Autumn –
Subutai is assigned a new campaign by
Genghis Khan against the
Tanguts. He crosses the
Gobi Desert with a Mongol army and advances south into the
Western Xia (or Xi Xia). Meanwhile, Genghis, in his mid-sixties, becomes wounded during hunting. His injury – a dislocated shoulder, perhaps, or a bruised rib – forces him to take some rest.[1]
Iltutmish, Ghurid ruler of the
Delhi Sultanate, repels a Mongol attack and invades
Bengal. His rival,
Ghiyasuddin, leads an army to halt Iltutmish's advance, but decides to avoid a conflict by paying him tribute and accepting his suzerainty.[2]
Europe
July 25 – Emperor
Frederick II takes an oath at
San Germano (near
Cassino) and promises to depart on a Crusade (the
Sixth Crusade), for the
Near East in August
1227. He sends 1000 knights to the
Levant and provides
Rome with 100,000 ounces of gold, to be forfeited to the
Catholic Church should he break his vow. These funds will be returned to Frederick once he arrives at
Acre.[3]
February 11 – The
Charter of the Forest is restored to its traditional rights by King
Henry III. 'Free men' are allowed to find pasture for their pigs, collect firewood, graze animals, or cut turf for fuel. At this time, however, only about 10 percent of the population is 'free', the rest are locked into service to a local landowner, some of them little more than slaves.[5]
The
Magna Carta is reaffirmed (for the third time) by Henry III, in return for issuing a property tax. It becomes the definitive version of the text.[6]
The 8-year-old
Henry I (the Fat) is crowned as king of
Cyprus in the
Cathedral of Saint Sophia at
Nicosia. His uncle
Philip of Ibelin orders the coronation, so that when Henry comes of age at fifteen a regency could not be prolonged on the ground that he is not yet crowned.[7]