From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Beta-arrestin-2 , also known as arrestin beta-2 , is an intracellular
protein that in humans is encoded by the ARRB2
gene .
Members of
arrestin /beta-arrestin protein family are thought to participate in agonist-mediated desensitization of
G protein-coupled receptors and cause specific dampening of cellular responses to stimuli such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or sensory signals,
[5]
[6]
[7] as well as having signalling roles in their own right.
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12] Arrestin beta 2, like
arrestin beta 1 , was shown to inhibit
beta-adrenergic receptor function in vitro. It is expressed at high levels in the central nervous system and may play a role in the regulation of synaptic receptors. Besides the brain, a
cDNA for arrestin beta 2 was isolated from
thyroid gland , and thus it may also be involved in hormone-specific desensitization of
TSH receptors . Multiple
alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been defined.
[13]
The protein may interact with the agonist
DOI in
5-HT2A receptor signaling.
[14]
[15]
Arrestin beta 2 is crucial for the development of
tolerance to
morphine and other
opioids .
Interactions
Arrestin beta 2 has been shown to
interact with
References
^
a
b
c
GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000141480 –
Ensembl , May 2017
^
a
b
c
GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000060216 –
Ensembl , May 2017
^
"Human PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .
^
"Mouse PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .
^ Breivogel CS, Lambert JM, Gerfin S, Huffman JW, Razdan RK (July 2008).
"Sensitivity to delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol is selectively enhanced in beta-arrestin2 -/- mice" . Behavioural Pharmacology . 19 (4): 298–307.
doi :
10.1097/FBP.0b013e328308f1e6 .
PMC
2751575 .
PMID
18622177 .
^ Li Y, Liu X, Liu C, Kang J, Yang J, Pei G, Wu C (March 2009).
"Improvement of morphine-mediated analgesia by inhibition of β-arrestin2 expression in mice periaqueductal gray matter" . International Journal of Molecular Sciences . 10 (3): 954–63.
doi :
10.3390/ijms10030954 .
PMC
2672012 .
PMID
19399231 .
^ Zheng H,
Loh HH , Law PY (January 2008).
"Beta-arrestin-dependent mu-opioid receptor-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) Translocate to Nucleus in Contrast to G protein-dependent ERK activation" . Molecular Pharmacology . 73 (1): 178–90.
doi :
10.1124/mol.107.039842 .
PMC
2253657 .
PMID
17947509 .
^ Ma L, Pei G (January 2007).
"Beta-arrestin signaling and regulation of transcription" . Journal of Cell Science . 120 (Pt 2): 213–8.
doi :
10.1242/jcs.03338 .
PMID
17215450 .
^ Defea K (March 2008).
"Beta-arrestins and heterotrimeric G-proteins: collaborators and competitors in signal transduction" . British Journal of Pharmacology . 153 Suppl 1 (S1): S298-309.
doi :
10.1038/sj.bjp.0707508 .
PMC
2268080 .
PMID
18037927 .
^ Barki-Harrington L, Rockman HA (February 2008). "Beta-arrestins: multifunctional cellular mediators". Physiology . 23 : 17–22.
doi :
10.1152/physiol.00042.2007 .
PMID
18268361 .
^ Patel PA, Tilley DG, Rockman HA (March 2009). "Physiologic and cardiac roles of beta-arrestins". Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology . 46 (3): 300–8.
doi :
10.1016/j.yjmcc.2008.11.015 .
PMID
19103204 .
^ Golan M, Schreiber G, Avissar S (2009). "Antidepressants, beta-arrestins and GRKs: from regulation of signal desensitization to intracellular multifunctional adaptor functions". Current Pharmaceutical Design . 15 (14): 1699–708.
doi :
10.2174/138161209788168038 .
PMID
19442183 .
^
"ARRB2 arrestin beta 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]" .
National Center for Biotechnology Information .
^ Schmid CL, Raehal KM, Bohn LM (January 2008).
"Agonist-directed signaling of the serotonin 2A receptor depends on beta-arrestin-2 interactions in vivo" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 105 (3): 1079–84.
doi :
10.1073/pnas.0708862105 .
PMC
2242710 .
PMID
18195357 .
^ Abbas A,
Roth BL (January 2008).
"Arresting serotonin" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 105 (3): 831–2.
Bibcode :
2008PNAS..105..831A .
doi :
10.1073/pnas.0711335105 .
PMC
2242676 .
PMID
18195368 .
^ Laporte SA, Oakley RH, Zhang J, Holt JA, Ferguson SS, Caron MG, Barak LS (March 1999).
"The beta2-adrenergic receptor/betaarrestin complex recruits the clathrin adaptor AP-2 during endocytosis" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 96 (7): 3712–7.
Bibcode :
1999PNAS...96.3712L .
doi :
10.1073/pnas.96.7.3712 .
PMC
22359 .
PMID
10097102 .
^ Kim YM, Benovic JL (August 2002).
"Differential roles of arrestin-2 interaction with clathrin and adaptor protein 2 in G protein-coupled receptor trafficking" . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 277 (34): 30760–8.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.M204528200 .
PMID
12070169 .
^ Claing A, Chen W, Miller WE, Vitale N, Moss J, Premont RT, Lefkowitz RJ (November 2001).
"beta-Arrestin-mediated ADP-ribosylation factor 6 activation and beta 2-adrenergic receptor endocytosis" . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 276 (45): 42509–13.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.M108399200 .
PMID
11533043 .
^ Wang P, Gao H, Ni Y, Wang B, Wu Y, Ji L, Qin L, Ma L, Pei G (February 2003).
"Beta-arrestin 2 functions as a G-protein-coupled receptor-activated regulator of oncoprotein Mdm2" . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 278 (8): 6363–70.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.M210350200 .
PMID
12488444 .
^ Wang P, Wu Y, Ge X, Ma L, Pei G (March 2003).
"Subcellular localization of beta-arrestins is determined by their intact N domain and the nuclear export signal at the C terminus" . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 278 (13): 11648–53.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.M208109200 .
PMID
12538596 .
^ Shenoy SK, Xiao K, Venkataramanan V, Snyder PM, Freedman NJ, Weissman AM (August 2008).
"Nedd4 mediates agonist-dependent ubiquitination, lysosomal targeting, and degradation of the beta2-adrenergic receptor" . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 283 (32): 22166–76.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.M709668200 .
PMC
2494938 .
PMID
18544533 .
^ Bhattacharya M, Anborgh PH, Babwah AV, Dale LB, Dobransky T, Benovic JL, Feldman RD, Verdi JM, Rylett RJ, Ferguson SS (August 2002). "Beta-arrestins regulate a Ral-GDS Ral effector pathway that mediates cytoskeletal reorganization". Nature Cell Biology . 4 (8): 547–55.
doi :
10.1038/ncb821 .
PMID
12105416 .
S2CID
20784208 .
Further reading
Lefkowitz RJ (July 1998).
"G protein-coupled receptors. III. New roles for receptor kinases and beta-arrestins in receptor signaling and desensitization" . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 273 (30): 18677–80.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.273.30.18677 .
PMID
9668034 .
Attramadal H, Arriza JL, Aoki C, Dawson TM, Codina J, Kwatra MM, Snyder SH, Caron MG, Lefkowitz RJ (September 1992).
"Beta-arrestin2, a novel member of the arrestin/beta-arrestin gene family" . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 267 (25): 17882–90.
doi :
10.1016/S0021-9258(19)37125-X .
PMID
1517224 .
Rapoport B, Kaufman KD, Chazenbalk GD (April 1992). "Cloning of a member of the arrestin family from a human thyroid cDNA library". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology . 84 (3): R39-43.
doi :
10.1016/0303-7207(92)90038-8 .
PMID
1587386 .
S2CID
1964362 .
Calabrese G, Sallese M, Stornaiuolo A, Stuppia L, Palka G, De Blasi A (September 1994). "Chromosome mapping of the human arrestin (SAG), beta-arrestin 2 (ARRB2), and beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 2 (ADRBK2) genes". Genomics . 23 (1): 286–8.
doi :
10.1006/geno.1994.1497 .
PMID
7695743 .
Parruti G, Peracchia F, Sallese M, Ambrosini G, Masini M, Rotilio D, De Blasi A (May 1993).
"Molecular analysis of human beta-arrestin-1: cloning, tissue distribution, and regulation of expression. Identification of two isoforms generated by alternative splicing" . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 268 (13): 9753–61.
doi :
10.1016/S0021-9258(18)98412-7 .
PMID
8486659 .
Le Gouill C, Parent JL, Rola-Pleszczynski M, Stanková J (February 1997).
"Role of the Cys90, Cys95 and Cys173 residues in the structure and function of the human platelet-activating factor receptor" . FEBS Letters . 402 (2–3): 203–8.
doi :
10.1016/S0014-5793(96)01531-1 .
PMID
9037196 .
S2CID
21074692 .
Barak LS, Ferguson SS, Zhang J, Caron MG (October 1997).
"A beta-arrestin/green fluorescent protein biosensor for detecting G protein-coupled receptor activation" . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 272 (44): 27497–500.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.272.44.27497 .
PMID
9346876 .
Laporte SA, Oakley RH, Zhang J, Holt JA, Ferguson SS, Caron MG, Barak LS (March 1999).
"The beta2-adrenergic receptor/betaarrestin complex recruits the clathrin adaptor AP-2 during endocytosis" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 96 (7): 3712–7.
Bibcode :
1999PNAS...96.3712L .
doi :
10.1073/pnas.96.7.3712 .
PMC
22359 .
PMID
10097102 .
Cheng ZJ, Zhao J, Sun Y, Hu W, Wu YL, Cen B, Wu GX, Pei G (January 2000).
"beta-arrestin differentially regulates the chemokine receptor CXCR4-mediated signaling and receptor internalization, and this implicates multiple interaction sites between beta-arrestin and CXCR4" . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 275 (4): 2479–85.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.275.4.2479 .
PMID
10644702 .
Lin F, Wang Hy, Malbon CC (June 2000).
"Gravin-mediated formation of signaling complexes in beta 2-adrenergic receptor desensitization and resensitization" . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 275 (25): 19025–34.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.275.25.19025 .
PMID
10858453 .
McDonald PH, Chow CW, Miller WE, Laporte SA, Field ME, Lin FT, Davis RJ, Lefkowitz RJ (November 2000). "Beta-arrestin 2: a receptor-regulated MAPK scaffold for the activation of JNK3". Science . 290 (5496): 1574–7.
Bibcode :
2000Sci...290.1574M .
doi :
10.1126/science.290.5496.1574 .
PMID
11090355 .
Luttrell LM, Roudabush FL, Choy EW, Miller WE, Field ME, Pierce KL, Lefkowitz RJ (February 2001).
"Activation and targeting of extracellular signal-regulated kinases by beta-arrestin scaffolds" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 98 (5): 2449–54.
Bibcode :
2001PNAS...98.2449L .
doi :
10.1073/pnas.041604898 .
PMC
30158 .
PMID
11226259 .
Cen B, Yu Q, Guo J, Wu Y, Ling K, Cheng Z, Ma L, Pei G (March 2001).
"Direct binding of beta-arrestins to two distinct intracellular domains of the delta opioid receptor" . Journal of Neurochemistry . 76 (6): 1887–94.
doi :
10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00204.x .
PMID
11259507 .
S2CID
83485138 .
Oakley RH, Laporte SA, Holt JA, Barak LS, Caron MG (June 2001).
"Molecular determinants underlying the formation of stable intracellular G protein-coupled receptor-beta-arrestin complexes after receptor endocytosis*" . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 276 (22): 19452–60.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.M101450200 .
PMID
11279203 .
Miller WE, McDonald PH, Cai SF, Field ME, Davis RJ, Lefkowitz RJ (July 2001).
"Identification of a motif in the carboxyl terminus of beta -arrestin2 responsible for activation of JNK3" . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 276 (30): 27770–7.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.M102264200 .
PMID
11356842 .
Claing A, Chen W, Miller WE, Vitale N, Moss J, Premont RT, Lefkowitz RJ (November 2001).
"beta-Arrestin-mediated ADP-ribosylation factor 6 activation and beta 2-adrenergic receptor endocytosis" . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 276 (45): 42509–13.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.M108399200 .
PMID
11533043 .
Hilairet S, Bélanger C, Bertrand J, Laperrière A, Foord SM, Bouvier M (November 2001).
"Agonist-promoted internalization of a ternary complex between calcitonin receptor-like receptor, receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1), and beta-arrestin" . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 276 (45): 42182–90.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.M107323200 .
PMID
11535606 .
Shenoy SK, McDonald PH, Kohout TA, Lefkowitz RJ (November 2001).
"Regulation of receptor fate by ubiquitination of activated beta 2-adrenergic receptor and beta-arrestin" . Science . 294 (5545): 1307–13.
Bibcode :
2001Sci...294.1307S .
doi :
10.1126/science.1063866 .
PMID
11588219 .
S2CID
23486946 .
Chen Z, Dupré DJ, Le Gouill C, Rola-Pleszczynski M, Stanková J (March 2002).
"Agonist-induced internalization of the platelet-activating factor receptor is dependent on arrestins but independent of G-protein activation. Role of the C terminus and the (D/N)PXXY motif" . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 277 (9): 7356–62.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.M110058200 .
PMID
11729201 .
External links
This article incorporates text from the
United States National Library of Medicine , which is in the
public domain .