Duna–Pogaya | |
---|---|
Duna–Bogaia | |
Geographic distribution | Hela Province, Papua New Guinea |
Linguistic classification |
Trans–New Guinea
|
Subdivisions | |
Glottolog | None |
Map: The Duna–Pogaya languages of New Guinea
The Duna–Pogaya languages
Other Trans–New Guinea languages
Other Papuan languages
Austronesian languages
Uninhabited |
The Duna–Pogaya (Duna–Bogaia) languages are a proposed small family of Trans–New Guinea languages in the classification of Voorhoeve (1975), Ross (2005) and Usher (2018), consisting of two languages, Duna and Bogaya, which in turn form a branch of the larger Trans–New Guinea family. [1] Glottolog, which is based largely on Usher, however finds the connections between the two languages to be tenuous, and the connection to TNG unconvincing. [2]
Duna has had significant influence on Bogaya due to the socioeconomic dominance of Duna speakers over the less populous, less influential Bogaya speakers. [3] Duna also has much more influence from Huli (a widely spoken Trans-New Guinea language) at 27–32 percent lexical similarity with Huli, while Duna has only 5-10 percent. [3]
Pronouns are:
sg | du | pl | |
---|---|---|---|
1 | *nó | *ge-na | *i-nu |
2 | *gó | ||
3 | *kó | *ki-nu |
The following basic vocabulary words are from McElhanon & Voorhoeve (1970), [4] Shaw (1973), [5] and Shaw (1986), [6] as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database: [7]
gloss | Bogaya | Duna |
---|---|---|
head | yeľʌ; yela | kuni |
hair | heepi; yeľʌ eľika | hini |
ear | hona; hɔnʌn | kɔhane; konane |
eye | kina; kiːnʌn | le |
nose | kuuma; pfouľu | kuma |
tooth | yagai; yʌkʌi | ne; nee |
tongue | iki; ɩkin | ogone; ɔgɔne |
leg | yehei; yehʌi | tia |
louse | fando; fiľʌ | tete |
dog | ɔv̧ɔpi; yau | yawi |
pig | ʌpʌn | isa |
bird | aka; pitʌkʌ | heka |
egg | oondi; pitʌkʌ ɔ̃udi | hapa |
blood | sokoya; yesʌ | kuyila |
bone | hakale; hʌv̧ʌľe | kuni |
skin | hugwa; hukuʌn | pulu |
breast | alu; ʌľu | abu; adu; amu |
tree | dowa; tɔuʌ | lowa; lɔwa |
man | ami; ʌmĩ | anoa; anɔa |
woman | ĩmiʌ; imya | ima |
sun | owa; ɔwa | hewa |
moon | kaiyuu; kʌiu | eke |
water | paiyuku; pʌiuku | yu |
fire | dowada; tɔun | lɔwa kiliana; lowa puru |
stone | haana; hʌnʌ | kana; kuna |
name | ʌmĩn; yaga | yaka |
eat | nã; nosii | nai-; neyana |
one | mɔsʌ kɔmʌ; moso | du |
two | efʌn; yeefa | yapa |
Duna reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are: [3]