From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
—
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
GNB1
Available structures
PDB Ortholog search:
PDBe
RCSB List of PDB id codes
4KFM ,
4PNK ,
3KRX ,
3KRW ,
1GG2 ,
1OMW ,
1GP2 ,
3AH8 ,
1XHM ,
1TBG ,
3PSC ,
3PVU ,
3UZS ,
3CIK ,
3PVW ,
3V5W ,
5HE2 ,
5HE0 ,
5HE3 ,
5HE1
Identifiers
Aliases
GNB1 , G protein subunit beta 1, MRD42, MDS, HG2AExternal IDs
OMIM :
139380
MGI :
95781
HomoloGene :
55532
GeneCards :
GNB1
RNA expression pattern
Bgee
Human
Mouse (ortholog)
Top expressed in ganglionic eminence secondary oocyte prefrontal cortex Region I of hippocampus proper orbitofrontal cortex superior vestibular nucleus stromal cell of endometrium Brodmann area 10 parietal lobe caput epididymis
Top expressed in retinal pigment epithelium visual cortex entorhinal cortex superior frontal gyrus aortic valve cingulate gyrus cumulus cell ascending aorta supraoptic nucleus corneal stroma
More reference expression data
BioGPS
Wikidata
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 is a
protein that in humans is encoded by the GNB1
gene .
[5]
Function
Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins), which integrate signals between receptors and effector proteins, are composed of an alpha, a beta, and a gamma subunit. These subunits are encoded by families of related genes. This gene encodes a beta subunit. Beta subunits are important regulators of alpha subunits, as well as of certain signal transduction receptors and effectors. This gene uses alternative polyadenylation signals.
[5]
[6]
Interactive pathway map
Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles.
[§ 1]
[[File:
|alt=Nicotine Activity on Dopaminergic Neurons
]]
Nicotine Activity on Dopaminergic Neurons
Interactions
GNB1 has been shown to
interact with
GNG4 .
[7]
[8]
Mutations
Mutations in the GNB1 gene can cause developmental delays, seizures, and other health problems. The GNB1 Advocacy Group is the primary organization in the United States connecting patients to each other and to researchers working to cure the effects of these mutations.
www.facebook.com/groups/gnb1advocacy/
https://www.gnb1.org/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554743/
References
^
a
b
c
GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000078369 –
Ensembl , May 2017
^
a
b
c
GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029064 –
Ensembl , May 2017
^
"Human PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .
^
"Mouse PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .
^
a
b
"Entrez Gene: GNB1 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 1" .
^ Ogorodnikov A, Levin M, Tattikota S, Tokalov S, Hoque M, Scherzinger D, Marini F, Poetsch A, Binder H, Macher-Göppinger S, Probst HC, Tian B, Schaefer M, Lackner KJ, Westermann F, Danckwardt S (December 2018).
"Transcriptome 3'end organization by PCF11 links alternative polyadenylation to formation and neuronal differentiation of neuroblastoma" . Nat. Commun . 9 (1): 5331.
Bibcode :
2018NatCo...9.5331O .
doi :
10.1038/s41467-018-07580-5 .
PMC
6294251 .
PMID
30552333 .
^ Ray K, Kunsch C, Bonner LM, Robishaw JD (September 1995).
"Isolation of cDNA clones encoding eight different human G protein gamma subunits, including three novel forms designated the gamma 4, gamma 10, and gamma 11 subunits" . J. Biol. Chem . 270 (37): 21765–71.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.270.37.21765 .
PMID
7665596 .
^ Yan K, Kalyanaraman V, Gautam N (March 1996).
"Differential ability to form the G protein betagamma complex among members of the beta and gamma subunit families" . J. Biol. Chem . 271 (12): 7141–6.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.271.12.7141 .
PMID
8636150 .
Further reading
Downes GB, Gautam N (1999). "The G protein subunit gene families". Genomics . 62 (3): 544–52.
doi :
10.1006/geno.1999.5992 .
PMID
10644457 .
Levine MA, Modi WS, O'Brien SJ (1990).
"Chromosomal localization of the genes encoding two forms of the G protein beta polypeptide, beta 1 and beta 3, in man" . Genomics . 8 (2): 380–6.
doi :
10.1016/0888-7543(90)90296-7 .
PMID
1979057 .
Codina J, Stengel D, Woo SL, Birnbaumer L (1986). "Beta-subunits of the human liver Gs/Gi signal-transducing proteins and those of bovine retinal rod cell transducin are identical". FEBS Lett . 207 (2): 187–92.
doi :
10.1016/0014-5793(86)81486-7 .
PMID
3095147 .
S2CID
22783787 .
Buhl AM, Osawa S, Johnson GL (1995).
"Mitogen-activated protein kinase activation requires two signal inputs from the human anaphylatoxin C5a receptor" . J. Biol. Chem . 270 (34): 19828–32.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.270.34.19828 .
PMID
7649993 .
Ray K, Kunsch C, Bonner LM, Robishaw JD (1995).
"Isolation of cDNA clones encoding eight different human G protein gamma subunits, including three novel forms designated the gamma 4, gamma 10, and gamma 11 subunits" . J. Biol. Chem . 270 (37): 21765–71.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.270.37.21765 .
PMID
7665596 .
Kozasa T, Gilman AG (1995).
"Purification of recombinant G proteins from Sf9 cells by hexahistidine tagging of associated subunits. Characterization of alpha 12 and inhibition of adenylyl cyclase by alpha z" . J. Biol. Chem . 270 (4): 1734–41.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.270.4.1734 .
PMID
7829508 .
Tsukada S, Simon MI, Witte ON, Katz A (1994).
"Binding of beta gamma subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins to the PH domain of Bruton tyrosine kinase" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 91 (23): 11256–60.
Bibcode :
1994PNAS...9111256T .
doi :
10.1073/pnas.91.23.11256 .
PMC
45206 .
PMID
7972043 .
Ueda N, Iñiguez-Lluhi JA, Lee E, Smrcka AV, Robishaw JD, Gilman AG (1994).
"G protein beta gamma subunits. Simplified purification and properties of novel isoforms" . J. Biol. Chem . 269 (6): 4388–95.
doi :
10.1016/S0021-9258(17)41792-3 .
PMID
8308009 .
Wall MA, Coleman DE, Lee E, Iñiguez-Lluhi JA, Posner BA, Gilman AG, Sprang SR (1995).
"The structure of the G protein heterotrimer Gi alpha 1 beta 1 gamma 2" . Cell . 83 (6): 1047–58.
doi :
10.1016/0092-8674(95)90220-1 .
PMID
8521505 .
S2CID
18993038 .
Sondek J, Bohm A, Lambright DG, Hamm HE, Sigler PB (1996). "Crystal structure of a G-protein beta gamma dimer at 2.1A resolution". Nature . 379 (6563): 369–74.
Bibcode :
1996Natur.379..369S .
doi :
10.1038/379369a0 .
PMID
8552196 .
S2CID
4321948 .
Andersson B, Wentland MA, Ricafrente JY, Liu W, Gibbs RA (1996). "A "double adaptor" method for improved shotgun library construction". Anal. Biochem . 236 (1): 107–13.
doi :
10.1006/abio.1996.0138 .
PMID
8619474 .
Mattingly RR, Macara IG (1996). "Phosphorylation-dependent activation of the Ras-GRF/CDC25Mm exchange factor by muscarinic receptors and G-protein beta gamma subunits". Nature . 382 (6588): 268–72.
Bibcode :
1996Natur.382..268M .
doi :
10.1038/382268a0 .
PMID
8717044 .
S2CID
4333145 .
De Waard M, Liu H, Walker D, Scott VE,
Gurnett CA , Campbell KP (1997). "Direct binding of G-protein betagamma complex to voltage-dependent calcium channels". Nature . 385 (6615): 446–50.
Bibcode :
1997Natur.385..446W .
doi :
10.1038/385446a0 .
PMID
9009193 .
S2CID
4287544 .
Huang CL, Jan YN, Jan LY (1997). "Binding of the G protein betagamma subunit to multiple regions of G protein-gated inward-rectifying K+ channels". FEBS Lett . 405 (3): 291–8.
doi :
10.1016/S0014-5793(97)00197-X .
PMID
9108307 .
S2CID
44072628 .
Yu W, Andersson B, Worley KC, Muzny DM, Ding Y, Liu W, Ricafrente JY, Wentland MA, Lennon G, Gibbs RA (1997).
"Large-scale concatenation cDNA sequencing" . Genome Res . 7 (4): 353–8.
doi :
10.1101/gr.7.4.353 .
PMC
139146 .
PMID
9110174 .
Qin N, Platano D, Olcese R, Stefani E, Birnbaumer L (1997).
"Direct interaction of gbetagamma with a C-terminal gbetagamma-binding domain of the Ca2+ channel alpha1 subunit is responsible for channel inhibition by G protein-coupled receptors" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 94 (16): 8866–71.
Bibcode :
1997PNAS...94.8866Q .
doi :
10.1073/pnas.94.16.8866 .
PMC
23172 .
PMID
9238069 .
Nishida K, Kaziro Y, Satoh T (1999). "Association of the proto-oncogene product dbl with G protein betagamma subunits". FEBS Lett . 459 (2): 186–90.
doi :
10.1016/S0014-5793(99)01244-2 .
PMID
10518015 .
S2CID
83524892 .
Huang L, Shanker YG, Dubauskaite J, Zheng JZ, Yan W, Rosenzweig S, Spielman AI, Max M, Margolskee RF (1999). "Ggamma13 colocalizes with gustducin in taste receptor cells and mediates IP3 responses to bitter denatonium". Nat. Neurosci . 2 (12): 1055–62.
doi :
10.1038/15981 .
PMID
10570481 .
S2CID
24494794 .
Carman CV, Barak LS, Chen C, Liu-Chen LY, Onorato JJ, Kennedy SP, Caron MG, Benovic JL (2000).
"Mutational analysis of Gbetagamma and phospholipid interaction with G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2" . J. Biol. Chem . 275 (14): 10443–52.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.275.14.10443 .
PMID
10744734 .
External links
Overview of all the structural information available in the
PDB for
UniProt :
P62873 (Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1) at the
PDBe-KB .
PDB gallery
1a0r : HETEROTRIMERIC COMPLEX OF PHOSDUCIN/TRANSDUCIN BETA-GAMMA
1b9x : STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF PHOSDUCIN AND ITS PHOSPHORYLATION-REGULATED INTERACTION WITH TRANSDUCIN
1b9y : STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF PHOSDUCIN AND ITS PHOSPHORYLATION-REGULATED INTERACTION WITH TRANSDUCIN BETA-GAMMA
1gg2 : G PROTEIN HETEROTRIMER MUTANT GI_ALPHA_1(G203A) BETA_1 GAMMA_2 WITH GDP BOUND
1got : HETEROTRIMERIC COMPLEX OF A GT-ALPHA/GI-ALPHA CHIMERA AND THE GT-BETA-GAMMA SUBUNITS
1gp2 : G PROTEIN HETEROTRIMER GI_ALPHA_1 BETA_1 GAMMA_2 WITH GDP BOUND
1omw : Crystal Structure of the complex between G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 and Heterotrimeric G Protein beta 1 and gamma 2 subunits
1tbg : BETA-GAMMA DIMER OF THE HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEIN TRANSDUCIN
1xhm : The Crystal Structure of a Biologically Active Peptide (SIGK) Bound to a G Protein Beta:Gamma Heterodimer
2bcj : Crystal Structure of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 in Complex with Galpha-q and Gbetagamma Subunits
2trc : PHOSDUCIN/TRANSDUCIN BETA-GAMMA COMPLEX