From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Decade
The 1390s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1390, and ended on December 31, 1399.
Events
1390
This section is
transcluded from
1390 .
(
|
history )
January–December
January 19 – The
Treaty of Lyck confirms an alliance between
Vytautas and the
Teutonic Knights , in the
Lithuanian Civil War against Vytautas's cousin,
Jogaila .
April 14 –
John VII Palaiologos overthrows his grandfather,
John V Palaiologos , as
Byzantine Emperor .
April 19 –
Robert III succeeds his father,
Robert II , as King of
Scotland .
May 26 –
Lithuanian Civil War : The
Treaty of Königsberg is signed in
Königsberg , between
Samogitian nobles and representatives of the
Teutonic Knights .
[1]
September 11 –
Lithuanian Civil War : The coalition of
Vytautas and the
Teutonic Knights begins a 5-week siege of
Vilnius . The Duke of Hereford (the future King
Henry IV of England ) is among the western European knights serving with the coalition.
[2]
September 17 –
John VII Palaiologos seeks refuge with the Ottoman sultan
Bayezid I , after
John V Palaiologos is restored by his son,
Manuel , and the
Republic of Venice .
October 9 –
Henry III succeeds his father,
John I , as King of
Castile and
León .
Date unknown
Fall of Philadelphia
Barquq is restored as
Mamluk Sultan of
Egypt , after overthrowing Sultan Hadji II.
Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III overthrows his brother,
Abu Bakr Shah , as
Sultan of Delhi .
Manuel III succeeds his father,
Alexios III , as Emperor of
Trebizond (now north eastern
Turkey ).
Sikandar But-shikan succeeds Sikandar Shah, as Sultan of
Kashmir .
Ko Cheng succeeds
Che Bong Nga , as King of
Champa (now eastern
Vietnam ).
Mahmud succeeds
Sandaki as
Mansa of the
Mali Empire , restoring the
Keita dynasty .
N'Diklam Sare succeeds Sare N'Dyaye, as ruler of the
Jolof Empire (now part of
Senegal ).
The
Kingdom of Kaffa is established in present day
Ethiopia (approximate date).
Templo Mayor , the main temple of the
Aztec capital of
Tenochtitlan (now
Mexico City ), is built.
The
Candi Surawana Temple is built in the
Majapahit Kingdom (now
Indonesia ).
Construction begins on
San Petronio Basilica in
Bologna .
1391
This section is
transcluded from
1391 .
(
|
history )
January–December
Date unknown
Manuel II Palaiologos becomes
Byzantine emperor after his father,
John V Palaiologos , dies of a nervous breakdown, due to his continued humiliation by the
Ottoman Empire .
[5]
Yusuf II succeeds
Muhammed V , as
Nasrid Sultan of
Granada (now southern Spain).
Stephen Dabiša succeeds
Stephen Tvrtko I , as
King of Bosnia .
Shah Mansur becomes leader of the
Timurid -occupied
Muzaffarid Empire, in central
Persia .
A group of
Muzaffarids under Zafar Khan Muzaffar establish a new Sultanate at
Gujarat , in western India.
Vytautas the Great , claimant to the throne of
Lithuania , forms an alliance with
Muscovy .
Roman I succeeds
Petru , as Prince of
Moldavia (now
Moldova and northeastern
Romania ).
Konrad von Wallenrode succeeds Konrad Zöllner von Rotenstein, as Grand Master of the
Teutonic Knights .
Bridget of Sweden is canonized by
Pope Boniface IX .
Ushkuinik pirates from
Novgorod sack the
Muscovy towns of
Zhukotin and
Kazan .
The Chinese invent
toilet paper for use by their emperors.
Henry I Sinclair, Earl of Orkney , takes control of the
Shetland Islands and the
Faroe Islands .
The
University of Ferrara is founded on the
Italian Peninsula .
[6]
The
Ming government orders 50 million trees planted in the
Nanjing area.
1392
This section is
transcluded from
1392 .
(
|
history )
January–December
Date unknown
King
Jogaila of
Poland and
Lithuania appoints his cousin
Vytautas the Great as regent of Lithuania, in return for Vytautas giving up his claim to the Lithuanian throne. Vytautas replaces Jogaila's unpopular brother
Skirgaila as regent.
Muhammed VII succeeds Yusuf II, as
Nasrid Sultan of
Granada (modern-day southern Spain).
Franciscan friar
James of Jülich is boiled alive, for impersonating a bishop and ordaining his own priests.
Maria, Queen of Sicily defeats an army of rebel barons.
William le Scrope succeeds
William II de Montacute , as
King of Mann .
Seoan mac Pilib succeeds Tomas mor mac Mathghamhna as King of
East Breifne , in north-central
Ireland .
The city of
Afyonkarahisar (in modern-day western
Turkey ) is conquered by Sultan
Beyazid I , of the
Ottoman Empire .
Louis de Valois is created first
Duke of Orléans of the second creation.
Erfurt University is founded in
Erfurt , central Germany.
Penistone Grammar School , later to be one of the first community comprehensive schools in
England , is founded near
Barnsley , England.
1393
This section is
transcluded from
1393 .
(
|
history )
Date unknown
In central
Persia , the
Muzzafarid Empire , led by Shah Mansur, rebels against their
Timurid occupiers. The rebellion is squashed and the Muzaffarid nobility are executed, ending the Muzaffarid dynasty in Persia.
George VII succeeds his popular father,
Bagrat V , as King of
Georgia .
Abdul Aziz II becomes Sultan of the
Marinid dynasty in present-day
Morocco , after the death of Sultan Abu Al-Abbas.
Raimondo Del Balzo Orsini succeeds
Otto, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen , as Prince of
Taranto (now southeastern Italy).
Samsenethai succeeds his father,
Fa Ngum , as King of
Lan Xang (now
Laos ).
King
James I of Cyprus inherits the title of King of
Armenia , after the death of his distant cousin
Leo VI (although the
Mamluk conquerors from
Egypt remain the true rulers).
A
Ming dynasty
Chinese record states that 720,000 sheets of
toilet paper (two by three ft. in size) alone have been produced for the various members of the imperial court at Beijing, while the Imperial Bureau of Supplies also reports that 15,000 sheets of toilet paper alone have been designated for the royal family (made of fine soft yellow tissue and
perfumed ).
Bosnia resists an invasion by the
Ottoman Empire .
The
Ottoman
Turks capture Turnovgrad (now
Veliko Tarnovo ), the capital city of east
Bulgaria . Emperor
Ivan Shishman is allowed to remain as puppet ruler of east Bulgaria.
Despite his treaty with the king of Poland,
Roman I of Moldavia supports
Fyodor Koriatovych against the king. Losing the battle, he will also lose the throne of
Moldavia the next year.
Sikander Shah I succeeds Muhammad Shah III, as Sultan of
Delhi . Sikander Shah I is succeeded two months later by Mahmud II.
Abu Thabid II succeeds Abu Tashufin II, as ruler of the
Abdalwadid dynasty in present-day eastern
Algeria . Abu Thabid is succeeded in the same year by his brother, Abul Hadjdjadj I.
Konrad von Jungingen succeeds
Konrad von Wallenrode , as
Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights .
Maelruanaidh MacDermot succeeds Aedh MacDermot, as King of
Magh Luirg in north-central Ireland.
King
Stjepan Dabiša of
Bosnia signs the Contract of Djakovice, establishing peace with King
Sigismund of Hungary .
Byzantium loses
Thessaly to the growing
Ottoman Empire .
1394
This section is
transcluded from
1394 .
(
|
history )
January–December
Date unknown
The
Ottomans conquer
Thessaly (now eastern Greece) and begin an eight-year siege of
Constantinople , in the
Byzantine Empire . In the same year, they begin building the
Anadoluhisarı fortress to defend themselves during the siege.
[12]
Ashikaga Yoshimitsu retires as
shōgun of Japan, and is succeeded by his son,
Ashikaga Yoshimochi .
Gyeongbokgung Palace and the
Jongmyo royal ancestral shrine are built in Hanseong (now
Seoul ).
After the death of Sultan Mahmud II, civil war breaks out in the
Delhi Sultanate , splitting the state between east and west.
Battle of Ros-Mhic-Thriúin : The Kingdom of
Leinster , led by King Art mac Art MacMurrough-Kavanagh, defeats an invading army from England, led by King
Richard II of England and
Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March .
Ştefan I succeeds
Roman I , as Prince of
Moldavia (now
Moldova and eastern
Romania ).
Abu Zayyan II succeeds his brother, Abul Hadjdjadj I, as ruler of the
Abdalwadid dynasty in present-day eastern
Algeria .
[13]
Abd al-Aziz II succeeds Abu al-Abbas Ahmad II, as ruler of the
Hafsid dynasty in present-day
Tunisia .
[14]
The
Allgäuer Brauhaus brewery is founded in present-day Germany.
[15]
The
Hongwu Emperor of the
Ming dynasty in China orders the Ministry of Public Works to issue a public notice, that every 100 households in the lijia system are to set aside 2 mu (1,390 m2 ) of land, for planting
mulberry and
jujube trees.
1395
This section is
transcluded from
1395 .
(
|
history )
January–December
February 12 – The army led by
Sigismund of Luxembourg is ambushed by
Stephen I of Moldavia , on its way back after conquering
Neamț Citadel , and the Hungarians must retreat empty handed.
April 15 –
Tokhtamysh–Timur war –
Battle of the Terek River :
Timur defeats
Tokhtamysh of the
Golden Horde at the
Volga . The Golden Horde capital city,
Sarai , is razed to the ground, and Timur installs a puppet ruler on the Golden Horde throne. Tokhtamysh escapes to
Lithuania .
May 1 – The
Duchy of Milan is created, after Lord
Gian Galeazzo Visconti of Milan buys the title of Duke from
Wenceslaus, King of the Romans .
[16]
May 17
June 3 – Sultan
Bayezid I of the
Ottoman Empire beheads Emperor
Ivan Shishman of Ottoman-occupied eastern
Bulgaria , after Shishman is accused of collaborating with the
Wallachians during the
1394
Battle of Karanovasa .
August 29 –
Albert IV succeeds his father,
Albert III , as
Duke of Austria .
September 8 – The death of King
Stjepan Dabiša leads to the election of his wife
Jelena Gruba as Queen of
Bosnia . However, most of the Bosnian land is soon appropriated by King
Sigismund of
Hungary .
Date unknown
1396
This section is
transcluded from
1396 .
(
|
history )
January–December
May 19 –
Martin I succeeds his brother,
John I , as King of
Aragon (modern-day northeastern Spain).
July 20 – Queen
Margaret I of Denmark ,
Norway and
Sweden publishes the
Treaty of Kalmar , proposing the personal union of the three kingdoms of
Denmark ,
Norway (with
Iceland ,
Greenland , the
Faroe Islands ,
Shetland and
Orkney ) and
Sweden (including
Finland and
Åland ).
July 23 – Queen
Margaret makes her great-nephew and adopted son
Eric of Pomerania joint ruler of Sweden. Eric has already been made joint ruler of Norway.
September –
Battle of the North Inch ("Battle of the Thirty"): In a mass trial by combat on the North Inch of
Perth, Scotland , the
Clan Cameron defeat the
Clan Mackintosh .
September 19 – Duke of Brittany
John V marries
Joan of France .
September 25 –
Battle of Nicopolis : The
Ottomans defeat a joint
crusade by Hungary, France, the
Holy Roman Empire , England and
Wallachia ,
[17] led by
King Sigismund of Hungary. This is the last large-scale crusade of the
Middle Ages .
October – A Transylvanian expedition captures
Vlad I Uzurpatorul , thus allowing the restoration of
Mircea I of Wallachia to the throne.
October 31 – The widowed
Richard II of England (29), and six-year-old
Isabella of Valois (daughter of
Charles VI of France ), are married in Calais, resulting in a temporary peace between the kingdoms of England and France.
November 24 – The
Transit of Venus , the last not to be part of a pair, is possibly observed by
Aztec astronomers.
November 29 –
Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland , marries
Joan Beaufort in England.
Date unknown
The
Ottomans capture the Bulgarian fortress of
Vidin and
Tsar
Ivan Sratsimir , ending the
Second Bulgarian Empire . The Bulgarian state is reestablished in
1878 as the
Principality of Bulgaria .
France conquers the
Republic of Genoa .
After a 14-year
interregnum ,
Pedro de San Superano is declared ruler of the
Principality of Achaea (modern-day Peloponnese, southern Greece).
Abu Amir succeeds Abdul Aziz II as ruler of the
Marinid dynasty , in modern-day
Morocco .
Timur appoints his son
Miran Shah , as
Timurid viceroy of present-day
Azerbaijan .
The
Kart dynasty is brought to an end in east
Persia after its remaining rulers are murdered at a banquet by Miran Shah.
Philibert de Naillac succeeds
Juan Fernández de Heredia , as
Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller .
Huitzilihuitl succeeds his father,
Acamapichtli , as ruler of the
Aztecs .
The Ulu Camii Mosque is built in
Bursa by the
Ottomans .
The
Ming dynasty court of China sends two envoys, Qian Guxun and Li Sicong, to the Ava Kingdom of
Burma and the
Tai polity of the
Mong Mao , in order to resolve a dispute between these two. The travels of the Chinese ambassadors are recorded in the historical text of the
Baiyi Zhuan .
Timur orders the construction of a garden in a meadow, House of Flowers.
Peasants in the modern-day provinces of
Hunan and
Hubei in the east of China plant 84 million fruit trees.
The
University of Zadar is founded, the first university in
Croatia .
1397
This section is
transcluded from
1397 .
(
|
history )
January–December
Date unknown
The
Ottomans capture the town of
Vidin , the capital of the
Tsardom of Vidin , the only remaining independent
Bulgarian state.
Emperor
Ivan Sratsimir of
Vidin is taken prisoner by early this year and later disappears while his son
Constantine II becomes Emperor in his place.
Temür Qutlugh is crowned as the Khan of
Golden Horde with the help of general
Edigu , although Edigu continues to hold the real power.
The Università, a form of local government, is established in
Malta .
The
Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery is founded in northwestern
Russia .
The
Sretensky Monastery is founded in
Moscow .
The first hospital in
al-Andalus is created, at
Granada .
[18]
Neuhausergasse 4, the brewer of
Spaten , is listed on the register of
Munich breweries.
Gregory of Tatev writes the Book of Questions , a ten-volume encyclopedic work, at the
Tatev Monastery , in Armenia.
1398
This section is
transcluded from
1398 .
(
|
history )
January–December
March 15 –
Trần Thuận Tông is forced to abdicate as ruler of the
Trần dynasty in modern-day
Vietnam , in favour of his three-year-old son
Trần Thiếu Đế .
April –
May – The
Bosnian nobility dethrone Queen
Helen and replace her with
Stephen
Ostoja .
June 25 –
Jianwen succeeds his grandfather,
Hongwu , as
Emperor of
Ming dynasty
China .
July – The
Stecknitz Canal is completed between the rivers
Elbe and
Trave (at
Lübeck ) in modern-day north
Germany , one of the earliest navigable
summit level canals in the world.
September
October 12 – The
Treaty of Salynas is signed by
Vytautas ,
Grand Duke of Lithuania , and Konrad von Jungingen,
Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights , in an attempt to cede
Samogitia to the Knights.
October 14 – King
Taejo of Joseon abdicates the throne of the
Joseon dynasty in modern-day
Korea , following the murder of his heir Yi Bangsuk, during a coup by Yi's older half-brother,
Yi Bang-won , in The First Strife Of Princes. Taejo's eldest son
Jeongjong succeeds to the throne.
November 11 –
Janus succeeds his father,
James I , as King of
Cyprus and claimant to the throne of
Armenian Cilicia .
December 17 –
Timur defeats the last ruler of the
Delhi Sultanate , which has been weakened after four years of civil war. Following his victory, Timur's
Islamic troops sack the city of
Delhi , and proceed to massacre hundreds of thousands of the state's
Hindu inhabitants.
Date unknown
The
Teutonic Knights recommence their raids of
Lithuania .
The Teutonic Knights conquer the island of
Gotland , near
Sweden , which has previously been run by the piratical
Victual Brothers .
Martin of Aragon launches a crusade against the
Moors in
North Africa .
The
Kingdom of Singapura falls, after being invaded by the
Majapahit Empire.
Abdullah succeeds Abu Amir as ruler of the
Marinid dynasty in modern-day
Morocco .
Bunei succeeds his father,
Satto , as King of
Chūzan (modern-day central
Okinawa ,
Japan ).
Glendalough
monastery in
Wicklow ,
Ireland is destroyed by
English troops.
Ferapontov Monastery is founded in modern-day northwest
Russia by
Therapont of Belozersk .
The
Munmyo
Confucian shrine and
Sungkyunkwan University are founded in modern-day
Seoul .
Mount Grace Priory is established in
Yorkshire ,
England .
According to
fringe theorists , the
Scottish explorer
Henry I Sinclair, Earl of Orkney , reaches
North America .
1399
This section is
transcluded from
1399 .
(
|
history )
January–December
January –
Timur the Lame captures and sacks
Haridwar .
February 3 –
John of Gaunt , uncle of King
Richard II of England and father of
Henry Bolingbroke , dies.
March 18 –
Richard II of England cancels the legal documents allowing the exiled
Henry Bolingbroke to inherit his father's lands.
July 4 – While
Richard II of England is away on a military campaign in
Ireland ,
Henry Bolingbroke , with exiled former
archbishop of Canterbury
Thomas Arundel as an advisor, returns to England and begins a military campaign to reclaim his confiscated lands.
August 6 –
Prince of Yan (
Zhu Di ) of China starts a rebellion in
Beijing .
August 12 –
Battle of the Vorskla River :
Mongol
Golden Horde forces, led by Khan
Temür Qutlugh and Emir
Edigu , annihilate a
crusading army led by former Golden Horde Khan
Tokhtamysh , and Grand Duke
Vytautas of
Lithuania .
August 19 –
Richard II of England is taken prisoner upon his return from
Ireland .
September 29 – Having regained his father's lands,
Henry Bolingbroke is urged to take the crown from the unpopular
Richard II of England . Parliament charges Richard II with committing crimes against his subjects and eventually forces him to abdicate.
September 30 – Parliament accepts
Henry Bolingbroke as the new king of England.
October 13 –
Henry IV of England is crowned.
October 19 – Thomas Arundel is restored as
Archbishop of Canterbury , replacing
Roger Walden .
November 1 –
John V, Duke of Brittany begins his reign.
Date unknown
Births
1390
1391
1392
January 10 –
Johanna van Polanen , Dutch noblewoman (d.
1445 )
December 9 –
Peter, Duke of Coimbra (d.
1449 )
December 18 –
John VIII Palaiologos , penultimate Byzantine emperor (d.
1448 )
date unknown
Alain Chartier , French poet and political writer (approximate date; d. c.
1430 )
Flavio Biondo , Italian humanist and historian (d.
1463 )
Barbara of Cilli , Holy Roman Empress, queen consort of Hungary and Bohemia (d.
1451 )
John de Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk (d.
1432 )
John II of Luxembourg, Count of Ligny , French nobleman (d.
1441 )
Filippo Maria Visconti , Duke of Milan (d.
1447 )
Idris Imad al-Din , supreme leader of
Tayyibi Isma'ilism , scholar and historian (d.
1468 )
[21]
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
Johannes Gutenberg
1399
Deaths
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
January 11 –
Skirgaila , Grand Duke of Lithuania
February 18 –
Enguerrand VII, Lord of Coucy (b.
1340 )
March 14 –
Henry VIII the Sparrow , Duke of Żagań–Głogów (b. c.
1357 )
April 25 –
Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent (b.
1350 )
June 3 –
William Montacute, 2nd Earl of Salisbury , English military leader (b.
1328 )
June 16 –
Philip of Artois, Count of Eu , French soldier (b.
1358 )
July 15 –
Catherine of Henneberg , German ruler (b. c.
1334 )
September 2 –
Francesco Landini , Italian composer
September 8 –
Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester , son of King
Edward III of England (b.
1355 )
September 15 –
Adam Easton , English cardinal
September 21 –
Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel , English military leader (executed) (b.
1346 )
October 6 –
Vuk Branković , Serbian lord (b.
1345 )
1398
1399
John of Gaunt died
3 February
Jadwiga of Poland died
17 July
January 4 –
Nicholas Eymerich , Catalan theologian and inquisitor
February 3 –
John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (b.
1340 )
[38]
March 24 –
Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk (b. c.
1320 )
July 13 –
Peter Parler , German architect (b.
1330 )
July 17 – Queen
Jadwiga of Poland (b.
1374 )
August 12 –
Demetrius I Starshy , Prince of Trubczewsk (in battle) (b.
1327 )
August 15 –
Ide Pedersdatter Falk , Danish noblewoman (b.
1358 )
August 26 –
Mikhail II , Grand Prince of Tver (b.
1333 )
September 22 –
Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk ,
English politician (b.
1366 )
October 3 –
Eleanor de Bohun , English noble (b. c.
1366 )
[39]
October 5 –
Raymond of Capua , Italian Dominic friar and venerated Christian (b.
1330 )
November 1 –
John IV, Duke of Brittany (b.
1339 )
date unknown
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