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Dipropylcyclopentylxanthine
Skeletal formula of dipropylcyclopentylxanthine
Space-filling model of the dipropylcyclopentylxanthine molecule
Clinical data
ATC code
  • None
Legal status
Legal status
  • In general: uncontrolled
Identifiers
  • 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropyl-7H-purine-2,6-dione
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
ChemSpider
UNII
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard ( EPA)
ECHA InfoCard 100.162.425 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC16H24N4O2
Molar mass304.394 g·mol−1
3D model ( JSmol)
Melting point191 to 194 °C (376 to 381 °F)
  • CCCn3c(=O)c2nc(C1CCCC1)[nH]c2n(CCC)c3=O
  • InChI=1S/C16H24N4O2/c1-3-9-19-14-12(15(21)20(10-4-2)16(19)22)17-13(18-14)11-7-5-6-8-11/h11H,3-10H2,1-2H3,(H,17,18) checkY
  • Key:FFBDFADSZUINTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
 ☒NcheckY  (what is this?)   (verify)

8-Cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX, PD-116,948) is a drug which acts as a potent and selective antagonist for the adenosine A1 receptor. [1] [2] It has high selectivity for A1 over other adenosine receptor subtypes, but as with other xanthine derivatives DPCPX also acts as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, and is almost as potent as rolipram at inhibiting PDE4. [3] It has been used to study the function of the adenosine A1 receptor in animals, [4] [5] which has been found to be involved in several important functions such as regulation of breathing [6] and activity in various regions of the brain, [7] [8] and DPCPX has also been shown to produce behavioural effects such as increasing the hallucinogen-appropriate responding produced by the 5-HT2A agonist DOI, [9] and the dopamine release induced by MDMA, [10] as well as having interactions with a range of anticonvulsant drugs. [11] [12]

See also

References

  1. ^ Martinson EA, Johnson RA, Wells JN (March 1987). "Potent adenosine receptor antagonists that are selective for the A1 receptor subtype". Molecular Pharmacology. 31 (3): 247–52. PMID  3561384.
  2. ^ Lohse MJ, Klotz KN, Lindenborn-Fotinos J, Reddington M, Schwabe U, Olsson RA (August 1987). "8-Cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX)--a selective high affinity antagonist radioligand for A1 adenosine receptors". Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology. 336 (2): 204–10. doi: 10.1007/BF00165806. PMID  2825043. S2CID  20549217.
  3. ^ Ukena D, Schudt C, Sybrecht GW (February 1993). "Adenosine receptor-blocking xanthines as inhibitors of phosphodiesterase isozymes". Biochemical Pharmacology. 45 (4): 847–51. doi: 10.1016/0006-2952(93)90168-V. PMID  7680859.
  4. ^ Coates J, Sheehan MJ, Strong P (May 1994). "1,3-Dipropyl-8-cyclopentyl xanthine (DPCPX): a useful tool for pharmacologists and physiologists?". General Pharmacology. 25 (3): 387–94. doi: 10.1016/0306-3623(94)90185-6. PMID  7926579.
  5. ^ Moro S, Gao ZG, Jacobson KA, Spalluto G (March 2006). "Progress in the pursuit of therapeutic adenosine receptor antagonists". Medicinal Research Reviews. 26 (2): 131–59. doi: 10.1002/med.20048. PMC  9194718. PMID  16380972. S2CID  13758102.
  6. ^ Vandam RJ, Shields EJ, Kelty JD (2008). "Rhythm generation by the pre-Bötzinger complex in medullary slice and island preparations: effects of adenosine A(1) receptor activation". BMC Neuroscience. 9: 95. doi: 10.1186/1471-2202-9-95. PMC  2567986. PMID  18826652.
  7. ^ Migita H, Kominami K, Higashida M, Maruyama R, Tuchida N, McDonald F, Shimada F, Sakurada K (October 2008). "Activation of adenosine A1 receptor-induced neural stem cell proliferation via MEK/ERK and Akt signaling pathways". Journal of Neuroscience Research. 86 (13): 2820–8. doi: 10.1002/jnr.21742. PMID  18618669. S2CID  10240804.
  8. ^ Wu C, Wong T, Wu X, Sheppy E, Zhang L (February 2009). "Adenosine as an endogenous regulating factor of hippocampal sharp waves". Hippocampus. 19 (2): 205–20. doi: 10.1002/hipo.20497. PMID  18785213. S2CID  2124092.
  9. ^ Marek GJ (March 2009). "Activation of adenosine(1) (A(1)) receptors suppresses head shakes induced by a serotonergic hallucinogen in rats". Neuropharmacology. 56 (8): 1082–7. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.03.005. PMC  2706691. PMID  19324062.
  10. ^ Vanattou-Saïfoudine N, Gossen A, Harkin A (January 2011). "A role for adenosine A(1) receptor blockade in the ability of caffeine to promote MDMA "Ecstasy"-induced striatal dopamine release". European Journal of Pharmacology. 650 (1): 220–8. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.10.012. PMID  20951694.
  11. ^ De Sarro G, Donato Di Paola E, Falconi U, Ferreri G, De Sarro A (December 1996). "Repeated treatment with adenosine A1 receptor agonist and antagonist modifies the anticonvulsant properties of CPPene". European Journal of Pharmacology. 317 (2–3): 239–45. doi: 10.1016/S0014-2999(96)00746-7. PMID  8997606.
  12. ^ Chwalczuk K, Rubaj A, Swiader M, Czuczwar SJ (2008). "[Influence of the antagonist of adenosine A1 receptors, 8-cyclopentyl-1 ,3-dipropylxanthine, upon the anticonvulsant activity of antiepileptic drugs in mice]". Przegla̧d Lekarski (in Polish). 65 (11): 759–63. PMID  19205356.
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