From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 is a
protein that in humans is encoded by the GNGT1
gene .
[5]
[6] Either GNGT1 or
GNGT2 is the
gamma subunit (Gγ ) of the
Gβγ part of
transducin (written G(T) or Gt ), a
heterotrimeric G-protein naturally
expressed in
vertebrate
retina
rod and
cone cells . GNGT1 only occurs in rod cells, and GNGT2 only occurs in cone cells, with a different
alpha (Gα ) subunit .
[7]
[8]
References
^
a
b
c
GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000127928 –
Ensembl , May 2017
^
a
b
c
GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029663 –
Ensembl , May 2017
^
"Human PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .
^
"Mouse PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .
^ Scherer SW, Feinstein DS, Oliveira L, Tsui LC, Pittler SJ (Sep 1996). "Gene structure and chromosome localization to 7q21.3 of the human rod photoreceptor transducin gamma-subunit gene (GNGT1)". Genomics . 35 (1): 241–3.
doi :
10.1006/geno.1996.0346 .
PMID
8661128 .
^
"Entrez Gene: GNGT1 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma transducing activity polypeptide 1" .
^ Lagman D, Sundström G, Ocampo Daza D, Abalo XM, Larhammar D (2012).
"Expansion of transducin subunit gene families in early vertebrate tetraploidizations" . Genomics . 100 (4): 203–211.
doi :
10.1016/j.ygeno.2012.07.005 .
PMID
22814267 .
^ Lerea CL, Somers DE, Hurley JB, Klock IB, Bunt-Milam AH (October 1986). "Identification of specific transducin alpha subunits in retinal rod and cone photoreceptors". Science . 234 (4772): 77–80.
Bibcode :
1986Sci...234...77L .
doi :
10.1126/science.3529395 .
PMID
3529395 .
Further reading
Simonds WF, Butrynski JE, Gautam N, et al. (1991).
"G-protein beta gamma dimers. Membrane targeting requires subunit coexpression and intact gamma C-A-A-X domain" . J. Biol. Chem . 266 (9): 5363–6.
doi :
10.1016/S0021-9258(19)67601-5 .
PMID
1706334 .
Ray K, Kunsch C, Bonner LM, Robishaw JD (1995).
"Isolation of cDNA clones encoding eight different human G protein gamma subunits, including three novel forms designated the gamma 4, gamma 10, and gamma 11 subunits" . J. Biol. Chem . 270 (37): 21765–71.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.270.37.21765 .
PMID
7665596 .
Tao L, Pandey S, Simon MI, Fong HK (1993). "Structure of the bovine transducin gamma subunit gene and analysis of promoter function in transgenic mice". Exp. Eye Res . 56 (4): 497–507.
doi :
10.1006/exer.1993.1063 .
PMID
8500562 .
Yan K, Kalyanaraman V, Gautam N (1996).
"Differential ability to form the G protein betagamma complex among members of the beta and gamma subunit families" . J. Biol. Chem . 271 (12): 7141–6.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.271.12.7141 .
PMID
8636150 .
Gaudet R, Savage JR, McLaughlin JN, et al. (1999).
"A molecular mechanism for the phosphorylation-dependent regulation of heterotrimeric G proteins by phosducin" . Mol. Cell . 3 (5): 649–60.
doi :
10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80358-5 .
PMID
10360181 .
Xu S, Ladak R, Swanson DA, et al. (2000).
"PHR1 encodes an abundant, pleckstrin homology domain-containing integral membrane protein in the photoreceptor outer segments" . J. Biol. Chem . 274 (50): 35676–85.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.274.50.35676 .
PMID
10585447 .
Marin EP, Krishna AG, Zvyaga TA, et al. (2000).
"The amino terminus of the fourth cytoplasmic loop of rhodopsin modulates rhodopsin-transducin interaction" . J. Biol. Chem . 275 (3): 1930–6.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.275.3.1930 .
PMID
10636894 .
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003).
"Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 99 (26): 16899–903.
Bibcode :
2002PNAS...9916899M .
doi :
10.1073/pnas.242603899 .
PMC
139241 .
PMID
12477932 .
Cuello F, Schulze RA, Heemeyer F, et al. (2003).
"Activation of heterotrimeric G proteins by a high energy phosphate transfer via nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) B and Gbeta subunits. Complex formation of NDPK B with Gbeta gamma dimers and phosphorylation of His-266 IN Gbeta" . J. Biol. Chem . 278 (9): 7220–6.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.M210304200 .
PMID
12486123 .
Scherer SW, Cheung J, MacDonald JR, et al. (2003).
"Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology" . Science . 300 (5620): 767–72.
Bibcode :
2003Sci...300..767S .
doi :
10.1126/science.1083423 .
PMC
2882961 .
PMID
12690205 .
Hillier LW, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, et al. (2003).
"The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7" . Nature . 424 (6945): 157–64.
Bibcode :
2003Natur.424..157H .
doi :
10.1038/nature01782 .
PMID
12853948 .
Hinrichs MV, Montecino M, Bunster M, Olate J (2005). "Mutation of the highly conserved Arg165 and Glu168 residues of human Gsalpha disrupts the alphaD-alphaE loop and enhances basal GDP/GTP exchange rate". J. Cell. Biochem . 93 (2): 409–17.
doi :
10.1002/jcb.20193 .
PMID
15368366 .
S2CID
85626429 .
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004).
"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)" . Genome Res . 14 (10B): 2121–7.
doi :
10.1101/gr.2596504 .
PMC
528928 .
PMID
15489334 .
Gao X, Sadana R, Dessauer CW, Patel TB (2007).
"Conditional stimulation of type V and VI adenylyl cyclases by G protein betagamma subunits" . J. Biol. Chem . 282 (1): 294–302.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.M607522200 .
PMID
17110384 .
Seo M, Lee MJ, Heo JH, et al. (2007).
"G Protein betagamma subunits augment UVB-induced apoptosis by stimulating the release of soluble heparin-binding epidermal growth factor from human keratinocytes" . J. Biol. Chem . 282 (34): 24720–30.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.M702343200 .
PMID
17548351 .
External links
Overview of all the structural information available in the
PDB for
UniProt :
P02698 (Bovine Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1) at the
PDBe-KB .
PDB gallery
1a0r : HETEROTRIMERIC COMPLEX OF PHOSDUCIN/TRANSDUCIN BETA-GAMMA
1b9x : STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF PHOSDUCIN AND ITS PHOSPHORYLATION-REGULATED INTERACTION WITH TRANSDUCIN
1b9y : STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF PHOSDUCIN AND ITS PHOSPHORYLATION-REGULATED INTERACTION WITH TRANSDUCIN BETA-GAMMA
1got : HETEROTRIMERIC COMPLEX OF A GT-ALPHA/GI-ALPHA CHIMERA AND THE GT-BETA-GAMMA SUBUNITS
1tbg : BETA-GAMMA DIMER OF THE HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEIN TRANSDUCIN
2trc : PHOSDUCIN/TRANSDUCIN BETA-GAMMA COMPLEX