, 1979
[1]
Yellow mud turtle - K. flavescens (
Agassiz , 1857)
[1]
Herrera's mud turtle - K. herrerai
Stejneger , 1925
[1]
Rough-footed mud turtle - K. hirtipes (
Wagler , 1830)
[1]
Valley of Mexico mud turtle - K. h. hirtipes (Wagler, 1830)
[1]
Lake Chapala mud turtle - K. h. chapalaense Iverson, 1981
[1]
San Juanico mud turtle - K. h. magdalense Iverson, 1981
[1]
Viesca mud turtle - K. h. megacephalum Iverson, 1981 (extinct)
[1]
Mexican plateau mud turtle - K. h. murrayi Glass and Hartweg, 1951
[1]
Patzcuarco mud turtle - K. h. tarascense Iverson, 1981
[1]
Mexican mud turtle - K. integrum (LeConte, 1954)
[1]
White-lipped mud turtle - K. leucostomum
A.M.C. Duméril ,
Bibron &
A.H.A. Duméril , 1851
[1]
Northern white-lipped mud turtle - K. l. leucostomum A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1851
[1]
Southern white-lipped mud turtle - K. l. postinguinale (Cope, 1887)
[1]
Oaxaca mud turtle - K. oaxacae Berry & Iverson, 1980
[1]
Scorpion mud turtle - K. scorpioides (
Linnaeus , 1766)
[1]
Scorpion mud turtle (subspecies) - K. s. scorpioides (Linnaeus, 1766)
[1]
White-throated mud turtle - K. s. albogulare (A.H.A. Duméril and Bocourt, 1870)
[1]
Red-cheeked mud turtle - K. s. cruentatum (A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1851)
[1]
Sonora mud turtle - K. sonoriense (
Le Conte , 1854)
[1]
Sonora mud turtle (subspecies) - K. s. sonoriense (Le Conte, 1854)
[1]
Sonoyta mud turtle - K. s. longifemorale (Iverson, 1981)
[1]
Florida mud turtle - K. steindachneri (
Siebenrock , 1906)
[4]
Arizona mud turtle - K. stejnegeri Gilmore, 1923
[1]
[5]
Eastern mud turtle - K. subrubrum (
Bonnaterre , 1789)
[1]
Eastern mud turtle (subspecies) - K. s. subrubrum (Bonnaterre, 1789)
[1]
Mississippi mud turtle - K. s. hippocrepis (Bonnaterre, 1789)
[1]
Vallarta mud turtle - K. vogti
López-Luna et al ., 2018
[6]
Extinct
†
Kinosternon arizonense Gilmore, 1923 (known from
Plio-Pleistocene
fossil remains, formerly considered
conspecific with K. stejnegeri )
[1]
[5]
Tabasco mud turtle (Kinosternon acutum ) 6 March 2018.
Arizona mud turtle (Kinosternon arizonense ), 25 October 2018.
Creaser's mud turtle (Kinosternon creaseri ), juvenile from Yucatán, México.
Mexican mud turtle (Kinosternon integrum ), a sub-adult from the Municipality of Tula, Tamaulipas, Mexico (20 September 2003).
Oaxaca mud turtle (Kinosternon oaxacae ) La Soledad, Oaxaca, Mexico.
Scorpion mud turtle (Kinosternon scorpioides ), southern Tamaulipas, Mexico (23 September 2004).
Sonoran mud turtle (Kinosternon sonoriense ), male.
Eastern mud turtle (Kinosternon subrubrum ) plastron.
References
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Rhodin 2010 , p. 000.95-000.98
^
a
b Obst, Fritz Jürgen (1986). Turtles, Tortoises, and Terrapins (1 ed.). New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 112.
ISBN
0-312-82362-2 .
^ Loc-Barragán, Jesús A.; Reyes-Velasco, Jacobo; Woolrich-Piña, Guillermo A.; Grünwald, Christoph I.; Anaya, Myriam Venegas De; Rangel-Mendoza, Judith A.; López-Luna, Marco A. (27 November 2020).
"A New Species of Mud Turtle of Genus Kinosternon (Testudines: Kinosternidae) from the Pacific Coastal Plain of Northwestern Mexico" . Zootaxa . 4885 (4): 509–529.
doi :
10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.3 .
PMID
33311258 .
^ Rhodin, Anders G.J.; Inverson, John B.; Roger, Bour; Fritz, Uwe; Georges, Arthur; Shaffer, H. Bradley; van Dijk, Peter Paul (August 3, 2017).
"Turtles of the world, 2017 update: Annotated checklist and atlas of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status(8th Ed.)" (PDF) . Chelonian Research Monographs . 7 .
ISBN
978-1-5323-5026-9 . Retrieved October 4, 2019 .
^
a
b McCord, Robert D. (2016-02-17). "What is Kinosternon arizonense?". Historical Biology . 28 (1–2): 310–315.
Bibcode :
2016HBio...28..310M .
doi :
10.1080/08912963.2015.1053879 .
ISSN
0891-2963 .
S2CID
85572922 .
^ López-Luna, Marco A.; Cupul-Magaña, Fabio G.; Escobedo-Galván, Armando H.; González-Hernández, Adriana J.; Centenero-Alcalá, Eric; Rangel-Mendoza, Judith A.; Ramírez-Ramírez, Mariana M.; Cazares-Hernández, and Erasmo. "A Distinctive New Species of Mud Turtle from Western México". Chelonian Conservation and Biology . 2018 .
Bibliography