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Flowering plants in the order Commelinales recorded from South Africa
The
Commelinales are an
order of
flowering plants . It comprises five families:
Commelinaceae ,
Haemodoraceae ,
Hanguanaceae ,
Philydraceae , and
Pontederiaceae . All the families combined contain over 885 species in about 70
genera ; the majority of species are in the
Commelinaceae . Plants in the order share a number of
synapomorphies that tie them together, such as a lack of
mycorrhizal associations and
tapetal
raphides . Estimates differ as to when the Comminales evolved, but most suggest an origin and diversification sometime during the mid- to late
Cretaceous . The order's closest relatives are in the
Zingiberales .
[1] The
anthophytes are a grouping of plant taxa bearing flower-like reproductive structures. They were formerly thought to be a
clade comprising plants bearing flower-like structures. The group contained the
angiosperms - the extant flowering plants, such as
roses and
grasses - as well as the
Gnetales and the extinct
Bennettitales .
[2]
23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent. Of these, 153 species are considered to be threatened.
[3] Nine
biomes have been described in South Africa:
Fynbos , Succulent
Karoo ,
desert ,
Nama Karoo ,
grassland ,
savanna ,
Albany thickets , the
Indian Ocean coastal belt , and
forests .
[4]
The 2018
South African National Biodiversity Institute 's
National Biodiversity Assessment plant checklist lists 35,130 taxa in the phyla
Anthocerotophyta (hornworts (6)),
Anthophyta (flowering plants (33534)),
Bryophyta (mosses (685)),
Cycadophyta (cycads (42)),
Lycopodiophyta (Lycophytes(45)),
Marchantiophyta (liverworts (376)),
Pinophyta (conifers (33)), and
Pteridophyta (cryptogams (408)).
[5]
Three
families are represented in the literature. Listed
taxa include
species ,
subspecies ,
varieties , and
forms as recorded, some of which have subsequently been allocated to other taxa as
synonyms , in which cases the accepted taxon is appended to the listing. Multiple entries under alternative names reflect
taxonomic revision over time.
Commelinaceae
Family:
Commelinaceae ,
[5]
Aneilema
Genus
Aneilema :
[5]
Aneilema aequinoctiale (P.Beauv.) Loudon, indigenous
Aneilema arenicola Faden, indigenous
Aneilema brunneospermum Faden, indigenous
Aneilema dregeanum Kunth, indigenous
Aneilema dregeanum Kunth subsp. dregeanum , indigenous
Aneilema hockii De Wild. indigenous
Aneilema hockii De Wild. subsp. hockii , indigenous
Aneilema hockii De Wild. subsp. longiaxis Faden, indigenous
Aneilema indehiscens Faden, indigenous
Aneilema indehiscens Faden subsp. lilacinum Faden, indigenous
Aneilema longirrhizum Faden, endemic
Aneilema nicholsonii C.B.Clarke, indigenous
Aneilema zebrinum Chiov. indigenous
Callisia
Genus
Callisia :
[5]
Coleotrype
Genus
Coleotrype :
[5]
Coleotrype natalensis C.B.Clarke, indigenous
Commelina africana L. indigenous
Commelina africana L. var. africana , indigenous
Commelina africana L. var. barberae (C.B.Clarke) C.B.Clarke, indigenous
Commelina africana L. var. krebsiana (Kunth) C.B.Clarke, indigenous
Commelina africana L. var. lancispatha C.B.Clarke, indigenous
Commelina bella Oberm. endemic
Commelina benghalensis L. indigenous
Commelina diffusa Burm.f. indigenous
Commelina diffusa Burm.f. subsp. diffusa , indigenous
Commelina diffusa Burm.f. subsp. scandens (Welw. ex C.B.Clarke) Oberm. indigenous
Commelina eckloniana Kunth, indigenous
Commelina erecta L. indigenous
Commelina forskaolii Vahl, indigenous
Commelina imberbis Ehrenb. ex Hassk. indigenous
Commelina krebsiana Kunth, accepted as
Commelina africana L. var. krebsiana (Kunth) C.B.Clarke, indigenous
Commelina livingstonii C.B.Clarke, indigenous
Commelina modesta Oberm. indigenous
Commelina petersii Hassk. indigenous
Commelina rogersii Burtt Davy, endemic
Commelina subulata Roth, indigenous
Commelina zambesica C.B.Clarke, indigenous
Cyanotis
Genus
Cyanotis :
[5]
Floscopa
Genus
Floscopa :
[5]
Murdannia
Genus
Murdannia :
[5]
Tradescantia
Genus
Tradescantia :
[5]
Zebrina
Genus
Zebrina :
[5]
Haemodoraceae
Family:
Haemodoraceae ,
[5]
Anigozanthos
Genus
Anigozanthos :
[5]
Barberetta
Genus
Barberetta :
[5]
Dilatris
Genus
Dilatris :
[5]
Wachendorfia
Genus
Wachendorfia :
[5]
Pontederiaceae
Family:
Pontederiaceae ,
[5]
Eichhornia
Genus
Eichhornia :
[5]
Heteranthera
Genus
Heteranthera :
[5]
Monochoria
Genus
Monochoria :
[5]
Pontederia
Genus
Pontederia :
[5]
Pontederia cordata L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Pontederia cordata L. var. ovalis Solms, not indigenous, naturalised
References
National taxon checklists
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Harvestmen
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