Wuming Mandarin | |
---|---|
Wuming Guanhua | |
武鸣官话 | |
Native to | China |
Region | Wuming District |
Native speakers | 40,000 (2005) [1] |
Sino-Tibetan
| |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | – |
Glottolog | None |
Wuming Mandarin or Wuming Guanhua ( simplified Chinese: 武鸣官话; traditional Chinese: 武鳴官話; pinyin: Wǔmíng Guānhuà), known locally as Wuminghua (武鸣话; 武鳴話; Wǔmínghuà; 'Wuming speech'), [2] is a dialect of Southwestern Mandarin spoken in urban Wuming District, specifically in the towns of Chengxiang and Fucheng. [3] [4] [5] It is a variety that has been influenced substantially by Zhuang, which is the majority language of the district. [6] [3]
Wuming Mandarin is classified as a part of the Gui–Liu subgroup (桂柳片; Guì-Liǔ piàn) of Southwestern Mandarin. [7] [8] The second edition of the Language Atlas of China further classifies it as part of the Guinan (southern Guangxi) cluster (桂南小片; Guìnán xiǎopiàn). [8]
There are 18 phonemic initials (including the zero initial): [2]
Bilabial | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | plain | p | t | k | ʔ | ||||
aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | ||||||
Affricate | plain | ts | |||||||
aspirated | tsʰ | ||||||||
Fricative | f | s | x | ||||||
Lateral fricative | ɬ | ||||||||
Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||||||
Lateral approximant | l |
There are seventy (70) rimes. [2]
There are seven tones, six of which are native: [9]
Name | Tone letter |
---|---|
yin level (阴平; 陰平) | ˧ (33) |
yang level (阳平; 陽平) | ˨˩ (21) |
rising (上声; 上聲) | ˥ (55) |
departing (去声; 去聲) | ˨˦ (24) |
high entering (入声高调; 入聲高調) | ˥ (55) |
low entering (入声低调; 入聲低調) | ˨˩ (21) |
The other tone, ˧˥ (35), is non-native, occurs in very few words, and corresponds to the yin level (阴平; 陰平) tone in Pinghua. [9]