The
Air ForceSpace Systems Division (SSD) awarded a contract to
Lockheed for eight
Gemini Agena target vehicles (GATV). Mission requirements were to (1) establish a specified
circular orbit; (2) provide a stable target and
dock for rendezvous; (3) respond to commands from ground stations or spacecraft; (4) perform complex series of orbital maneuvers; and (5) provide an active orbit life of at least five days.[1] NASA and
Lockheed agreed on a full pulse-code-modulation (PCM) for the
Gemini program. Ten sites were selected for the installation of PCM equipment.[1]
The Dayton Hudson Corporation opened the first of its
Target discount stores. The store (now a "SuperTarget") is located at 1515 West County Road B in
Roseville, Minnesota, a suburb of
Minneapolis–Saint Paul.[2]
Norwich City F.C. won the English
Football League Cup, beating
Rochdale F.C. 1 to 0 in the second leg of the two-game final after having defeated them 3 to 0 at Rochdale on April 26, for an aggregate score of 4 to 0.
The value of the
Canadian dollar was put at a
fixed exchange rate at 92.5 United States cents (USD 0.925) after having had a fluctuating value since September 30, 1950. The Canadian Exchange Fund would purchase U.S. dollars in order to keep the Canadian dollar from going more than one percent above 92+1⁄2¢ American, until May 30, 1970.[4][5]
An OAS car bomb killed 96 people when it exploded at the docks of
Algiers. The deaths of 14 other people and the injury of 147 overall made the occasion "the bloodiest single day in the modern history of Algeria's capital".[6]
A railway crash involving three separate trains killed 160 people in Japan near the
Mikawashima Station at
Arkawawa, a ward of
Tokyo. Engineer Norifumi Minakami drove a freight train through a red signal and sideswiped a commuter train. As surviving passengers climbed out of that train, a third train ran through them, then plunged over an embankment.[9]
U.S. Ambassador to Canada
Livingston Merchant, in his final month as envoy, made a final visit to Prime Minister
John Diefenbaker in Ottawa. At the meeting Diefenbaker angrily brought out an American memorandum that had been left behind during President Kennedy's visit in
May 1961.[10] The President's handwritten notes in the margin included the letters "OAS" (the
Organization of American States), "but Diefenbaker read Kennedy's handwriting as '
SOB',"[11] and threatened to use the memo (and the suggestion that Kennedy thought that Diefenbaker was a "son of a bitch") in the upcoming
June 18 elections. After conferring with his superiors, the ambassador later told Diefenbaker that he was personally reluctant to report "anything which could be construed as a threat" and that publication of the memo would "make difficult future relations". The memo was never used, but Kennedy and Diefenbaker never trusted each other again.
Dr. Masaki Watanabe of Japan performed the very first arthroscopic surgery to repair a meniscus tear, a common injury for athletes. The first patient to receive the procedure was a 17-year-old basketball player, who was returned to playing six weeks after the meniscectomy and resection of his right knee by Dr. Watanabe.[12]
Seattle businessman
Stanley McDonald inaugurated a cruise ship service that would eventually become
Princess Cruises, starting with the departure of the Canadian steamer SS Yarmouth from
San Francisco for the first of 17 ten-day cruises to the
1962 Seattle World's Fair and back.[14][15] After a successful six-month lease of the Yarmouth, McDonald would spend more than three years in making plans for the Princess Cruise line (which would be made famous by The Love Boat television series) on a regular series of winter tours from Los Angeles to Acapulco, starting at the end of 1965.[16]
The first nuclear explosion to be caused by an American ballistic missile, rather than by a bomb dropped from an aircraft or at a fixed site, was accomplished at
Christmas Island, 1,200 miles (1,900 km) from its launch site. Previous ICBM tests had been done without a nuclear warhead. The
USS Ethan Allen fired the armed
Polaris A-2 missile, from underwater, to its target.[20][21]
Martin de Porres (1579–1639) of
Peru was canonized as the first
mixed-race Roman Catholic saint, 125 years after his beatification. The son of a Spanish nobleman father and a freed slave mother of African and Indian descent, Porres was designated as the patron saint of mixed-race individuals, barbers, innkeepers, and public health workers.[22]
The
National Bowling League rolled its last game, with the Detroit Thunderbirds defeating the Twin Cities Skippers, 27–15, to sweep the best 3-of-five "World Series of Bowling" for the first, and only, NBL championship.[23][24][25]
Three officials of the
Central Intelligence Agency met with U.S. Attorney General
Robert F. Kennedy and implored him to stop investigation of Mafia crime boss
Sam Giancana. For the first time, the CIA revealed that it had offered $150,000 to several organized criminals to carry out a "hit" against Cuba's Prime Minister,
Fidel Castro.[27] The secret meeting would become public in 1975, with the release of the Rockefeller Commission's report on an investigation of the CIA.[28]
The six-member township council of
Centralia, Pennsylvania, voted in favor of improving the new landfill at the edge of town, in time for Memorial Day ceremonies. Every year, the contents of the city dump would be set afire, despite a state law prohibiting the practice, and the May 27 burning would prove to be the end of Centralia.[29]
Detroit became the first city in the United States to use traffic cameras and electronic signs to regulate the flow of traffic. The pilot program began with 14 television cameras along a 3.2-mile (5.1 km) stretch of the
John C. Lodge Freeway, between the
Davison Expressway and
Interstate 94.[30]
NASA announced that the Mercury 7 flight would be delayed several days due to problems with the
Atlas rocket.[3]
J. Paul Austin became the new President of
The Coca-Cola Company. During his 19-year tenure, Coca-Cola's annual worldwide sales would grow ten-fold, from $567 million to $5.9 billion.[32]
Brian Epstein visited the HMV (EMI) store at 363 Oxford Street, London, to have
The Beatles' Decca audition tape transferred to 78 rpm acetates.
The lunar crater
Albategnius became the first area of the moon to be illuminated by a laser beam from Earth. Scientists
Louis Smullin and Giorgio Fiocco of MIT aimed the beam and then observed it.[35]
John C. Fischer, Jr., an aerospace technologist at
Lewis Research Center, put forward a plan for a two-phased approach for a U.S.
space station program, and said that the first phase, launching a crewed and fully equipped station into orbit, would take at least four years. The second phase would require envisioned injection of an uncrewed inflatable structure into orbit which would then be occupied and resupplied by ferry vehicles. This more sophisticated approach included
artificial gravity (eliminating many human and hardware-design problems of long periods of
zero-g); gyroscopic stability of the platform (eliminating requirements for propellants to maintain the station's orientation in orbit); and supply vehicles designed for reentry and landing at selected airports (eliminating the expense of conventional recovery methods).[39]
On May 10 and 11, Gemini Project Office directed McDonnell to determine what special
pressure suit features would be required to allow crew members to take a "
walk in space" of up to 15 minutes outside the capsule. Manned Spacecraft Center's Life Systems Division proposed to measure seven parameters of crew condition during all Gemini flights. In order of priority these were
blood pressure, with
electrocardiogramphonocardiogram;
electroencephalogram; respiration,
galvanic skin response, and
body temperature. The
bioinstrumentation required would add 3.5 pounds (1.6 kg) per crewmember, with a total power consumption of about 2 watt-hours (7.2 kJ).[1] A postlanding survival kit weighing 24 pounds (11 kg) would be provided for each crew member.[1]
Pravda, the official newspaper for the Soviet Communist Party, printed the official response to pleas to prevent the continued tearing down of Moscow's monasteries and churches. The plea had been in an editorial in the magazine Moskva about the urban renewal decisions of the Architectural Planning Administration. The editorials were unsigned, but apparently approved by First Secretary Khrushchev. The day before, three of the journalists from Moskva were informed that the article was anti-Soviet.[40]
The Japanese monster film Mothra opened in the United States, after having premiered in Japan on July 30, 1961.[41]
Born:John Ngugi, Kenyan athlete and 1988 Olympic gold medalist in the 5000 metre race; in
Nyahururu[42]
Students at Orange County State College (later
California State University, Fullerton) staged what was billed as "The First Intercollegiate Elephant Race in Human History", with 15 elephants raced through different events in
Fullerton, California. Winners in various weight ranges included "Kinney" of Long Beach State College and "Captain Hook" of
Orange Coast College.[43]
In accepting the
Sylvanus Thayer Award, retired General
Douglas MacArthur delivered his memorable "
Duty, Honor, Country" speech to West Point cadets. The 82-year-old MacArthur delivered the 30-minute address from memory and without notes, and a recording of the remarks would be released as a record album later.[44]
The
Philippines continued to distance itself from its past as an American protectorate, changing its name on postage and coinage to Pilipinas.[45]
James E. Webb, the new
Administrator of NASA, found that
Project Gemini cost estimates had exceeded the original $250,000,000 estimate and almost tripled to $747,000,000. Spacecraft cost rose from $240 to $391 million;
Titan II GLV rockets from $113 to $162 million;
Atlas-Agena targets from $88 to $106 million; and supporting development from $29 to $37 million. Estimated operations costs had declined from $59.0 to $47.8 million.[1]
Nine men on a fishing trip were killed by sharks after their boat sank off the coast of
Newport Beach, California. Chester McMain of
Norwalk was taking the Happy Jack on its first voyage when it ran into rough weather. Though the men were wearing life jackets, the sharks apparently pulled them underwater. Searchers on the fishing boat Mardic located six bodies the next day and found sharks swimming around the group.[46][47]
Archie Moore gave up his world light heavyweight boxing title to move up to heavyweight. His successor was
Harold Johnson.
The last execution of an American for
armed robbery, without homicide, took place in
Huntsville, Texas as an African-American man, 20-year-old
Herbert Lemuel Bradley of
Dallas, was put to death in the electric chair. Bradley, who had shot an elderly grocer six times in the robbery, told reporters before he died, "I have no complaints. A man has to die sometime, but I don't think this has been fair," noting that he shared the prison with convicts serving terms of 5 to 25 years for armed robbery.[52][53] The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals had upheld the death sentence on February 28, noting that the victim was still in the hospital more than a year after being shot four times in the stomach during a gunfight.[54]
Representatives of McDonnell Aircraft and the Gemini Project Office decided to develop more powerful
retrograde rocket motors for the Gemini spacecraft. The new motors had three times the thrust level and would permit
retrorocket aborts at altitudes as low as 72,000 feet (22,000 m) to 75,000 feet (23,000 m). Development of the new motors was expected to cost $1,255,000.[1]
African-American civil rights leader
Martin Luther King Jr. delivered a proposed "
Second Emancipation Proclamation" to U.S. President Kennedy along with a proposal that Kennedy sign an
executive order with the proposed title "On Behalf of the Negro Citizenry of the United States of America in commemoration of the Centennial of the Proclamation of Emancipation". Kennedy declined to act on the request "and noticeably avoided all centennial celebrations" of the original
Emancipation Proclamation (which had been signed by U.S. President
Abraham Lincoln on September 22,
1862).[56]
Thalidomide was withdrawn from sale in Japan, bringing an end to the worldwide distribution of the morning sickness drug that had caused birth defects. Dainippon Pharmaceutical halted further shipments. About 1,200 "thalidomide babies" were born in Japan.[57]
Mercury 7 was postponed a second time because of necessary modifications to the altitude-sensing instrumentation in the parachute-deployment system.[3]
British soldiers erected a barbed wire barricade along
Hong Kong's 12-mile (19 km) border with the
People's Republic of China. The purpose was to block refugees from fleeing China into Hong Kong. At the time, as many as 4,000 people were attempting to flee Communist China into the British colony.[58] The next day, British administrators imposed penalties on any Hong Kong resident attempting to assist a refugee's escape.[59]
McDonnell subcontracted the parachute landing system for Gemini to Northrop Ventura for $1,829,272. The Gemini Project Office had decided in April on using a system of one 84.2-foot (25.7 m) diameter ring-sail parachute, but now decided to add an 18-foot (5.5 m) ring-sail
drogue parachute to the system. McDonnell proposed deploying the drogue at 10,000 feet (3,000 m).[1] NASA would concur on May 24.
The
Panchen Lama, leader of the Tibetan people since the nation's conquest by Communist China, presented a 70,000-word petition to visiting Chinese Premier
Zhou Enlai, pleading for relief for the suffering of Tibetans under Communist rule. Repression of Tibetan Buddhists eased to some extent after the Panchen Lama's bold move.[60]
Al Oerter became the first person to throw the
discus more than 200 feet (61 m), setting a mark of 61.10 m (200'5") at Los Angeles.[61]
Born:
Sandra (stage name for Sandra Ann Lauer), German pop singer who achieved international fame in the 1980s and 1990s; in
Saarbrücken,
West Germany[62]
Marilyn Monroe made her last significant public appearance, singing "
Happy Birthday, Mr. President" at a birthday party for President
John F. Kennedy at
Madison Square Garden. The event was part of a fundraiser to pay off the Democratic Party's four million-dollar debt remaining from Kennedy's 1960 presidential campaign.[63] Monroe was stitched into a $12,000 dress "made of nothing but beads" and wore nothing underneath as she appeared at the request of
Peter Lawford; President Kennedy thanked her afterward, joking, "I can now retire from politics after having had 'Happy Birthday' sung to me in such a sweet, wholesome way."[64]
Mercury 7 was postponed a third time because of irregularities in the temperature control device on a heater in the Atlas flight control system.[3]
The first specifically built
coronary care unit in the world opened at the Bethany Hospital in
Kansas City, Missouri, under the planning of cardiologist Dr. Hughes Day. Other CCUs followed in Toronto, Sydney, New York and Philadelphia, and by 1970, most major hospitals had units designed to treat heart attacks.[65]
McDonnell awarded an $8 million subcontract to
Electro-Mechanical Research, Inc. for the
data transmission system for the Gemini spacecraft.[1] Another contract assigned $2,609,000 to convert
pad 19 at Cape Canaveral for Gemini flights. Construction began in
September 1962 and would be completed by October 17, 1963.[1]
In Baltimore, federal district judge
Roszel C. Thomsen dismissed the antitrust lawsuit by the
American Football League against the
National Football League. The suit arose from the NFL's action of placing franchises in Dallas and Minneapolis after the AFL had been founded with teams there.[66]
Egypt's President
Gamel Abdel Nasser unveiled his "National Charter of the Arab Socialist Union", proclaiming that the "Arab Revolution" would win its "battle of destiny" by "enlightened thought", "free movement" and "clear perception" of the revolution's objectives.[67]
Soviet leader
Nikita Khrushchev accepted the recommendation from his Defense Council to place nuclear missiles in
Cuba, an act which would lead to the
Cuban Missile Crisis and the threat of a nuclear war between the U.S. and the USSR in October.[68]
All 45 people on board
Continental Airlines Flight 11 were killed when the Boeing 707 was destroyed by dynamite while at an altitude of 39,000 feet (12,000 m).[69] The airliner was flying from Chicago to Kansas City when the explosion occurred in the rear lavatory while the jet was over
Centerville, Iowa near the border between the U.S. states of Iowa and Missouri. The fuselage came down 19 miles (31 km) from Centerville on a farm near
Unionville, Missouri.[70] Contact was lost at 9:15 p.m. and the plane had disappeared from radar at 9:40 after leaving behind a 60-mile (97 km) line of debris, including a briefcase with the initials "T.G.D."; Thomas G. Doty, one of the passengers, had been on his way to Kansas City to face criminal charges for armed robbery. He had taken out a $300,000 life insurance policy payable to his wife and had bought sticks of dynamite at a hardware store before carrying out the murder-suicide.[71][72]
Brian Pillman, American football player and professional Wrestler who worked for
WCW and the WWF (now
WWE); in
Cincinnati (died from heart disease, 1997)
John Sarbanes, American politician and U.S. Representative for Maryland’s 3rd district since 2007, son of longtime Congressman and Senator
Paul Sarbanes; in
Baltimore[74]
Representatives from
Avco Manufacturing Corporation made a presentation to MSC on a proposal for an orbiting space station, with a primary purpose of determining the effects of zero-g on the crew's ability to stand reentry. Avco's proposed station design comprised three separate tubes about 3 metres (9.8 ft) in diameter and 6 metres (20 ft) long, launched separately aboard
Titan IIs and joined in a triangular shape in orbit. A standard Gemini spacecraft was to serve as ferry vehicle.[39]
The first successful
reattachment (replantation) of a severed limb was accomplished by Dr. Ronald A. Malt at
Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. Everett Knowles, a 12-year-old boy, had had his right arm severed at the shoulder by a freight train. A year after the limb was saved, Everett could move all five fingers and bend his wrist, and by 1965, he was again playing baseball and tennis.[75][76]
Former French Army General
Raoul Salan, founder of the French terrorist
Organisation armée secrète, was sentenced to life imprisonment for treason, after initially being given a death sentence in absentia. General Salan would be pardoned by President Charles de Gaulle on June 15, 1968, after more than six years' incarceration at the prison in
Tulle.[77]
U.S. President Kennedy signed a
Presidential Directive waiving the quota against accepting immigrants from China. Since 1943, the quota for Chinese immigrants had been only 105 per year. Within three years, President Lyndon Johnson would put the quota for Asian nations at the same level as that for European nations.[78]
Drilling for the first
subway in
Montreal commenced at 8:00 a.m., as a crew began to bore a 1.2-mile (1.9 km) long tunnel under Berri Street, to run between Metropolitan Boulevard and Jean Talon Street.[79]
Died:Rubén Jaramillo, 61, Mexican activist for land reform, along with his wife and three of his four children, after being arrested by Mexican soldiers at his home in
Xochicalco.[80]
Scott Carpenter orbited the Earth three times in the
Aurora 7 space capsule, then splashed down 250 miles (400 km) off course in the
Atlantic Ocean. He was located and rescued by the aircraft carrier
USS Intrepid (CV-11). The
Mercury 7 mission lifted off from Cape Canaveral at 7:45 a.m. (1245 UTC) local time, went around the Earth three times, then began its return at 1:30 p.m. (1830 UTC). Instead of being tilted 34° toward the horizon, the capsule was inclined at 25° and overshot its mark, landing at 1:41 p.m.[3][81] The mission achieved all objectives. Only one critical component malfunction occurred, a random failure of the pitch horizon scanner, which provided a reference point to the attitude gyroscopes. To compensate, the spacecraft was allowed to drift for 77 additional minutes and the flight lasted 4 hours and 56 minutes. Splashdown happened 125 miles (201 km) northeast of
Puerto Rico. The overshoot was traced to a 25° yaw error when the retrograde rockets were fired, about three seconds late, which caused 20 miles (32 km) of the overshoot. Carpenter, who had deployed a rubber raft, floated for 2 hours and 59 minutes before being rescued by helicopter.[3]
The string quartet piece
ST/10=1, 080262, the first classical music composed using a computer, was premiered. Greek composer
Iannis Xenakis had created the work with the aid of an
IBM 7090 computer.[82]
The U.S. Embassy in Moscow renewed the passport of
Lee Harvey Oswald and approved the entry of his wife and daughter into the United States.[34]
North American Aviation began testing the emergency parachute system for the Gemini flight test vehicle.[1]
The new
Coventry Cathedral, also known as St Michael's Cathedral, was consecrated in
Coventry,
West Midlands, for the
Church of England, more than 20 years after the November 14, 1940 destruction of the 500-year-old Cathedral by German Luftwaffe bombers during World War II. The new cathedral, symbolic of forgiveness and rebirth, stands next to the ruins of the old one.[83]
David Ogle, 40, English automobile designer who had founded his own sports car company, was killed while driving his Ogle Mini GT sports to a race circuit where he was going to demonstrate the vehicle. He was on the A1 highway at
Digswell,
Hertfordshire and traveling at 85 miles per hour (137 km/h) when he collided with a van and the car burst into flame.[85][86]
Simone Tanner Chaumet, 45, French humanitarian honored for her role in saving hundreds of Jewish children in France during World War II, and later a peace activist in Algeria, was murdered in the
Algiers suburb of
Bouzaréah.
Anthony Joyner, American serial killer and rapist convicted for at least six homicides (and suspected in 12 others) of elderly women at a nursing home where he was employed; in
Philadelphia
Pursuant to the township council resolution of May 7, the contents of the new landfill in
Centralia, Pennsylvania, a town with 1,435 residents, were burned as part of a cleanup on the day before Memorial Day. As had been done in the past, the volunteer fire department then extinguished the blaze. The new landfill, however, had been placed above an abandoned coal mine and the fire
continued to burn underground, ultimately reducing Centralia to a
ghost town.[29]
Flight and ground tests disclosed that retrorocket heater blankets were unnecessary to the Mercury spacecraft, and this item was removed.[3] The Manned Spacecraft Center shipped Mercury mission survival kits to the
U.S. Navy and to the
U.S. Air Force for its
X-20 Dyna Soar development program.[3]
The Soviet Union launched the
Kosmos 5 scientific research and technology demonstration satellite, becoming the last satellite in the Kosmos programme to reach orbit successfully.
Negotiations began between the European French Algerian paramilitary rebels of the OAS (
Organisation armée secrète), and the Arab Algerian independence fighters of the (FLN)
Front de libération nationale with a goal toward reaching a ceasefire between the two armies in the
Algerian War. Fighting would finally cease on June 17, 1962, and Algeria would become an independent nation, ruled by its Arab Algerian majority population, on July 5.
Representatives of McDonnell, Weber Aircraft, the Gemini Project Office, and the U.S. Navy's China Lake
Naval Ordnance Test Station concluded plans for development testing of the Gemini spacecraft ejection seat.[1]
In a runoff in the primary election for the Democratic Party nominee for Governor of Alabama, segregationist and circuit judge
George C. Wallace defeated state senator
Ryan DeGraffenried, Sr..[88][89]
The
1962 FIFA World Cup began in
Chile with 16 nations qualifying for the competition to reach the final, with four groups of four teams each. On the first day, with games all starting at 3:00 in the afternoon, Uruguay beat Colombia 2—1 (Group 1) at
Arica; Chile beat Switzerland 3—1 (Group 2) at
Santiago; Brazil beat Mexico 2—0 (Group 3) at Viña del Mar; and Argentina beat Bulgaria 1—0 (Group 4) at
Rancagua.
On the same day, in the
Philippines, 30 people were killed and 10 injured when a bus, carrying students on a holiday outing, fell off of a wooden bridge and was swept away by the Alalum Falls near the town of
Sumilao in the Bukidnon province on southern Mindanao.[95]
The hanging of
Adolf Eichmann, 56, German
Nazi and SS-Obersturmbannführer (
Lieutenant Colonel) and one of the major organizers of the
Holocaust, was carried out at 11:58 p.m. local time "on an improvised scaffold in a third story storeroom" at the
Ayalon Prison in
Ramla, near
Tel Aviv. Eichmann, who had been captured by agents of Israel's
Mossad spy agency on March 21, 1960, and then taken from Argentina to Israel for his role in the extermination of 6,000,000 European Jews, would become the first person to be legally executed in the history of modern Israel. The body was cremated soon afterward and Eichmann's ashes scattered over the Mediterranean Sea.[99]
A speeding freight train killed 62 people who were at the back of a passenger train near
Voghera in Italy. Most of the dead were vacationers on their way to the French Riviera.[100]
^"Zombies: Do They Exist?". TIME. October 17, 1983.
^Louis, Andre J. (2007). Voodoo in Haiti: Catholicism, Protestantism & A Model of Effective Ministry in the Context of Voodoo In Haiti.
Tate Publishing. p. 166.
^"Engineer Arrested After Train Crash Kills 163 In Japan", Nashua (NH) Telegraph, May 4, 1962, p1
^Michael J. Walsh, ed., Butler's Lives of the Saints (HarperCollins, 1991) p 361
^"Detroit Wins Title In U.S. Pin Loop", May 7, 1962, p19
^"Thunderbirds Sweep Bowling World Series", Lansing (MI) State Journal, May 7, 1962, C-1
^"For the Record", Sports Illustrated, May 21, 1962, p 117
^Mason-Draffen, Carrie via Newsday.
"What's in a name? At work, an initial reaction", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, February 11, 2008. Accessed January 23, 2015. "Newton Jones Burkett III, a correspondent for New York's WABC-TV news station, became N.J. Burkett in a sort of Hollywood moment almost 19 years ago.... Mr. Burkett, who did grow up in Elizabeth, N.J., said he looked at the person dumbfounded and said, 'That's right – my mother named her son New Jersey.'"
^Crain, Andrew Downer (200). The Ford Presidency: A History.
McFarland. p. 123.
^
abDeKok, David (2009). Fire Underground: The Ongoing Tragedy of the Centralia Mine Fire.
Globe Pequot.
^Stolberg, Mary M. (2002). Bridging the River of Hatred: The Pioneering Efforts of Detroit Police Commissioner George Edwards.
Wayne State University Press. p. 177.
^Amanda Vaill, Somewhere: The Life of Jerome Robbins (Random House Digital, 2008) p 344
^Harold H. Martin, Atlanta and Environs: A Chronicle of Its People and Events : Years of Change and Challenge, 1940-1976 (University of Georgia Press, 1987) p 349–350
^Theodore S. Creedman, Historical Dictionary of Costa Rica (Scarecrow Press, 1991) p 222
^
abThe Warren Commission Report: Report of the President's Commission on the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy (Associated Press, 1964)
^Tammy Plotner and Terry Mann, The Night Sky Companion: A Yearly Guide to Sky-Watching (Springer, 2007) p435
^Vincent P. Benitez, The Words and Music of Paul McCartney: The Solo Years (ABC-CLIO, 2010) p6
^Donald M. Pattillo, Pushing the Envelope: The American Aircraft Industry (University of Michigan Press, 2001) p209
^Nigel I. Jowett, et al., Comprehensive Coronary Care (Elsevier Health Sciences, 2007) p 16; "Resuscitating a Circulation Abstract to Celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the Coronary Care Unit Concept", by W. Bruce Fye, M.D., Circulation magazine, May 1, 1962, pp1886-93
^"$10 Million AFL Suit Ruled Out". The Milwaukee Sentinel. May 22, 1962. p. 2–3.
^"Use of Powered Scaffolds for Window Cleaning and Building Maintenance Suspended". The Building Industry. 26–27. Building Industry Employers of New York State: 24. 1962.