Comerica Bank Tower (formerly Momentum Place, Bank One Center and Chase Center) is a 60-story
postmodernskyscraper located at 1717 Main Street in the
Main Street District in
downtown Dallas, Texas.[5] Standing at a structural height of 787 feet (240 m), it is the third tallest skyscraper in the city of Dallas. (If the antennas and spires of
Renaissance Tower were excluded, Comerica Bank Tower would be the second tallest.) It is also the
sixth tallest building in Texas and the
61st tallest building in the United States.[as of?] The building was designed by
Philip Johnson and
John Burgee, and was completed in 1987. The structure has 1,500,000 square feet (100,000 m2) of office space.
History
Originally known as Momentum Place, the tower was built as the new headquarters of MCorp Bank. The site, which included the
Woolf Brothers and
Volk Brothers department stores, was one of the busiest blocks in downtown Dallas. Adjacent blocks included the
Neiman Marcus Building,
Wilson Building,
Titche-Goettinger Building and
Mercantile National Bank Building. The entire block from Ervay to St. Paul was leveled to make way for the new tower. The original design as proposed by Johnson called for several office buildings, a hotel and a large shopping mall designed in an ornate classical style. MCorp Bank instead desired a more restrained office tower without any retail; the design for the banking hall was also scaled down.[6]
Construction began in 1985 and the tower opened in 1987, with MCorp initially leasing 600,000 square feet (56,000 m2) of space after moving from the
Mercantile National Bank Building. At time of completion it was the most legally-contested building on the Dallas skyline due to the economic downturn of the late 1980s and the
savings and loan scandal. MCorp Bank collapsed shortly after the building's opening and the bank was dissolved by
Bank One. Developers and financial backers sued over ownership of the tower. Other parties defaulted on loans, and the building went into foreclosure in 1991 and again in 1995, the two largest in city history.[7] Without a lead tenant, the tower was remarketed into fully leasable class AA office space. Due to
the economic downturn, this was the last high-rise to be completed in
downtown in the 1980s.[8]
In 1997 Crescent Real Estate Equities, in partnership with the financer Trizec Properties, bought the Bank One Center from
Cigna and the
Teacher Retirement System of Texas for $238 million.[9]
On December 14, 2006, Crescent sold the structure for
US$216 million to
Los Angeles–based Metropolitan Real Estate Developers.[10]
On March 6, 2007,
Comerica announced its decision to relocate its corporate headquarters to Dallas.[11] In August the company announced that it selected 1717 Main Street in
Downtown Dallas and that the tower would be renamed Comerica Bank Tower.[12] The company executives began moving into 1717 Main Street in November 2007.[13]
The firm
TM Advertising planned to move into the building on January 2, 2008. It was scheduled to take four floors,[14] with a total of 130,000 square feet (12,000 m2) of space.[13] 340 employees were scheduled to move there.[14] The space TM moved into was previously occupied by
TXU Energy.[13]
Design
The tower uses a traditional three-sectioned skyscraper form with upper level setbacks. A modern interpretation of the classic barrel vault is used throughout the structure, giving the building an overall art deco style. The setbacks carve a cross shape from the building's top section, but sheets of glass descending like a waterfall from the vaults continue the illusion to street level.[15]
The first five floors contain a massive banking/stock exchange hall with a vaulted ceiling and skylight.[8]
The building contains a 3 level underground parking garage and is connected to the Elm Street Garage, giving tenants 1,530 parking spaces.[16]
Comerica Tower is a main hub in the
Dallas Pedestrian Network and features several retail spaces below ground.
The east side of the building features a small plaza with a grid of trees and benches facing the
Titche-Goettinger Building.
The building has been criticized heavily for its poor urban environment at street level. The lack of retail, block-long walls of polished granite and dark glass cause the tower to seem very formidable. The west side entrance plaza, located at one of the busiest corners in downtown Dallas, isolates the building from the street instead of acting like a true public space. At the time of opening, MCorp stated that the stolid exterior was intended. "We wanted a banking building, not an office building,' says MCorp chairman Gene Bishop. "We didn't want the block to be crowded. And we prevailed.'[17] In 2009 a small restaurant extension was constructed along Main Street in the east plaza, hoping to mitigate some of these problems.
^David Dillon. "PHILIP JOHNSON - The flamboyant architect has transformed skylines from New York to Houston. What's in store for Dallas?." The Dallas Morning News 28 Apr. 1985, HOME FINAL, ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT: 1C. NewsBank. Web. 4 Jan. 2010.
^
abcHethcock, Bill. "Large ad agency cites area's vibrancy in decision to return." Dallas Business Journal. December 9, 2007. p.
2. Retrieved October 17, 2010. "In August, Comerica Inc. announced it would move into the skyscraper, formerly known as Bank One Center, when the banking and financial firm relocated its headquarters from Detroit. Comerica leased five floors -- 164,000 square feet -- and the building was renamed to reflect its new lead tenant. Comerica executives began moving in last month."
^
abHethcock, Bill. "Large ad agency cites area's vibrancy in decision to return." Dallas Business Journal. December 9, 2007. p.
1. Retrieved October 17, 2010.
^David Dillon. "A BUTTON-DOWN BUILDING - Momentum Place is grand and elegant, but uninviting." The Dallas Morning News 30 Aug. 1987, HOME FINAL, ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT: 1C. NewsBank. Web. 4 Jan. 2010.