Spring –
Siege of Attalia: Seljuk forces led by Sultan
Kaykhusraw I besiege the city port of Attalia (modern-day
Antalya) with siege machines. After a siege of more than 2 months, the city is captured, Kaykhusraw allows his forces 3 days of looting and slaughtering. The capture of the port gives the Seljuk Turks a major path into the
Mediterranean.
February 2 –
Terra Mariana (or Medieval Livonia), comprising present-day
Estonia and
Latvia, is established as a principality of the
Holy Roman Empire. During the existence of Terra Mariana, there is a constant struggle over supremacy, between the lands ruled by the
Teutonic Order, the secular German nobility, and the citizens of the
Hanseatic towns of
Riga and
Reval.
King
John (Lackland) introduces the first income tax. One-thirteenth of income from rents, and moveable property has to be paid. Collected locally by sheriffs and administered by the
Exchequer. The tax is unpopular with the English nobility and especially in the churches and monasteries. The tax does raise a lot of money for John, doubling his annual income for the year.
May 24 – John (Lackland) still refuses to accept
Stephen Langton as archbishop, Innocent III threatens to place
England under an
Interdict. In response, John confiscates church property. Many of the English bishops of the great churches in the country flee abroad to the
Continent.
November –
Leeds, a market town in
West Yorkshire, receives its first charter (approximate date).
Hōnen and his followers of the
Pure Land sect are persecuted and exiled to remote parts of
Japan, while a few are executed, for what the government considers heretical
Buddhist teachings.[3]
^John V. A. Fine, Jr. (1994). The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest, pp. 87–91. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press.
ISBN0-472-08260-4.
^David Nicolle & Viacheslav Shpakovsky (2001). Osprey: Campaign Nr. 98: Kalka River 1223. Genghis Khan's Mongols invade Russia, p. 19.
ISBN1-84176-233-4.
^Hywel Williams (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p.133.
ISBN0-304-35730-8.
^Munro, John H. (2003). "The Medieval Origins of the Financial Revolution". The International History Review. 15 (3): 506–562.
^Bartlett, Robert (2000). England under the Norman and Angevin Kings: 1075–1225, pp. 404–405. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
ISBN0-19-822741-8.
^Madgearu, Alexandru (2016). The Asanids: The Political and Military History of the Second Bulgarian Empire, 1185–1280. BRILL. p. 153.
ISBN978-9-004-32501-2.