Liquor sales began again in the province of
Ontario for the first time since 1916. Visitors from the United States, where alcohol sales had been
banned nationwide since 1920, were allowed to purchase up to two cases apiece of whiskey, wine and beer, no more often than once a month, and only if they were issued a non-citizen permit, which required three days stay in Canada.[1]
Radio frequencies assigned by the
Federal Radio Commission, effective June 15, for 694 American radio stations.[2] All stations in the U.S. were required to begin broadcasting on their assigned AM radio frequency no later than 3:00 a.m. Eastern time on the 15th, or have their licenses taken.[3] Federal Radio Commission's new frequency allocations take effect at 3:00 am Eastern time
World lightweight boxing champion
Sammy Mandell and challenger Steve Adams (real name Steven Adamczyk) met in an exhibition bout in Kansas City. In the second round, Adams jumped back from a blow and struck his head on the top rope of the ring, fell unconscious, and was counted out. Minutes later, he was pronounced dead.[4]
Died:
Lizzie Borden, 66, who was acquitted in the 1892 ax murders of her parents
The creation of a chain of 600 vaudeville and movie theatres, largest in the United States, was announced with a $250 million merger of companies into the
Keith-Albee-Orpheum Corporation.[6]
The
Indonesian National Party (Partai Nasional Indonesia or PNI) was founded by
Sukarno (Kusno Sosrodihardjo) and
Mohammad Hatta, and guided the
Dutch East Indies to independence from the Netherlands by 1945, when Sukarno and Hatta became the first President and Vice-President of Indonesia.[8]
From the U.S.
presidential yacht Mayflower, stationed off
Cape Henry, Virginia, President Coolidge watched the most elaborate
naval review in the nation's history. In all, 98 aircraft carriers, battleships, destroyers, submarines and other
U.S. Navy vessels sailed past the Commander in Chief.[11] Unidentified sources in the Navy later claimed that Coolidge had watched only 20 minutes of the procession, wore only casual clothes, and been indifferent to the honor.[12]
Died:Robert McKim, 49, American silent film actor and vaudevillian, three weeks after he suffered a
cerebral hemorrhage on stage while performing at a vaudeville show.
Sunday, June 5, 1927
Arthur Barry, the most successful
gentleman thief in history, was arrested at the train station in
Ronkonkoma, New York, bringing to an end a career in which he stole more than five million dollars worth of jewelry from the homes of wealthy victims.[14] Barry, who used the alias Arthur Gibson,[citation needed] escaped prison in 1929 and was recaptured in 1932, then released in 1949.[15][16]
Clarence D. Chamberlin and
Charles A. Levine became the second people to fly an airplane across the Atlantic Ocean from North America, to Europe, landing the Columbia at
Eisleben, in Germany, after a nonstop flight of 3,905 miles (6,284 km) in 44 hours and 35 minutes. The duo had planned to reach Berlin but were forced to land 100 miles (160 km) short of their goal by a damaged propeller.[18]
Article 58 of the Russian Penal Code was amended to expand the number of "anti-Soviet" crimes, including "aid to social groups that are under the influence of that part of the international bourgeoisie that does not recognize the equality of rights of the Communist system", making statements in favor of "weakening" Soviet power, or possessing subversive literature. Failure to report a counter-revolutionary crime could be punishable by up to ten years in prison.[19]
Tuesday, June 7, 1927
Alvin "Shipwreck" Kelly climbed up the 50-foot (15 m) tall
flagpole at the St. Francis Hotel in
Newark, New Jersey, at 10:00 am, set a stool on the sphere at the top, and announced that he would remain there for at least eight days. Kelly, who had trained with a 7-day stunt in St. Louis in January, told reporters that the point of the stunt was to prove to the American public that it "overdoes things- especially eating", and that he would be in better physical shape after he came down than when he went up.[20] Kelly remained at his perch for 12 days and 12 hours, coming down on June 19.[21]
Pyotr Voykov, Soviet ambassador to Poland, was assassinated at the railway station in
Warsaw. He was shot by 19-year-old Boris Kowerda, an exiled Russian youth, in retaliation for having signed the death warrants in 1918 for
Tsar Nicholas II and the Russian Imperial Family.[22][23]
Wednesday, June 8, 1927
Canada sent a note of protest to
U.S. Secretary of StateFrank B. Kellogg concerning a decision to require all Canadians, working in the U.S., to obtain immigrant visas by December 1. Thousands of Canadians had, for years, commuted to jobs in the United States every day, but border restrictions were made in response to the legalization of liquor sales in Canada, which were still prohibited in the U.S.[24]
American theatrical producer
Earl Carroll began a prison sentence of one year and one day as inmate number 24,909 in the
federal prison in Atlanta, after being convicted of perjury. Carroll had created a national scandal when he had thrown a party on Washington's Birthday in 1926, featuring a nude model in a bathtub of champagne, then lied about it.[25]
A forerunner of the
musical synthesizer, the "Clavier à Lampes", was demonstrated by its inventor, Armand Givelet, at the Trocadero Theatre in Philadelphia.[27]
Died:Victoria Woodhull, 88, American leader of the campaign to give women the right to vote, and the first woman to run for U.S. President (1872)
Friday, June 10, 1927
Printing of
Nan Britton's controversial book,
The President's Daughter, was halted by New York City police, following a complaint by the
Society for the Suppression of Vice. The police were forced to release confiscated books and printing plates on June 29, and the book, in which Britton claimed that she and the late President
Warren G. Harding had had an affair, was published in 1928.[28]
Saturday, June 11, 1927
Following a week-long voyage from France, the U.S.S. Memphis sailed up the
Potomac River to return Charles Lindbergh and his plane to the United States, three weeks after his May 20 departure by airplane. "Lucky Lindy" received an enthusiastic welcome in
Washington, D.C., and was honored by the President and Mrs. Coolidge, before setting off the next day by train to New York City.[29] He became the first person to be awarded the
Distinguished Flying Cross, a medal which had been created on July 2, 1926.[30]
Sunday, June 12, 1927
The body of the last victim of American
serial killerEarle Nelson was discovered in a rooming house in
Winnipeg. Dubbed "The Gorilla Murderer" by the American press, Nelson killed at least 22 women in the U.S. over a period of a year and a half, then murdered a boardinghouse operator and a 14-year-old girl after coming to Canada. Arrested on June 15 in
Manitoba, he was convicted of the murder of Emily Patterson, and hanged on January 13, 1928.[31]
The threat of war between
Yugoslavia and
Albania, with Italy taking Albania's side, was eased at a meeting in
Geneva of the Council of Foreign Ministers at the
League of Nations. Earlier in the month, Yugoslavia had severed diplomatic relations after the arrest of an embassy employee in Tirana.[32]
Guglielmo Marconi, the inventor of wireless radio and Italy's most celebrated living scientist, married the Countess Maria Christina Bezzi-Scali in Rome. The couple received full military honors and the ceremony was attended by dictator
Benito Mussolini.[33]
Monday, June 13, 1927
A
ticker-tape parade was held for aviator
Charles Lindbergh down Fifth Avenue in New York City. An estimated 4,500,000 people turned out to watch, and millions more heard the events described in a live radio broadcast.[34]
Born:Slim Dusty (stage name for David Gordon Kilpatrick), Australian country singer-songwriter; in
Sydney (d. 2003)
Tuesday, June 14, 1927
Reinhold Glière's The Red Poppy received its first performance. Premiering in Moscow, it was the first Communist-themed ballet.[35]
President Coolidge, his wife, and his top aides arrived in
Rapid City, South Dakota, two days after leaving Washington, D.C., then traveled 32 miles (51 km) to the 40-room state game lodge.[36] For nearly three months, the President took an extended summer vacation and governed from the state park in the
Black Hills, before returning to the
White House on September 11.[37]
Thursday, June 16, 1927
Charles Lindbergh collected the $25,000
Orteig Prize, as the first person to fly an airplane between New York City and Paris.
Raymond Orteig handing him the award at the Hotel Brevoort. On the same day, Lindbergh also became the first person to receive the American
Distinguished Flying Cross (authorized July 2, 1926).[38]
Friday, June 17, 1927
American occupation troops began their withdrawal from
Nicaragua, with a small contingent group of a contingent of U.S. Marines sailing from
Corinto.[39]
Died: John R. Thompson, 62, founder of one of the first
fast foodrestaurant chains in the United States. Thompson built on the concept of the
cafeteria, catering to business people in large cities. At the time of his death, there were 120 Thompson's Restaurants in 42 states.[40]
Saturday, June 18, 1927
Marshal
Zhang Zuolin began a military dictatorship in northeast China, with Beijing as his capital, and vowed to purge the entire nation of Communists led by
Mao Zedong and Nationalists led by
Chiang Kai-shek.[41]
The first of 15 million U.S. air mail stamps, printed with a picture of the Spirit of St. Louis in honor of Lindbergh's flight to Paris, went on sale and were sought after by collectors. The 10¢ stamps went on sale in St. Louis, Detroit, Washington, and Lindbergh's boyhood hometown of
Little Falls, Minnesota.[42]
The
Geneva Naval Conference opened with representatives of the United States, the United Kingdom and Japan discussing further limitations on the building of warships, including a prohibition against
submarines. The Conference was a failure, adjourning on August 24 with no agreement.[46][47]
Aristide Briand, former Premier of France, visited the U.S. Embassy in Paris and presented his proposed treaty to outlaw war. The
Kellogg–Briand Pact would be signed in 1928 by many of the world's superpowers.[48]
Born:Pauline Newman, U.S. Circuit Judge of the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, in New York City[49]
In an incident of
antisemitism that shocked the United States, three Jewish physicians, interning at the
Kings County Hospital Center in
Brooklyn, were grabbed from their beds, bound and gagged, dunked in ice cold water, and threatened with reprisals if they did not quit the traditionally "Christian" institution. The perpetrators turned out to be other doctors, a group of twenty other interns.[50] The victims pressed charges, and six of the attackers were expelled.[51]
Born:Carl Stokes, first African-American mayor of a major U.S. city politician, in
Cleveland, where he was mayor 1968-1971 (d. 1996)
Wednesday, June 22, 1927
The
South Dakota state legislature, meeting in special session, voted unanimously to rename Lookout Mountain, elevation 5,971 feet (1,820 m), in honor of the President, who had moved to the state for the summer. Mount Coolidge overlooks what is now
Custer State Park.[52]
Thursday, June 23, 1927
General Motors CEO
Alfred P. Sloan changed automotive history by creating the "Art and Color Section" for the design of all GM automobiles, with
Harley Earl to plan vehicles that would be visually appealing.[53]
A grand jury in Los Angeles issued an indictment of 55 persons associated with the Julian Petroleum Company, on charges of conspiracy to swindle investors of millions of dollars. Sales of worthless stock had been halted on May 6.[54]
The Cleanliness Institute, with a mission of increasing sales of
personal care products through education and press releases, was founded in New York City by Sidney M. Colgate, president of the Association of American Soap and Glycerine Producers.[55] "The institute was short-lived," an observer noted 80 years later, "but helped give birth to the shelves of deodorants, soaps, shampoos, toothpastes, mouthwashes, teeth-whiteners, douches and antibacterial lotions that fill our pharmacy shelves today."[56]
Born:Bob Fosse, American choreographer and director, winner of 8
Tony Awards; in Chicago (d. 1987)
Léon Daudet, the jailed French monarchist leader and editor of L'Action française, strolled out of
La Santé Prison after the warden was tricked by a phone call. Shortly after noon, prison governor Haute took the call and was told, "This is the Minister of the Interior speaking. You are to release Leon Daudet immediately... the President of the Republic has reprieved him." Haute called the Ministry for confirmation and was answered by another plotter, who claimed to be the Minister's secretary. Released also were L'Action francaise manager Joseph Delest, and
French Communist Party leader
Pierre Semard, who were all personally escorted out the front gate by Haute.[59] Daudet went into exile in Belgium until he was pardoned in 1929.[60]
Died:Daniel D. Luckenbill, 46, Professor of
Assyriology and author of the first volume of Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia, translated by him from
cuneiform records.
Sunday, June 26, 1927
The
Pons–Winnecke Comet passed within 0.04 AU (3.7 million miles or 6 million kilometers) of Earth, making the closest approach of any
comet in the 20th century, and the closest since
Lexell's Comet on July 1, 1770.[61]
The Cyclone, at the time the world's largest and fastest
roller coaster, opened at New York's
Coney Island. Refurbished in 1975, the Cyclone continues to operate.[62]
Monday, June 27, 1927
Led by
Prime MinisterTanaka Giichi, the "Far Eastern Conference" was convened in Tokyo. Over a period of ten days, Japan's military and political leaders discussed long range strategy for the conquest of China,[63] and possibly the world. A report was made to the
Emperor following the conference, and in 1929, the "
Tanaka Memorial", purporting to be a
leaked copy of the secret document, was published. The Tanaka Memorial, whose authenticity has been questioned, described plans for Japanese control of the Pacific Ocean, including conquest of the western United States, Australia and New Zealand.[64]
Lieutenants
Lester J. Maitland and
Albert F. Hegenberger took off from
Oakland at 7:10 a.m. toward
Honolulu in a race to become the first to fly from the U.S. mainland to Hawaii. Ernest L. Smith set off at 9:38 am to catch them, but he had to return due to a defective lid on the cockpit.[65]
A
total eclipse of the Sun took place with the Moon's shadow covering the United Kingdom shortly after sunrise. As a contemporary account noted, "This is the first total eclipse of the sun that has visited Great Britain since
1724 and it will be the last seen here until
1999".[66]
Pilots Maitland and Hegneberger completed their trans-Pacific journey at 6:31 am local time, landing at
Wheeler Army Airfield in Honolulu.[67]
Filming of the MGM motion picture The Trail of '98 was marred by the deaths of stuntman Ray Thompson, and actors Joseph Bautin and F.H. Daughters. The three were filming a scene on the rapids of the
Copper River in Alaska. On the same day, actress Ethel Hall was killed on the
Merced River during the filming of the silent western Tumbling River, starring
Tom Mix and
Dorothy Dwan (for whom Miss Hall was standing in).[68]
Blood was drawn from a
yellow fever sufferer in the West African colony of the Gold Coast (now
Ghana), then used for research by Dr. Adrian Stokes and Dr. A.H. Mahaffy. The blood sample, given by a 28-year-old man named Asibi, led to the isolation and discovery of the
virus that transmits the disease.[71]
Walter Heitler and
Fritz London submitted their paper, "Wechselwirkung neutraler Atome und homöopolare Bindung nach der Quantenmechanik", for publication in Zeitschrift für Physik, an event described as "the birthday of
quantum chemistry".[73]
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^Frederic A. Leigh, Historical Dictionary of American Radio (Greenwood Publishing Group, 1998) p420
^"Radio Stations Get Ultimatum", Miami Daily News, June 14, 1927, p1
^"Mandell Scores K.O.; Opponent Dies in Ring", Milwaukee Journal, June 2, 1927, p20
^Anthony J. Mayo, et al., Entrepreneurs, Managers, and Leaders: What the Airline Industry Can Teach Us About Leadership (Macmillan, 2009) p49
^"Theatre Systems Plan Huge Merger", New York Times, June 4, 1927
^"2 Film Actors Crushed By Cars; 1 Dies" Deseret News (Salt Lake City), June 3, 1927, p1
^"Sudden Application of Rule Protested", Ottawa Evening Citizen, June 8, 1927, p1; "Canadians Protest Closing of Border-- Daily Commuters Across Line Not 'Immigrants', Reply to Kellogg", Milwaukee Journal, June 8, 1927, p13
^"Earl Becomes Prisoner 24,909 As Doors Clang", Miami Daily News, June 8, 1927, p1
^"Coalition Seen for Irish Free State Parties", Miami Daily News, June 14, 1927, p3;
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^Albert Glinsky, Theremin: Ether Music and Espionage (University of Illinois Press, 2000) p61
^Emile Gauvreau, My Last Million Readers (E.P. Dutton, 1941; Arno Press, 1974)
^"WASHINGTON MAD OVER LINDBERGH", Miami Daily News, June 12, 1927, p1
^Cromwell Gibbons, Military Decorations and Campaign Service Bars of the United States (Kessinger Publishing, 2006) p17
^Robert Graysmith, The Laughing Gorilla: A True Story of Police Corruption and Murder (Penguin, 2009); Michael Newton, The Encyclopedia of Serial Killers (Infobase Publishing, 2006) p195; "GIRL IS VICTIM OF 'PEG STRANGLER", Regina Morning Leader, June 13, 1927, p1
^"Balkan Trouble Is Source of Worry at Geneva Conference", Lewiston (ID) Morning Tribune, June 13, 1927, p1
^"Marconi Weds Countess", Reading (Pa.) Eagle, June 13, 1927, p3
^Walter S. Ross, The Last Hero: Charles A. Lindbergh (Harper & Row, 1968) p134
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^"Summer White House Opened". Sarasota Herald. June 16, 1927. p. 1.
^"President, Back at His Desk, Finds Problems of Importance Awaiting Him". San Jose Evening News. September 12, 1927. p. 3.
^Charles A. Lindbergh, The Spirit of St. Louis (Charles Scribner's Sons, 1953) p530; Cromwell Gibbons, Military Decorations and Campaign Service Bars of the United States (Kessinger Publishing, 2006) p17
^"Marines Sail From Corinto", Miami Daily News, June 18, 1927, p1
^"One-arm Lunch King Is Dead", Miami Daily News, June 18, 1927, p8; John W. Stamper, Chicago's North Michigan Avenue: Planning and Development, 1900-1930 (University of Chicago Press, 1991) p102
^Gavan McCormack, Chang Tso-lin in Northeast China, 1911-1928: China, Japan, and the Manchurian Idea (Stanford University Press, 1977) p212; "Chang Begins Dictatorship", Miami Daily News, June 19, 1927, p1
^"'Lindy' Stamp Sale Is Heavy", Miami Daily News, June 19, 1927, p1
^"Northern Railroads Plan Unification", Lewiston (Me.) Daily Sun, June 20, 1927, p1
^"Northwest Merger Off; Great Northern and Northern Pacific Permit Withdrawn by I.C.C.", New York Times, February 20, 1931, p38
^"Court Approves Big Rail Merger", New York Times, February 3, 1970, p66
^"U.S. Proposes 5-5-3 Navy Pact at Arms Meet". Pittsburgh Press. June 20, 1927. p. 1.
^Nimmo, William F. (2001). Stars and Stripes Across the Pacific: The United States, Japan, and Asia/Pacific Region, 1895-1945. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 131–132.
^Fanning, Richard W. (1995). Peace and Disarmament: Naval Rivalry & Arms Control, 1922-1933.
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^Carey McWilliams, A Mask for Privilege: Anti-Semitism in America (Little, Brown, & Co., 1948) p8;
Leonard Dinnerstein, "Antisemitism in America" Antisemitism in America (Oxford University Press US, 1995) p101
^"Mountain Named After Coolidge", St. Petersburg (FL) Evening Independent, June 23, 1927, p7
^Alfred P. Sloan, My Years with General Motors (Random House, Inc., 1963) p269
^Jules Tygiel, The Great Los Angeles Swindle: Oil, Stocks, and Scandal During the Roaring Twenties (University of California Press, 1996) p228
^Suellen Hoy, Chasing Dirt: The American Pursuit of Cleanliness (Oxford University Press US, 1996) p142
^"FOKKER PLANE HOPS OFF FOR HONOLULU; SMITH, CIVILIAN, FORCED TO TURN BACK", Miami Daily News, June 28, 1927, p1
^"Total Eclipse Darkens Britain", Pittsburgh Press, June 29, 1927, p19
^"ARMY FLYERS REACH HAWAII", Pittsburgh Press, June 29, 1927, p1
^"4 Movie Stunt Actors Killed Making Scenes", Miami Daily News, June 30, 1927, p1
^Russell E. Murphy, Critical Companion to T. S. Eliot: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work (Infobase Publishing, 2007) p18
^Claire Marie Vogel, Laguna Beach (Arcadia Publishing, 2009)
^Charles S. Bryan, A Most Satisfactory Man: The Story of Theodore Brevard Hayne, Last Martyr of Yellow Fever (University of South Carolina Press, 1996) p50