Flowering plants in the order Brassicales recorded from South Africa
The
Brassicales (or Cruciales) are an
order of
flowering plants (anthophytes), belonging to the
eurosids II group of
dicotyledons under the
APG II system.
[1] One character common to many members of the order is the production of
glucosinolate (mustard oil) compounds. Most systems of classification have included this order, although sometimes under the name Capparales (the name chosen depending on which is thought to have priority).
[2]
The
anthophytes are a grouping of plant taxa bearing flower-like reproductive structures. They were formerly thought to be a
clade comprising plants bearing flower-like structures. The group contained the
angiosperms - the extant flowering plants, such as
roses and
grasses - as well as the
Gnetales and the extinct
Bennettitales .
[3]
23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent. Of these, 153 species are considered to be threatened.
[4] Nine
biomes have been described in South Africa:
Fynbos , Succulent
Karoo ,
desert ,
Nama Karoo ,
grassland ,
savanna ,
Albany thickets , the
Indian Ocean coastal belt , and
forests .
[5]
The 2018
South African National Biodiversity Institute 's
National Biodiversity Assessment plant checklist lists 35,130 taxa in the phyla
Anthocerotophyta (hornworts (6)),
Anthophyta (flowering plants (33534)),
Bryophyta (mosses (685)),
Cycadophyta (cycads (42)),
Lycopodiophyta (Lycophytes(45)),
Marchantiophyta (liverworts (376)),
Pinophyta (conifers (33)), and
Pteridophyta (cryptogams (408)).
[6]
Six
families are represented in the literature. Listed
taxa include
species ,
subspecies ,
varieties , and
forms as recorded, some of which have subsequently been allocated to other taxa as
synonyms , in which cases the accepted taxon is appended to the listing. Multiple entries under alternative names reflect
taxonomic revision over time.
Brassicaceae
Family:
Brassicaceae ,
[6]
Alyssum
Genus
Alyssum :
[6]
Aplanodes
Genus
Aplanodes :
[6]
Arabidopsis
Genus
Arabidopsis :
[6]
Barbarea
Genus
Barbarea :
[6]
Brachycarpaea
Genus
Brachycarpaea :
[6]
Brassica
Genus
Brassica :
[6]
Brassica elongata Ehrh. subsp, elongata , not indigenous, naturalised
Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss. not indigenous, naturalised
Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J.Koch, not indigenous, naturalised
Brassica rapa L. not indigenous, naturalised
Brassica tournefortii Gouan, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Camelina
Genus
Camelina :
[6]
Capsella
Genus
Capsella :
[6]
Cardamine
Genus
Cardamine :
[6]
Cardaria
Genus
Cardaria :
[6]
Chamira
Genus
Chamira :
[6]
Cheiranthus
Genus
Cheiranthus :
[6]
Coronopus
Genus
Coronopus :
[6]
Crambe
Genus
Crambe :
[6]
Cycloptychis
Genus
Cycloptychis :
[6]
Descurainia
Genus
Descurainia :
[6]
Diplotaxis
Genus
Diplotaxis :
[6]
Diplotaxis muralis (L.) DC. not indigenous, naturalised
Diplotaxis muralis (L.) DC. subsp, muralis , not indigenous, naturalised
Eruca
Genus
Eruca :
[6]
Erucastrum
Genus
Erucastrum :
[6]
Heliophila
Genus
Heliophila :
[6]
Heliophila acuminata (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud. endemic
Heliophila adpressa O.E.Schulz, endemic
Heliophila affinis Sond. endemic
Heliophila africana (L.) Marais, endemic
Heliophila alpina Marais, indigenous
Heliophila amplexicaulis L.f. endemic
Heliophila arenaria Sond. indigenous
Heliophila arenaria Sond. var, acocksii Marais, endemic
Heliophila arenaria Sond. var, agtertuinensis (O.E.Schulz) Marais, endemic
Heliophila arenaria Sond. var, arenaria , endemic
Heliophila arenaria Sond. var, glabrescens (O.E.Schulz) Marais, endemic
Heliophila arenosa Schltr. endemic
Heliophila brachycarpa Meisn. endemic
Heliophila brassicifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. endemic
Heliophila bulbostyla P.E.Barnes, endemic
Heliophila callosa (L.f.) DC. endemic
Heliophila carnosa (Thunb.) Steud. indigenous
Heliophila cedarbergensis Marais, endemic
Heliophila cinerea Marais, endemic
Heliophila collina O.E.Schulz, endemic
Heliophila concatenata Sond. endemic
Heliophila cornellsbergia B.J.Pienaar & Nicholas, endemic
Heliophila cornuta Sond. indigenous
Heliophila cornuta Sond. var, cornuta , indigenous
Heliophila cornuta Sond. var, squamata (Schltr.) Marais, indigenous
Heliophila coronopifolia L. indigenous
Heliophila crithmifolia Willd. indigenous
Heliophila cuneata Marais, endemic
Heliophila descurva Schltr. endemic
Heliophila deserticola Schltr. var, deserticola , indigenous
Heliophila deserticola Schltr. var, micrantha A.Schreib. indigenous
Heliophila diffusa (Thunb.) DC. indigenous
Heliophila diffusa (Thunb.) DC. var, diffusa , endemic
Heliophila diffusa (Thunb.) DC. var, flacca (Sond.) Marais, endemic
Heliophila digitata L.f. endemic
Heliophila dregeana Sond. endemic
Heliophila elata Sond. indigenous
Heliophila elata Sond. var, elata , endemic
Heliophila elata Sond. var, pillansii Marais, endemic
Heliophila elongata (Thunb.) DC. endemic
Heliophila ephemera P.A.Bean, endemic
Heliophila esterhuyseniae Marais, endemic
Heliophila eximia Marais, indigenous
Heliophila filicaulis Marais, endemic
Heliophila formosa Hilliard & B.L.Burtt, indigenous
Heliophila gariepina Schltr. endemic
Heliophila glauca Burch. ex DC. endemic
Heliophila hurkana Al-Shehbaz & Mumm. endemic
Heliophila juncea (P.J.Bergius) Druce, endemic
Heliophila katbergensis Marais, endemic
Heliophila laciniata Marais, endemic
Heliophila lactea Schltr. indigenous
Heliophila latisiliqua E.Mey. ex Sond. var, latisiliqua , accepted as
Heliophila thunbergii (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud. var, thunbergii , present
Heliophila latisiliqua E.Mey. ex Sond. var, macrostylis (E.Mey. ex Sond.) Marais, accepted as
Heliophila thunbergii (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud. var, macrostylis (E.Mey. ex Sond.) B.Nord. present
Heliophila leptophylla Schltr. endemic
Heliophila linearifolia Burch. ex DC. var, filifolia Sond. accepted as
Heliophila coronopifolia L.
Heliophila linearis DC. endemic
Heliophila linearis DC. var, linearifolia (Burch. ex DC.) Marais, endemic
Heliophila linearis DC. var, linearis , endemic
Heliophila linearis DC. var, reticulata (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Marais, endemic
Heliophila linoides Schltr. endemic
Heliophila macowaniana Schltr. endemic
Heliophila macra Schltr. endemic
Heliophila macrosperma Burch. ex DC. endemic
Heliophila maraisiana Al-Shehbaz & Mumm. endemic
Heliophila meyeri Sond. indigenous
Heliophila meyeri Sond. var, meyeri , endemic
Heliophila meyeri Sond. var, minor Marais, endemic
Heliophila minima (Stephens) Marais, indigenous
Heliophila monosperma Al-Shehbaz & Mumm. endemic
Heliophila namaquana Bolus, endemic
Heliophila namaquensis (Marais) Al-Shehbaz & Mumm. endemic
Heliophila nubigena Schltr. endemic
Heliophila patens Oliv. endemic
Heliophila pectinata Burch. ex DC. endemic
Heliophila pendula Willd. endemic
Heliophila pinnata L.f. endemic
Heliophila promontorii Marais, endemic
Heliophila pubescens Burch. ex Sond. endemic
Heliophila pusilla L.f. indigenous
Heliophila pusilla L.f. var, lanceolata (Adamson) Marais, endemic
Heliophila pusilla L.f. var, macrosperma Marais, endemic
Heliophila pusilla L.f. var, pusilla , endemic
Heliophila pusilla L.f. var, setacea (Schltr.) Marais, endemic
Heliophila ramosissima O.E.Schulz, endemic
Heliophila refracta Sond. endemic
Heliophila remotiflora O.E.Schulz, endemic
Heliophila rigidiuscula Sond. indigenous
Heliophila rimicola Marais, endemic
Heliophila scandens Harv. endemic
Heliophila schulzii Marais, endemic
Heliophila scoparia Burch. ex DC. indigenous
Heliophila scoparia Burch. ex DC. var, aspera (Schltr.) Marais, endemic
Heliophila scoparia Burch. ex DC. var, scoparia , endemic
Heliophila seselifolia Burch. ex DC. indigenous
Heliophila seselifolia Burch. ex DC. var, marlothii (O.E.Schulz) Marais, endemic
Heliophila seselifolia Burch. ex DC. var, nigellifolia (Schltr.) Marais, endemic
Heliophila seselifolia Burch. ex DC. var, seselifolia , indigenous
Heliophila suavissima Burch. ex DC. indigenous
Heliophila suborbicularis Al-Shehbaz & Mumm. endemic
Heliophila subulata Burch. ex DC. endemic
Heliophila tabularis Wolley-Dod, endemic
Heliophila thunbergii (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud. indigenous
Heliophila thunbergii (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud. var, macrostylis (E.Mey. ex Sond.) B.Nord. endemic
Heliophila thunbergii (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud. var, thunbergii , endemic
Heliophila tricuspidata Schltr. endemic
Heliophila trifurca Burch. ex DC. indigenous
Heliophila tulbaghensis Schinz, endemic
Heliophila variabilis Burch. ex DC. indigenous
Hirschfeldia
Genus
Hirschfeldia :
[6]
Hymenolobus
Genus
Hymenolobus :
[6]
Lepidium
Genus
Lepidium :
[6]
Lepidium africanum (Burm.f.) DC. indigenous
Lepidium africanum (Burm.f.) DC. subsp, africanum , indigenous
Lepidium africanum (Burm.f.) DC. subsp, divaricatum (Aiton) Jonsell, indigenous
Lepidium basuticum Marais, indigenous
Lepidium bipinnatum Thunb. endemic
Lepidium bonariense L. not indigenous, naturalised
Lepidium campestre R.Br. not indigenous, naturalised
Lepidium capense Thunb. endemic
Lepidium desertorum Eckl. & Zeyh. indigenous
Lepidium draba L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Lepidium ecklonii Schrad. endemic
Lepidium flexuosum Thunb. endemic
Lepidium mossii Thell. endemic
Lepidium myriocarpum Sond. indigenous
Lepidium pinnatum Thunb. endemic
Lepidium schinzii Thell. indigenous
Lepidium schlechteri Thell. endemic
Lepidium suluense Marais, indigenous
Lepidium transvaalense Marais, indigenous
Lepidium trifurcum Sond. indigenous
Lepidium virginicum L. not indigenous, naturalised
Lobularia
Genus
Lobularia :
[6]
Matthiola
Genus
Matthiola :
[6]
Nasturtium
Genus
Nasturtium :
[6]
Raphanus
Genus
Raphanus :
[6]
Rapistrum
Genus
Rapistrum :
[6]
Rorippa
Genus
Rorippa :
[6]
Schlechteria
Genus
Schlechteria :
[6]
Silicularia
Genus
Silicularia :
[6]
Sinapis
Genus
Sinapis :
[6]
Sisymbrium
Genus
Sisymbrium :
[6]
Thlaspeocarpa
Genus
Thlaspeocarpa :
[6]
Thlaspi
Genus
Thlaspi :
[6]
Turritis
Genus
Turritis :
[6]
Capparaceae
Family:
Capparaceae ,
[6]
Bachmannia
Genus
Bachmannia :
[6]
Boscia
Genus
Boscia :
[6]
Boscia albitrunca (Burch.) Gilg & Gilg-Ben. indigenous
Boscia angustifolia A.Rich. var, corymbosa (Gilg) DeWolf, indigenous
Boscia filipes Gilg, accepted as
Boscia foetida Schinz subsp, filipes (Gilg) Lotter, present
Boscia foetida Schinz, indigenous
Boscia foetida Schinz subsp, filipes (Gilg) Lotter, indigenous
Boscia foetida Schinz subsp, foetida , indigenous
Boscia foetida Schinz subsp, longipedicellata (Gilg) Toelken, endemic
Boscia foetida Schinz subsp, minima Toelken, indigenous
Boscia foetida Schinz subsp, rehmanniana (Pestal.) Toelken, indigenous
Boscia mossambicensis Klotzsch, indigenous
Boscia oleoides (Burch. ex DC.) Toelken, endemic
Cadaba
Genus
Cadaba :
[6]
Capparis
Genus
Capparis :
[6]
Capparis brassii DC. indigenous
Capparis fascicularis DC. indigenous
Capparis fascicularis DC. var, fascicularis , indigenous
Capparis fascicularis DC. var, zeyheri (Turcz.) Toelken, endemic
Capparis sepiaria L. indigenous
Capparis sepiaria L. var, citrifolia (Lam.) Toelken, indigenous
Capparis sepiaria L. var, subglabra (Oliv.) DeWolf, indigenous
Capparis tomentosa Lam. indigenous
Cladostemon
Genus
Cladostemon :
[6]
Courbonia
Genus
Courbonia :
[6]
Maerua
Genus
Maerua :
[6]
Maerua angolensis DC. indigenous
Maerua angolensis DC. subsp, angolensis , indigenous
Maerua brevipetiolata Killick, indigenous
Maerua cafra (DC.) Pax, indigenous
Maerua decumbens (Brongn.) DeWolf, indigenous
Maerua edulis (Gilg & Gilg-Ben.) DeWolf, indigenous
Maerua gilgii Schinz, indigenous
Maerua juncea Pax, indigenous
Maerua juncea Pax subsp, crustata (Wild) Wild, indigenous
Maerua nervosa (Hochst.) Oliv. endemic
Maerua parvifolia Pax, indigenous
Maerua racemulosa (A.DC.) Gilg & Gilg-Ben. indigenous
Maerua rosmarinoides (Sond.) Gilg & Gilg-Ben. indigenous
Maerua schinzii Pax, indigenous
Thilachium
Genus
Thilachium :
[6]
Cleomaceae
Family:
Cleomaceae ,
[6]
Cleome
Genus
Cleome :
[6]
Cleome angustifolia Forssk. indigenous
Cleome angustifolia Forssk. subsp, diandra (Burch.) Kers, indigenous
Cleome angustifolia Forssk. subsp, petersiana (Klotzsch ex Sond.) Kers, indigenous
Cleome bororensis (Klotzsch) Oliv. indigenous
Cleome conrathii Burtt Davy, indigenous
Cleome foliosa Hook.f. indigenous
Cleome foliosa Hook.f. var, lutea (Sond.) Codd & Kers, indigenous
Cleome gynandra L. indigenous
Cleome hassleriana Chodat, accepted as
Tarenaya hassleriana (Chodat) Iltis, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Cleome hirta (Klotzsch) Oliv. indigenous
Cleome kalachariensis (Schinz) Gilg & Gilg-Ben. indigenous
Cleome macrophylla (Klotzsch) Briq. indigenous
Cleome maculata (Sond.) Szyszyl. indigenous
Cleome monophylla L. indigenous
Cleome oxyphylla Burch. indigenous
Cleome oxyphylla Burch. var, oxyphylla , indigenous
Cleome oxyphylla Burch. var, robusta Kers, endemic
Cleome paxii (Schinz) Gilg & Gilg-Ben. indigenous
Cleome rubella Burch. indigenous
Cleome schlechteri Briq. endemic
Tarenaya
Genus
Tarenaya :
[6]
Resedaceae
Family:
Resedaceae ,
[6]
Oligomeris
Genus
Oligomeris :
[6]
Reseda
Genus
Reseda :
[6]
Reseda lutea L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Reseda lutea L. subsp, lutea var, nutans , not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Salvadoraceae
Family:
Salvadoraceae ,
[6]
Azima
Genus
Azima :
[6]
Salvadora
Genus
Salvadora :
[6]
Tropaeolaceae
Family:
Tropaeolaceae ,
[6]
Tropaeolum
Genus
Tropaeolum :
[6]
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