Cobalt sulfide is the name for
chemical compounds with a formula CoxSy. Well-characterized species include minerals with the formulas CoS, CoS2, Co3S4, and Co9S8. In general, the sulfides of cobalt are black,
semiconducting, insoluble in water, and
nonstoichiometric.[1]
Minerals and hydrometallurgy
Cobalt sulfides occur widely as minerals, comprising major sources of all cobalt compounds. Binary cobalt sulfide minerals include the
cattierite (CoS2) and
linnaeite (Co3S4). CoS2 (see image in table) is isostructural with iron
pyrite, featuring disulfide groups, i.e. Co2+S22−. Linnaeite, also rare, adopts the
spinel motif.[2] The Co9S8 compound is known as a very rare cobaltpentlandite (the Co analogue of
pentlandite).[3] Mixed metal sulfide minerals include
carrollite (CuCo2S4) and
siegenite (Co3−xNixS4).
CoS is known as jaipurite. However, this species is questionable.[4][5]
Cobalt sulfide minerals are converted to cobalt via roasting and extraction into aqueous acid. In some processes, cobalt salts are purified by precipitation when aqueous solutions of cobalt(II) ions are treated with
hydrogen sulfide. Not only is this reaction useful in the purification of cobalt from its ores, but also in
qualitative inorganic analysis.[1]
Applications and research
In combination with molybdenum, the sulfides of cobalt are used as catalysts for the industrial process called
hydrodesulfurization, which is implemented on a large scale in
refineries. Synthetic cobalt sulfides are widely investigated as electrocatalysts.[6]
Selected literature
Congiu, M.; Albano, L. G. S.; Decker, F.; Graeff, C. F. O. (2015-01-01). "Single precursor route to efficient cobalt sulphide counter electrodes for Dye-sensitized solar cells". Electrochimica Acta. 151: 517–524.
doi:
10.1016/j.electacta.2014.11.001.
Huo, Jinghao; Zheng, Min; Tu, Yongguang; Wu, Jihuai; Hu, Linhua; Dai, Songyuan (2015-03-20). "A high performance cobalt sulfide counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells". Electrochimica Acta. 159: 166–173.
doi:
10.1016/j.electacta.2015.01.214.
Congiu, M.; Albano, L. G. S.; Decker, F.; Graeff, C. F. O. (2015-01-01). "Single precursor route to efficient cobalt sulphide counter electrodes for dye sensitized solar cells". Electrochimica Acta. 151: 517–524.
doi:
10.1016/j.electacta.2014.11.001.
Congiu, Mirko; Lanuti, Alessandro; di Carlo, Aldo; Graeff, Carlos F. O. (2015-12-01). "A novel and large area suitable water-based ink for the deposition of cobalt sulfide films for solar energy conversion with iodine-free electrolytes". Solar Energy. 122: 87–96.
Bibcode:
2015SoEn..122...87C.
doi:
10.1016/j.solener.2015.08.032.
hdl:11449/177482.
Lin, Jeng-Yu; Liao, Jen-Hung; Wei, Tzu-Chien (2011-04-01). "Honeycomb-like CoS Counter Electrodes for Transparent Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells". Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters. 14 (4): D41–D44.
doi:
10.1149/1.3533917.
ISSN1099-0062.
Lin, Jeng-Yu; Liao, Jen-Hung; Chou, Shu-Wei (2011-10-01). "Cathodic electrodeposition of highly porous cobalt sulfide counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells". Electrochimica Acta. 56 (24): 8818–8826.
doi:
10.1016/j.electacta.2011.07.080.
Congiu, Mirko; Bonomo, Matteo; Marco, Maria Letizia De; Dowling, Denis P.; Di Carlo, Aldo; Dini, Danilo; Graeff, Carlos F. O. (2016-07-16). "Cobalt Sulfide as Counter Electrode in p-Type Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells". ChemistrySelect. 1 (11): 2808–2815.
doi:
10.1002/slct.201600297.
ISSN2365-6549.